17,684 research outputs found
Utilización de adsorbentes para la eliminación de contaminantes en aguas y efluentes líquidos
No full textEl objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un estudio acerca de un tipo especial de materiales inorgánicos,
que se definen genéricamente como arcillas, resaltando sus características físicoquímicas y propiedades y
la relación de estas propiedades con su uso como adsorbentes de contaminantes acuosos. También se
pretende revisar críticamente los avances realizados en este tema.
Se realizaron ensayos para estudiar la capacidad de adsorción para un sistema específico, bentonita
como adsorbente de cromo hexavalente.
Para la determinación de Cr(VI) se utilizaron dos metodologías analíticas diferentes: espectrometría de
absorción molecular UV-visible y empleo de técnicas radioquímicas con 51Cr como trazador radiactivo.
No se ha pretendido concluir el trabajo hasta el nivel de la utilización a escala industrial del adsorbente
propuesto; a nivel experimental, el objetivo es presentar el desarrollo metodológico necesario para llegar a la
aplicación tecnológica final.Universidad de Belgrano. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Carrera de Licenciatura en Ciencias Químicas. Tutora: Cecilia D. Ri Risio. Departamento de Investigación
Abril 200
Reconstructed 3-D RI distributions of RBCs.
No full text<p>(a–d) Cross-sectional images of 3-D RI tomograms of RBCs (along the <i>x</i>–<i>y</i>, the <i>x</i>–<i>z</i>, and the <i>z</i>–<i>y</i> planes) exposed to diluted blood solutions of (a) 0.0, (b) 0.1, (c) 0.3, and (d) 0.5% ethanol concentrations; (e–h) 3-D rendered RI isosurfaces (<i>n</i> > 1.355) of the four representative RBCs in (a–d).</p
Studies investigating peripheral blood derived cells that express the high affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (Fc?RI) In Allergic Disorders
No full textIt is just forty years since the identification of immunoglobulin E (IgE) as the reagin responsible for allergen induced immediate hypersensitivity reactions. IgE exerts its biological actions through the binding of its Fc fragment to specific Fc receptors on effector cells. There are two predominant Fc receptors for IgE – Fc?RI, which has a very high affinity for IgE and Fc?RII, which shows less avid binding. For much of the first two decades after the identification of IgE, it was thought that Fc?RI expression was limited to mast cells and basophils and that IgE binding to other cell types such as Blymphocytes and antigen presenting cells (APCs) was mainly due to Fc?RII. However with major advances in characterisation and functional knowledge of Fc?RI, particularly in the last fifteen years, it has become apparent that Fc?RI can be expressed on several more cell types that may be involved in initiation and maintenance of allergic inflammation – including APCs (monocytes and dendritic cells)and possibly eosinophils.The research described in the four papers forming this thesis was completed during this period and evaluated Fc?RI expression on different cell types, their potential roles in allergen induced inflammatory responses and whether successful therapeutic strategies for allergic disorders may involve actions on Fc?RI+ cells. The relative expression of Fc?RI on peripheral blood basophils, monocytes and eosinophils from atopic and non-atopic subjects and any relationship with serum IgE concentrations was assessed in the first paper. The second study examined a potentially important role for basophils as a cellular source of rapidly releasable IL-4 which may help initiate allergen induced TH2 responses. The next study investigated the possible effects on allergen induced early and late asthmatic responses of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A which had been shown both to inhibit mast cell and basophil degranulation and cytokine secretion (particularly by CD4+ T-cells). The final study evaluated Fc?RI expression on these cell types as well humoral factors (e.g. seasonal changes in allergen specific IgG and IgE) in subjects who, after 3 to 4 years of grass pollen immunotherapy, had continued on either active or placebo immunotherapy for a further 3 years. A historical perspective explaining some of the reasons the studies were done is provided in the introductory chapter whilst the discussion chapter at the end reviews how many of the findings of the study have evolved in subsequent years right up to the present day and finishes off with a brief synopsis of how rapidly increasing knowledge of the regulatory functions of dendritic cells (expressing Fc?RI and often monocyte derived) has resulted in better understanding of the mechanisms of allergen specific immunotherapy and is leading to more effective treatment modalities
O Institucionalismo de Santi Romano: por um diálogo entre posições críticas à modernidade jurídica
