21,597 research outputs found
MicroRNAs in cardiac arrhythmia: DNA sequence variation of MiR-1 and MiR-133A in long QT syndrome.
No full textLong QT syndrome (LQTS) is a genetic cardiac condition associated with prolonged ventricular repolarization, primarily a result of perturbations in cardiac ion channels, which predisposes individuals to life-threatening arrhythmias. Using DNA screening and sequencing methods, over 700 different LQTS-causing mutations have been identified in 13 genes worldwide. Despite this, the genetic cause of 30-50% of LQTS is presently unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (∼ 22 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding complementary sequences within messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The human genome encodes over 1800 miRNAs, which target about 60% of human genes. Consequently, miRNAs are likely to regulate many complex processes in the body, indeed aberrant expression of various miRNA species has been implicated in numerous disease states, including cardiovascular diseases. MiR-1 and MiR-133A are the most abundant miRNAs in the heart and have both been reported to regulate cardiac ion channels. We hypothesized that, as a consequence of their role in regulating cardiac ion channels, genetic variation in the genes which encode MiR-1 and MiR-133A might explain some cases of LQTS. Four miRNA genes (miR-1-1, miR-1-2, miR-133a-1 and miR-133a-2), which encode MiR-1 and MiR-133A, were sequenced in 125 LQTS probands. No genetic variants were identified in miR-1-1 or miR-133a-1; but in miR-1-2 we identified a single substitution (n.100A> G) and in miR-133a-2 we identified two substitutions (n.-19G> A and n.98C> T). None of the variants affect the mature miRNA products. Our findings indicate that sequence variants of miR-1-1, miR-1-2, miR-133a-1 and miR-133a-2 are not a cause of LQTS in this cohort
miR-132/212 knockout mice reveal roles for these miRNAs in regulating cortical synaptic transmission and plasticity
No full textmiR-132 and miR-212 are two closely related miRNAs encoded in the same intron of a small non-coding gene, which have been suggested to play roles in both immune and neuronal function. We describe here the generation and initial characterisation of a miR-132/212 double knockout mouse. These mice were viable and fertile with no overt adverse phenotype. Analysis of innate immune responses, including TLR-induced cytokine production and IFNβ induction in response to viral infection of primary fibroblasts did not reveal any phenotype in the knockouts. In contrast, the loss of miR-132 and miR-212, while not overtly affecting neuronal morphology, did affect synaptic function. In both hippocampal and neocortical slices miR-132/212 knockout reduced basal synaptic transmission, without affecting paired-pulse facilitation. Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by tetanic stimulation was not affected by miR-132/212 deletion, whilst theta burst LTP was enhanced. In contrast, neocortical theta burst-induced LTP was inhibited by loss of miR-132/212. Together these results indicate that miR-132 and/or miR-212 play a significant role in synaptic function, possibly by regulating the number of postsynaptic AMPA receptors under basal conditions and during activity-dependent synaptic plasticity
Importancia clínica de los micrornas de la vía de p53 en cáncer de pulmón no microcítico: miR-34a y miR-16
No full text[spa] El cáncer de pulmón no célula pequeña es la neoplasia más frecuente en la actualidad en los países industrializados, siendo la primera causa de mortalidad por cáncer en el varón.
Su incidencia continúa aumentando progresivamente, y su tratamiento, pese a los esfuerzos de investigación de los últimos años, sigue siendo poco efectivo en la mayor parte de los casos, situándose la supervivencia global a los cinco años alrededor del 13%.
La alta tasa de recaída, incluso en estadios iniciales susceptibles de cirugías radicales, justifica el interés de estudiar marcadores pronósticos de supervivencia y recaída. Esto nos ayudaría a distinguir grupos de riesgo, cuyo interés radica en ayudarnos a conocer la necesidad y efecto de los tratamientos adyuvantes, con quimioterapia y radioterapia así como abrir la puerta a posibles nuevas armas terapéuticas.
