290 research outputs found
Interleaved, Filter Mediate Collaborative Design: a product/process approach. Two examples of collaborative working environments in A/E/C
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Modelling and Simulating Use Processes in Buildings
No full textIn this paper, we propose a new approach to simulating users’ behavior in yet un-built buildings. For this purpose, we have developed a model that connects two different representations: a formal representation of the building use, by means of a method borrowed from Business Process Modeling and Notation (BPMN) approach; and a game-engine based 3D virtual environment, where this process is effectively simulated and integrated with some autonomous behaviour of users/agents. The model has been applied to two test cases, where the activities of doctors, nurses, patients, and visitors in different hospitals were tracked, simulated, and reviewed by medical professionals for validation
Grain size stabilization of oxide dispersion strengthened CoCrFeNi-Y(2)O3 high entropy alloys synthesized by mechanical alloying
No full textNanocrystalline CoCrFeNi high entropy alloys (HEAs) with 1 and 4 wt% nanosized Y2O3 were synthesized by high energy mechanical alloying and subjected to annealing treatments at different temperatures up to 1100 degrees C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), focused ion beam microscopy (FIB), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the microstructures of as-milled and annealed HEAs as a function of annealing temperature and Y2O3 content. The results have shown that the as-milled HEAs were solid solutions with face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure, which remained stable even after annealing at 1100 degrees C. The as-milled nanocrystalline CoCrFeNi HEA revealed grain growth upon annealing, reaching 293 nm and 1.45 mu m after annealing at 900 and 1100 degrees C, respectively. This suggests that the nanocrystalline microstructure of CoCrFeNi is not thermally stable at high temperatures. The grain size stability was found to reach around 72 nm with nanosized Y2O3 particles after annealing at 1100 degrees C. Accordingly, 477 +/- 20 HV asmilled hardness of CoCrFeNi was dramatically reduced to 220 +/- 14 HV after annealing at 1100 degrees C due to severe grain coarsening but retained around 450 +/- 23 HV with 4 wt% Y2O3 addition. The correlation between microstructure and hardness was utilized to evaluate the mechanical properties. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Knowledge-based computational support for architectural design.
No full textThe process of architectural design aims to define a physical form that will achieve certain functional and behavioral objectives in a particular context. It comprises three distinct,but highly interrelated, operations: (1) definition of the desired objectives; (2) production of alternative design solutions; (3) evaluation of the expected performances of the solutions and their comparison to the predefined objectives. Design can be viewed as a process of research for a solution that satisfies stated needs, while at the same time adapting the need to the opportunities and limitations inherent in the emerging solution. Computational techniques were developed to assist each one of the three operations, with varying degrees of success. We propose to intergrate all three operaitons into one whole, by developing a computational model that will facilitate smooth transition from one operation to another. The role in supporting this model will include providing a database of prototypical design objectives and solutions, storing project-specific design goals and solutions, and predicting their expected performances. This paper discusses the rationale and background for developing such a knowledge-base design system, and presents the parameters for implementing it as a computational tool to support architectural design. Examples from a prototype implementation serve to illustrate the discussion
Preface, Introduction and Conclusions
No full textDesign, in the broad sense, did not escape the paradoxical trend of specialization and unification.
In the quest for increasingly more efficient methods and practices it swung from the magical “deus ex-machina” of the past – the artist-designer; to a segmented and fragmentary form of practice in a ‘Taylorist’ company of the last century – the clerk-designer; to a kind of achieved synthesis that ‘differed’ from preceding ones, combining unity and identity, specialist research and global synthesis – the actordesigner.
These new design methods and practices – united by the paradigm of collaboration – caught on in a wide range of activities and sectors. In design, however, particularly in the form designated as “Architecture, Engineering and Construction” (AEC), they drew renewed problem-solving impetus and fresh energy from pragmatic practices that had always been present. Indeed, buildings and projects are the outcome of a collective work carried out by specialists with different knowledge, cultural backgrounds, and often divergent objectives. Collaboration is not only necessary, but
also desirable, in order to reduce to unity the different aims of the various specialists, putting them all on the same footing in an effort to achieve a whole that is larger than
its several parts.
Collaboration in design thus became a goal in itself, to be pursued from all standpoints. It has become a well-defined systemic method: collaborative design
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