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Florianópolis, 2011Na tentativa de estabelecer um alinhavo, não linear embora, de autores críticos à Modernidade Jurídica, o trabalho parte da conceito de instituição de Santi Romano para, a partir daí, estabelecer um diálogo qualificado entre o jurista italiano e outras escolas e autores que, da mesma forma, voltam-se à problemantização do modo pelo que o Direito é concebido a partir de fins do Século XVIII. Por meio do método dedutivo de abordagem, e lançando mão da pesquisa bibliográfica é que, então, foram escolhidos alguns traços centrais da obras romaniana : (a) antinormativismo; (b) anti-individualismo; (c) o direito visto ente objetivo e, por isso, traduzindo a organização social, sem relação com o ente estatal. A partir deles, a dissertação segue na tentativa de ver se e de que modo eles se fazem presentes ainda no cerne do pensamento da Escola História - com destaque aqui para Savigny -, e, ainda, no da Escola Positivista, de ênfase sociológica, francesa - sublinando neste passo o pensamento de Durkheim, Duguit e Hauriou (neste passo reunindo juristas anteriores ou contemporâneos a Romano). Seguindo a investigação - agora lançando mão de concepões de juristas posteriores a Santi Romano -, a obra destrinça ainda o pensamento decisionista de Carl Schmitt, como ainda, por fim, as concepções do historiador do Direito Paolo Grossi. Tudo isso como forma de engendrar um núcleo de posições teóricas defendidas por autores que, a despeito das flagrantes contradições existentes entre si, podem ser reunidos, em perspectiva histórica, num mesmo agrupamento de posições contestadoras do paradigma instaurado pela Modernidade Jurídica.In an attempt to establish an outline of the authors who were critical of Legal Modernity, our text takes the concept of institution in Santi Romano, in order to establish a dialogue between the Italian jurist and schools and other authors who also care about the questioning of the form that Law is designed in the late eighteenth century. Then, through the deductive method of approach and using the research literature, were chosen some central features of the works of Romano: (a) anti-normativism; (b) anti-individualism; (c) the Law as being objective, thereby reflecting the social organization, unrelated to the state. From them, our exposition follows in an attempt to see if and how these aspects are present in the heart of the 'Historical School' in the Philosophy of Law - in particular, Savigny - and also within the Positivist School, especially French and sociological - highlighting here the thought of Durkheim, Duguit, and Hauriou. Following the investigation, our work details the decisionist thought of Carl Schmitt, as well as the views of Paolo Grossi, historian of Law. All this as a way of engendering a core of theoretical positions defended by the authors who, despite the glaring contradictions between them, can be assembled in the same group of perspectives that challenges the legal paradigm introduced by Modernity
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UCLA PTSD reaction index for DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5): a psychometric study of adolescents sampled from communities in eleven countries
No full textBackground: Children and adolescents are often exposed to traumatic events, which may lead to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is therefore important for clinicians to screen for potential symptoms that can be signs of PTSD onset. PTSD in youth is a worldwide problem, thus congruent screening tools in various languages are needed. Objective: The aim of this study was to test the general psychometric properties of the Traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index for children and adolescents (UCLA PTSD) Reaction Index for DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5) in adolescents, a self-report instrument intended to screen for trauma exposure and assess PTSD symptoms. Method: Data was collected from 4201 adolescents in communities within eleven countries worldwide (i.e. Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Indonesia, Montenegro, Nigeria, Palestine-Gaza, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, and Serbia). Internal consistency, discriminant validity, and a confirmatory factor analysis of a four-factor model representing the main DSM-5 symptoms of the PTSD-RI-5 were evaluated. Results: The PTSD-RI-5 total score for the entire sample shows very good reliability (α = .92) as well as across all countries included (α ranged from .90 to .94). The correlations between anxiety/depressive symptoms and the PTSD-RI-5 scores were below .70 indicating on good discriminant validity. The four-factor structure of the scale was confirmed for the total sample and data from six countries. The standardized regression weights for all items varied markedly across the countries. The lack of a common acceptable model across all countries prevented us from direct testing of cross-cultural measurement invariance. Conclusions: The four-factor structure of the PTSD-RI-5 likely represents the core PTSD symptoms as proposed by the DSM-5 criteria, but there could be items interpreted in a conceptually different manner by adolescents from different cultural/regional backgrounds and future cross-cultural evaluations need to consider this finding.