Dada la alta incidencia de alteraciones en la vía de p53 en el cáncer de pulmón no célula pequeña, y su probable valor pronóstico, nuestra hipótesis es que existen alteraciones en los niveles de expresión de los miRNAs directamente regulados por p53, así como en los reguladores intermedios de la función de p53, con posible valor pronóstico en recaída y supervivencia de pacientes operados de cáncer de pulmón no célula pequeña o no microcítico(CPNCP).
Tratamos pues de identificar el papel que juegan los miRNAs como marcadores útiles en el pronóstico del CPNCP en estadios iniciales, tras cirugía radical. De forma más específica determinar el posible papel pronóstico en recaída y en supervivencia de los miRNAs de la familia de miR-34: miR-34a, miR-34b y miR-34c, cuya transcripción es activada por p53. También definir el posible papel pronóstico en recaída y en supervivencia de los miRNAs miR-16 y miR-143, cuyos niveles finales en la célula, están modulados por p53. Así como, conocer si existen posibles interacciones entre miR-34a, miR-34b, miR-34c, miR-16 y miR-143 a nivel pronóstico.
Para ello, hemos planteado un estudio retrospectivo, con las muestras de tejido tumoral y normal pareado de 70 pacientes, diagnosticados y tratado, de cáncer de pulmón no microcítico estadios I-III, entre Febrero de 1996 y Septiembre de 2002, en el Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. Se realizaron la extracción y cuantificación de RNA. Determinación de los niveles de los microRNAs mencionados. Determinación del estado de metilación de la región promotora del gen MIR34A. Determinación de la presencia de mutaciones de P53 entre los exones 5-8.
Tras estos estudios los resultado obtenidos se han publicado en dos artículos. El primero de ellos en la revista “Carcinogenesis” y el segundo en la revista “Journal of Surgical Oncology”.
En el primer artículo, titulado “miR-34a as a prognostic marker of relapse in surgically resected non-small-cell lung cancer”, relacionamos los niveles de miR-34a con la recaída tumoral, estableciendo tres grupos en función de esta tasa de recaída: el grupo con niveles bajos de miR34a, con un 67% de recaída, los que tenían niveles altos, con un 43% de recaída y los que tenían los niveles más altos con un 0% de recaída. Además, en el análisis univariado para riesgo de recaída, el estado mutacional de P53, los niveles de miR-34a
y el estadio IA vs el resto, se correlacionaron con probabilidad de recaída. Se realizaron dos análisis mutilvariados, incluyendo o no el estado mutacional de P53, permaneciendo en ambos análisis la expresión de miR-34a, como factor independiente para recaída tumoral. Se observó que los pacientes con mutaciones de P53 presentaban una media de expresión de miR-34a más baja. Se observó que el subgrupo de pacientes en el que los niveles de expresión de miR-34a baja coincidían con presencia de mutaciones de P53, presentaban una alta tasa de recaída. En los pacientes sin mutaciones de de P53, existe una diferencia significativa en los niveles de expresión de miR-34a entre los pacientes que presentaban la región promotora de MIR34A metilada vs los que no. Por todo esto, encontramos que miR-34a se demuestra como un nuevo marcador biológico con significación en el pronóstico de la recaída de pacientes sometidos a cirugía del CPNCP, abriendo la posibilidad de una futura herramienta en el algoritmo de decisiones terapéuticas.
En el segundo artículo, titulado “Prognostic Implications of miR-16 Expression Levels in Resected Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer”, desde la hipótesis de que P53 activa la transcripción de la familia de miRNAs de miR-34 y regula la maduración de miR-16 y miR143, se estudiaron los niveles de expresión de miR-143 y miR-16 en el tejido normal y tumoral pareado de cada paciente de la serie, antes mencionada, de 70 pacientes.