Antecedentes: Los niños y adolescentes a menudo están expuestos a eventos traumáticos, que pueden llevar al desarrollo de un trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT). Por lo tanto, es importante que los médicos examinen los posibles síntomas que pueden ser signos del inicio de un TEPT. Este trastorno en jóvenes es un problema global, por lo que se necesitan herramientas de detección congruentes en varios idiomas.
Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue probar en adolescentes las propiedades psicométricas generales del Índice de Reacción TEPT de la UCLA para el DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5), que es un instrumento de auto-reporte destinado a evaluar la exposición al trauma y evaluar los síntomas de PTSD.
Método: Los datos se recopilaron de 4201 adolescentes en comunidades dentro de once países alrededor del mundo (es decir, Brasil, Bulgaria, Croacia, Indonesia, Montenegro, Nigeria, Palestina-Gaza, Filipinas, Portugal, Rumania y Serbia). Se evaluó la consistencia interna, la validez discriminante y un análisis factorial confirmatorio de un modelo de cuatro factores que representa los principales síntomas del DSM-5 del PTSD-RI-5
Resultados: La puntuación total de PTSD-RI-5 para toda la muestra reveló una muy buena confiabilidad (α = .92), así como en todos los países incluidos (α varió de .90 a .94). Las correlaciones entre los síntomas de ansiedad/depresión y las puntuaciones del PTSD-RI-5 fueron inferiores a .70, lo que indica una buena validez discriminante. La estructura de cuatro factores de la escala se confirmó para la muestra total y los datos de seis países. Las ponderaciones de regresión estandarizada variaron notablemente para todos los ítems en todos los países. La falta de un modelo aceptable común en todos los países nos impidió realizar pruebas directas de invariancia de medición intercultural.
Conclusiones: La estructura de cuatro factores del PTSD-RI-5 probablemente representa los síntomas centrales del TEPT según lo propuesto por los criterios del DSM-5, pero podría haber elementos interpretados de manera conceptualmente diferente por adolescentes con diferentes orígenes culturales/regionales, y futuras evaluaciones interculturales deben considerar este hallazgo.
背景
背景：#x00A; 儿童和青少年经常接触创伤事件，这可能导致创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。因此，临床医生必须筛查PTSD发病迹象的潜在症状。青年PTSD是一个世界性问题，因此一致使用的筛查工具需要有不同语言版本。目的：本研究的目的是在青少年样本中测试UCLA DSM-5 PTSD 反应指数（PTSD-RI-5）的一般心理测量学特性，PTSD-RI-5是用于筛查创伤暴露和评估PTSD症状的自我报告工具。
方法：收集来自全球11个国家（即巴西，保加利亚，克罗地亚，印度尼西亚，黑山，尼日利亚，巴勒斯坦 - 加沙，菲律宾，葡萄牙，罗马尼亚和塞尔维亚）4201名社区青少年的数据。评估了PTSD-RI-5的内部一致性和区分效度，并进行验证性因子分析考察代表主要症状的四因子模型。
结果：整个样本中（α= .92）和各个国家中（α范围从.90到.94），PTSD-RI-5总分显示出非常好的内部一致性。焦虑/抑郁症状与PTSD-RI-5评分之间的相关性低于.70，表明良好的判别效度。对来自六个国家的子样本和整体样本中，都验证了四因子结构。所有题目的标准化回归权重在各国之间存在显著差异。所有国家缺乏共同的可接受模型使我们无法直接考察跨文化的测量不变性。
结论：PTSD-RI-5的四因素结构可能代表DSM-5提出的PTSD核心症状，但由于来自不同文化/地区背景的青少年可能对有些题目有不同的理解，还需要以后的跨文化研究来验证这个发现
The practical use of psychological information: a theory, and a study in teacher training
No full textBasic principles are linked to each step in what is proposed to be the most desirable way of applying knowledge fully to practical problems of the psyche. A model of the provenance of psychical phenomena is at the core of this. This analysis is used (a) to articulate what should be the roles of psychology and other sources in informing psychical fully – psychology is not necessary and never sufficient, and (b) as a standard to compare existing ways of relating practice to knowledge –the most cost effective use of psychology is to be generously eclectic and to take every step in the standard process. Doing for two practical problems proved feasible and showed that psychology, in the roles it can play and at its best, can provide crucial information for new practitioners, which they would not obtain from non-standard applications or experts in practice
Comparación bilateral del rango de movimiento y la fuerza isométrica máxima del hombro en tenistas amateurs