Así los pacientes se clasificaron de acuerdo a los niveles de expresión de miR-16(alto, normal y bajo). Aquellos pacientes con niveles normales tuvieron la mejor evolución, mientras que aquellos con niveles más altos tuvieron la peor. La supervivencia libre de enfermedad (SLE) era de 22,4 meses para los pacientes con niveles altos de miR-16, 71,8 meses para los de niveles normales y de 55,8 meses para los de niveles bajos. La supervivencia global (SG) fue de 23,9 meses para los que tenían niveles altos de miR-16, de 97,6 meses para los que tenían niveles normales y 63,5 meses para aquellos con niveles bajos. No se observó correlación entre los niveles de miR-143 y la evolución clínica de los pacientes. El análisis multivariado mostró a miR-16 como factor pronóstico independiente de SLE Y SG. En un análisis secundario, examinamos la correlación potencial entre la expresión de miR-16 y miR-34a y el estado mutacional de P53.No hubo correlación entre el estado mutacional de P53 y miR-16, pero si se observó una interacción entre miR-16 y miR-34a. En los pacientes con niveles altos de miR-34a, se observaron diferencias entre SLE Y SG, de acuerdo a los niveles de expresión de miR-16, mientras que en los pacientes con niveles bajos de miR-34a presentaban un pobre pronóstico, independientemente de los niveles de expresión de miR-16. Estos resultados nos indican el posible valor pronóstico de miR-16 en pacientes intervenidos de CPNCP, además del posible sinergismo entre miR-34a y miR16.[eng] Non small cell lung cancer is more common today, in industrialized countries and is the leading cause of cancer death in men. Its incidence continues to increase gradually, and their treatment, despite the research efforts of recent years, it remains ineffective in most cases, putting the overall survival at five years about 13%. The high rate of relapse, even in early stages susceptible to radical surgery, justifies the interest in studying prognostic markers of survival and relapse. This would help us distinguish risk groups, whose interest lies in helping to meet the need and effect of adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as opening the door to possible new therapeutic tools. Given the high incidence of alterations in the p53 pathway in non small cell lung cancer, and likely its prognostic role, our hypothesis is that there are alterations in the expression levels of miRNAs directly regulated by p53, as well as in intermediate regulators of p53 function with potential prognostic value on relapse and survival of patients undergoing non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Then, we try to identify the role of miRNAs as useful markers for the prognosis of NSCLC in initial stages, after radical surgery. More specifically determine the possible prognostic role in relapse and survival of the family miRNAs miR-34: miR-34a, miR-34b and miR-34c, whose transcription is activated by p53. Also define the possible prognostic role in relapse and survival of the miRNAs miR-16 and miR-143, whose final levels in the cell are modulated by p53. And, determine whether there are possible interactions between miR-34a, miR-34b, miR-34c, miR-16 and miR-143 as regards prognosis. To do this, we have proposed a retrospective study, with the tumor tissue and paired normal in 70 patients, diagnosed and treated of non small cell lung cancer stages I-III, between February 1996 and September 2002, at the Hospital Clínic, in Barcelona. We performed RNA extraction and quantification. Determining levels of microRNAs mentioned. Determining the status of methylation of the promoter region of the gene MIR34A. Determining the presence of p53 mutations between exons 5-8. Following, the results obtained from these studies have been published in two articles. The first in the journal "Carcinogenesis" and the second in the "Journal of Surgical Oncology." In the first article, entitled "miR-34a as a Prognostic marker of relapse in surgically resected non-small-cell lung cancer", we relate the levels of miR-34a with the tumor relapse, establishing three groups according to the rate of relapse: the group with low levels of miR34a, with 67% relapse, those with high levels, with 43% relapse and those with the highest levels with a 0% relapse. Furthermore, in univariate analysis for risk of relapse, the mutational status of p53, the levels of miR-34a and stage IA vs the rest, were correlated with likelihood of relapse. Two multivariate analyzes were performed, including or not the P53 mutational status, remaining in both analyzes the expression of miR-34a, as an independent factor for tumor relapse. It was observed that patients with p53 mutations had a mean expression of miR-34a lower. It was noted that the subgroup of patients in which the expression levels of miR-34a low coincided with the presence of p53 mutations, had a high rate of relapse. In patients without mutations of p53, there is a significant difference in expression levels of miR-34a between the patients with the methylated promoter region MIR34A vs. those without. For all this, we found that miR-34a is shown as a novel biomarker with prognostic significance in patients relapsed NSCLC undergoing surgery, opening the possibility of a future tool in the therapeutic decision algorithm. In the second article, entitled "Prognostic Implications of miR-16 Expression Levels in Resected Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer", from the hypothesis that p53 activates transcription of the family of miRNAs miR-34 and regulates the maturation of miR-16 to miR-143, we studied the expression levels of miR-143 and miR-16 in the paired normal and tumor tissue of each patient in the series, mentioned above, in 70 patients. So patients were classified according to the expression levels of miR-16 (high, normal and low). Patients with normal levels had the best clinical course, while those with higher levels had the worst. The disease-free survival (DFS) was 22.4 months for patients with high levels of miR-16, 71.8 months for normal levels of 55.8 months for low levels. Overall survival (OS) was 23.9 months for those with high levels of miR-16, from 97.6 months for those with normal levels and 63.5 months for those with low levels. No correlation was observed between the levels of miR-143 and the clinical course of patients. Multivariate analysis showed miR-16 as an independent prognostic factor for DFS and OS. In a secondary analysis, we examined the potential correlation between the expression of miR-16 and miR-34a and the mutational status of P53. There was no correlation between p53 mutational status and miR-16, but observed an interaction between miR-16 and miR-34a. In patients with high levels of miR-34a, there were differences between DFS and OS, according to the expression levels of miR-16, whereas in patients with low levels of miR-34a had a poor prognosis, regardless of expression levels of miR-16. These results indicate the possible prognostic value of miR-16 in patients operated for NSCLC, as well as possible synergism between miR-34a and miR1
NEW INSIGHTS OF MIR-145 FUNCTION AND REGULATION IN HUMAN BREAST CANCER.
No full textmiR-145 is down-regulated in the majority of human cancers, including breast cancer (BC).
However, its role remains largely unknown. Here, I provide evidence for miR-145 induced
anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect in several BC cell lines, which was not detected in
BC cells lacking a functional TP53 gene and exhibiting an estrogen receptor alfa (ESR1)
negative status. I found that miR-145 anti-proliferative effects were dependent upon TP53
activation and that activation of TP53 could in turn stimulates miR-145 expression. I also
found that miR-145 could repress the expression of ESR1 protein by direct interaction with
two sites within its gene coding sequence. My findings support the existence of a positive
regulatory loop where miR-145 directly targets ESR1 and indirectly activates TP53, which in
turn sustains miR-145 expression and reinforces miR-145 overall effects on proliferation and
apoptosis
Functional microRNA high throughput screening reveals miR-9 as a central regulator of liver oncogenesis by affecting the PPARA-CDH1 pathway
No full textBackground: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, reflecting the aggressiveness of this type of cancer and the absence of effective therapeutic regimens. MicroRNAs have been involved in the pathogenesis of different types of cancers, including liver cancer. Our aim was to identify microRNAs that have both functional and clinical relevance in HCC and examine their downstream signaling effectors. Methods: MicroRNA and gene expression levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR in HCC tumors and controls. A TargetScan algorithm was used to identify miR-9 downstream direct targets. Results: A high-throughput screen of the human microRNAome revealed 28 microRNAs as regulators of liver cancer cell invasiveness. MiR-9, miR-21 and miR-224 were the top inducers of HCC invasiveness and also their expression was increased in HCC relative to control liver tissues. Integration of the microRNA screen and expression data revealed miR-9 as the top microRNA, having both functional and clinical significance. MiR-9 levels correlated with HCC tumor stage and miR-9 overexpression induced SNU-449 and HepG2 cell growth, invasiveness and their ability to form colonies in soft agar. Bioinformatics and 3’UTR luciferase analyses identified E-cadherin (CDH1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) as direct downstream effectors of miR-9 activity. Inhibition of PPARA suppressed CDH1 mRNA levels, suggesting that miR-9 regulates CDH1 expression directly through binding in its 3’UTR and indirectly through PPARA. On the other hand, miR-9 inhibition of overexpression suppressed HCC tumorigenicity and invasiveness. PPARA and CDH1 mRNA levels were decreased in HCC relative to controls and were inversely correlated with miR-9 levels. Conclusions: Taken together, this study revealed the involvement of the miR-9/PPARA/CDH1 signaling pathway in HCC oncogenesis
Role and regulation of miR-483 in cancer
No full textThe hsa-mir-483 locus is located at chromosome 11p15.5 within intron 2 of the IGF2 locus. Because of its location, de-regulated in Wilms’ tumor and other neoplasia, I hypothesized that this microRNA had a potential role in tumors. By analyzing 19 Wilms’ tumors, I proved that miR-483-3p is indeed over-expressed in 100% of the cases and a co-regulation with the over-expression of IGF2 was found.