No full textEn tenistas profesionales se han observado valores inferiores de rango de movimiento de rotación interna (RDM-RI) del hombro y de la ratio de fuerza de rotación externa/interna (F-RE/F-RI) del brazo dominante (empuñadura raqueta) en comparación con el no dominante. Se considera que estas adaptaciones podrían incrementar el riesgo de lesión del hombro. Se conoce poco sobre estas adaptaciones en tenistas de nivel amateur. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar bilateralmente (brazo dominante [BD], frente a no dominante [BND]) el rango de movimiento (RDM) y la fuerza isométrica máxima (F) de los movimientos de rotación del hombro en tenistas amateurs. En trece tenistas amateurs (18-45 años) se midieron el RDM pasivo y la F de rotación interna (RI) y rotación externa (RE) partiendo de la posición: decúbito supino, 90° de abducción de hombro y 90° de flexión de codo. Se compararon los valores del BD y BND mediante T-test de muestras aparejadas. El BD presentó RDM-RI (t = –9.053; p < .001; d = –2.551) y RDM-total (t = –4.429; p < .001; d = –1.228) inferiores en comparación con el BND (ΔRDM-RI = 23.73 %; ΔRDM-total = 8.32 %). También se detectó más F-RI del BD frente al BND (t = 2.344, p = .037, d = .650, ΔF-RI = 9.67 %). Nuestros resultados indican la existencia de adaptaciones unilaterales del hombro, que en otras publicaciones se han expuesto como factores de riesgo de lesión. Contrariamente y a diferencia de las observaciones realizadas en tenistas profesionales en otros estudios, no se encontraron indicadores de riesgo de lesión relacionados con la F
A subjetividade jurídica internacional na história da doutrina brasileira: oposições entre Nação e Estado nos séculos XIX e XX
No full textTCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Direito.Com o objetivo de observar de que maneira a pergunta “quem é o sujeito de direitos na comunidade internacional” foi respondida, ressaltando as oposições entre Nação e Estado, o presente trabalho investigou o pensamento de Pasquale Stanislao Mancini, descrevendo como que, utilizando por fundamento do direito internacional o Princípio da Nacionalidade, o jurista italiano propõe a exclusividade da Nação como sujeito de direito internacional, em oposição ao Estado e de que maneira isto influenciou os autores da escola italiana de direito internacional, em especial Terenzio Mamiami e Pasquale Fiore. A seguir, adentra-se na doutrina brasileira da segunda metade do século XIX para verificar de que forma se deu a oposição entre os conceitos de Nação e Estado. Posteriormente, debruçando-se por sobre o pensamento de Lafayette Rodrigues Pereira e Clóvis Beviláqua, busca-se demonstrar como se tratou a problemática da subjetividade jurídica internacional no Brasil durante o início do século XX. Finalmente, verifica-se qual termo passou a ser adotado majoritariamente pela doutrina brasileira, até se encontrar um autor nacional que não mais defenda o exclusivismo de um ente político em específico, mas, consciente das diversas configurações históricas pelas quais passou a comunidade internacional, aceite uma pluralidade de sujeitos. Busca-se, ainda, ao longo de todo trabalho reforçar as continuidades e rupturas entre os diversos autores analisados, além de se proporem, quando cabíveis, críticas às concepções apresentadas.In order to observe how the question “who is the subject of rights in the international community” was answered, focusing on the contrasts between Nation and State, the present study investigated the thought of Pasquale Stanislao Mancini, describing how, using the Principle of Nationality as the basis of international law, the Italian jurist proposes the exclusivity of the Nation as a subject of international law in opposition to the State and how it influenced the authors of the Italian school of international law, especially Terenzio Mamiami and Pasquale Fiore. Hereafter, enter