However, several other types of common adult cancers exhibit high or even extremely high levels of miR-483-3p expression without IGF2 over-expression. Indeed, independently from IGF2, the expression of the miR-483-3p could also be induced by the oncoprotein β-catenin through a novel interaction with the basic Helix-Loop-Helix protein upstream stimulatory transcription factor 1 (USF1).
I also show that β-catenin itself is a target of miR-483-3p, triggering a negative regulative loop that becomes ineffective in cells harbouring activating mutations of β-catenin pathway.
The potential oncogenic role of miR-483-3p was supported by the findings that its ectopic expression protects cells from apoptosis and, conversely, its inhibition increase the level of apoptosis. To understand the mechanisms of its action, I investigated potential gene targets. Among these, an important pro-apoptotic protein, Puma, were inhibited by miR-483-3p. My results indicate that miR-483-3p functions as an anti-apoptotic oncogene, coordinately over-expressed with IGF2 in Wilms’ tumors or induced by β-catenin activation in other tumor types
miR-200c sensitizes breast cancer cells to doxorubicin treatment by decreasing TrkB and Bmi1 expression.
No full textAcquired resistance to classical chemotherapeutics is a major obstacle in cancer treatment. Doxorubicin is frequently used in breast cancer therapy either as single-agent or in combination with other drugs like docetaxel and cyclophosphamide. All these chemotherapies have in common that they are administered sequentially and often result in chemoresistance. Here, we mimicked this pulse therapy of breast cancer patients in an in vitro cell culture model, where the epithelial breast cancer cell line BT474 was sequentially treated with doxorubicin for several treatment cycles. In consequence, we obtained chemoresistant cells displaying a mesenchymal-like phenotype with decreased levels of miR-200c. To investigate the involvement of miR-200c in resistance formation, we inhibited and overexpressed miR-200c in different cell lines. Thereby, the cells were rendered more resistant or susceptible to doxorubicin treatment. Moreover, the receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB and the transcriptional repressor Bmi1 were identified as miR-200c targets mediating the drug resistance. Hence, we provide a mechanism of acquired resistance to doxorubicin that is caused by the loss of miR-200c. Along with this, our study demonstrates the complex network of microRNA mediated chemoresistance highlighting the challenges in cancer therapy and the importance of novel microRNA-modulating anticancer agents
microRNA expression and function in Embryonic Stem Cells: miR-100, miR-137 and miR-34a are required for ESC differentiation
No full textGiven their capacity to self-renew and differentiate efficiently into the different cell types, Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) provide a valid model to understand the complex network of signaling interactions in the mammalian embryo and open up new possibilities for cell therapy. So a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate generation, self-renewal and differentiation of ESCs is become crucial not only to fulfill their clinical promise but also to get insight into the molecular mechanisms controlling early events of mammalian development. The emergence of microRNAs (microRNAs) as potent regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level has broad implications in all facets of biology, including ESCs and early development.
In recent years, the role of microRNAs in ESCs and mammalian embryogenesis has begun to be explored but specific roles of the microRNAs in the regulation of ESC specific fate are still largely unknown. In this context, our interest is to identify microRNAs regulating ESC functions. We performed a systematic comparison of microRNA expression in undifferentiated versus differentiating mouse ESCs. We report that different microRNAs are increased upon the induction of differentiation. We compared the entire list of candidate mRNA targets of upregulated microRNAs with that of mRNA dowregulated in ESCs upon the induction of differentiation. Among the candidate targets emerged from this analysis, we found three genes Smarca5, Jarid1b and Sirt1, previously demonstrated to be necessary to sustain the undifferentiated phenotype in ESCs. On this basis, we first demonstrated that Smarca5 is a direct target of miR-100, Jarid1b of miR-137 and confirmed previously published data demonstrating that Sirt1 is a direct target of miR-34a in a different context. The suppression of these three microRNAs by anti-miRs caused block of ESC differentiation induced by LIF withdrawal. On the other hand, the overexpression of the three microRNAs resulted in an altered expression of differentiation markers. These results demonstrated that miR-100, miR-137 and miR-34a are required for proper differentiation of ESCs, and that they function by targeting, among the others, the mRNAs of Smarca5, Jarid1b and Sirt1.
In conclusion, we have characterized a subset of microRNAs that are necessary for proper differentiation of mouse ESCs. The identification of microRNAs that are up-regulated upon the induction of ESC differentiation suggests that they suppress, directly or indirectly, the expression of genes necessary to maintain ESCs in the undifferentiated state. The identification of targets of the microRNAs that we have studied may provide tools to drive ESC differentiation towards specific lineages
Stress responsive miR-23a attenuates skeletal muscle atrophy by targeting MAFbx /atrogin-1
No full textMuscle atrophy occurs in many pathological states and results primarily from accelerated protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. We used dexamethasone to induce muscle wasting and investigated the role of a microRNA (miRNA) in the control of muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase MAFbx/atrogin-1. Here we show that miR-23a suppresses MAFbx/atrogin-1 translation by binding to 3'UTR of the mRNA. Furthermore, ectopic expression of miR-23a is sufficient to protect myocytes from atrophy in vitro and in vivo in response to dexamethasone treatment, and heat stress-induced miR-23a protects muscle from dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. Our surprising discovery of the physiological role of miR-23a in preventing the atrophy program should lay the basis not only for further understanding of the mechanisms of muscle wasting in diverse diseases, but also for developing novel therapies for these debilitating conditions
MiR-497-5p, miR-195-5p and miR-455-3p function as tumor suppressors by targeting hTERT in melanoma A375 cells
No full textLi Chai,1 Xiao-Jing Kang,2 Zhen-Zhu Sun,3 Ming-Feng Zeng,2 Shi-Rong Yu,2 Yuan Ding,2 Jun-Qin Liang,2 Ting-Ting Li,2 Juan Zhao2 1Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China; 2Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China; 3Department of Pathology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China Background: hTERT gene plays an important role in melanoma, although the specific mechanism involved is unclear. The aim of this study was to screen and identify the relative miRNAs with the regulation of hTERT in melanoma. Materials and methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect hTERT mRNA and protein expression in 36 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded melanoma tissues and 36 age- and sex-matched pigmented nevi cases, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis and custom miRNA polymerase chain reaction array were determined for predicting, screening and verifying miRNAs with the regulation of the hTERT gene. To investigate the biological functions, miRNAs mimics or inhibitors were transfected into melanoma A375 cells. The relative expression of miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-455-3p and hTERT mRNA was determined by q-PCR. The protein expression of hTERT was detected by Western blot. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide and flow cytometry were employed to detect cell proliferation ability, cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to observe cell invasion and migration abilities. A direct target gene of miRNAs was analyzed by a dual luciferase reporter activity assay. Results: MiR-497-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-455-3p were significantly downregulated, while hTERT was upregulated in melanoma tissues. hTERT expression level was inversely correlated with miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p and miR-455-3p. Overexpression of miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p and miR-455-3p inhibited A375 cell proliferation, migration and invasion, arrested the cell cycle, induced cell apoptosis and decreased hTERT expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Suppression of miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p and miR-455-3p partially reversed the inhibitory effects. Finally, hTERT was identified as a direct target of miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p and miR-455-3p. Conclusions: MiR-497-5p, miR-195-5p and miR-455-3p act as tumor suppressors by targeting hTERT in melanoma A375 cells. Therefore, miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p and miR-455-3p could be potential targeted therapeutic choice for melanoma. Keywords: melanoma, miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-455-3p, hTER
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