in the Brazilian doctrine of the second half of the nineteenth century to verify how occurred the opposition between the concepts of Nation and State. Posteriorly, looking at the thought of Lafayette Rodrigues Pereira and Clóvis Beviláqua, we seek to demonstrate how the problem of international juridical subjectivity was treated in Brazil during the early twentieth century. Finally, we verify which term was mostly adopted by Brazilian doctrine, until find a national author who no longer defends the exclusivity of a political entity in specific, but, aware of different historical settings of the international community, accepts a plurality of subjects. We also try throughout the study to highlight the continuities and changes between the various authors analyzed, and to propose, as appropriate, critical to the concepts presented
Studies investigating peripherial blood derived cells that express the high affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (FceRI) in allergic disorders
No full textIt is just forty years since the identification of immunoglobulin E (IgE) as the reagin responsible for
allergen induced immediate hypersensitivity reactions. IgE exerts its biological actions through the
binding of its Fc fragment to specific Fc receptors on effector cells. There are two predominant Fc
receptors for IgE – Fc?RI, which has a very high affinity for IgE and Fc?RII, which shows less avid
binding. For much of the first two decades after the identification of IgE, it was thought that Fc?RI
expression was limited to mast cells and basophils and that IgE binding to other cell types such as Blymphocytes
and antigen presenting cells (APCs) was mainly due to Fc?RII . However with major
advances in characterisation and functional knowledge of Fc?RI, particularly in the last fifteen years, it
has become apparent that Fc?RI can be expressed on several more cell types that may be involved in
initiation and maintenance of allergic inflammation – including APCs (monocytes and dendritic cells)
and possibly eosinophils.The research described in the four papers forming this thesis was completed during this period and
evaluated Fc?RI expression on different cell types, their potential roles in allergen induced
inflammatory responses and whether successful therapeutic strategies for allergic disorders may
involve actions on Fc?RI+ cells. The relative expression of Fc?RI on peripheral blood basophils,
monocytes and eosinophils from atopic and non-atopic subjects and any relationship with serum IgE
concentrations was assessed in the first paper. The second study examined a potentially important role
for basophils as a cellular source of rapidly releasable IL-4 which may help initiate allergen induced
TH2 responses. The next study investigated the possible effects on allergen induced early and late
asthmatic responses of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A which had been shown both to
inhibit mast cell and basophil degranulation and cytokine secretion (particularly by CD4+ T-cells). The
final study evaluated Fc?RI expression on these cell types as well humoral factors (e.g. seasonal
changes in allergen specific IgG and IgE) in subjects who, after 3 to 4 years of grass pollen
immunotherapy, had continued on either active or placebo immunotherapy for a further 3 years.A historical perspective explaining some of the reasons the studies were done is provided in the
introductory chapter whilst the discussion chapter at the end reviews how many of the findings of the
study have evolved in subsequent years right up to the present day and finishes off with a brief
synopsis of how rapidly increasing knowledge of the regulatory functions of dendritic cells (expressing
Fc?RI and often monocyte derived) has resulted in better understanding of the mechanisms of allergen
specific immunotherapy and is leading to more effective treatment modalities
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