1,081 research outputs found
Hepatitis Type B Virus DNA (HBV DNA) and Patients Receiving Hemodialysis:Correlation with Other HBV Serological Markers
No full textA study on Ken Liu's translation with the application of rewriting theory
No full textThe year of 2015 and 2016 saw the achievements made by The Three-Body Problem and Folding Beijing, marking the historic occasion of Chinese science fiction in the world stage and their success has brought Chinese science fiction from marginalisation to the center. Ken Liu, a Chinese American translator, is arguably the largest contributor of the Chinese science fiction's publicity in the overseas market. Whereas a previous focus on Ken Liu's successful translation fixated on translation strategies concerning linguistics, the non-textual factors have been ignored since few in-depth studies were carried out in this field. This study makes an analysis of Ken Liu's translation works in different periods on the basis of André Lefevere's rewriting theory, aiming to finding out to what extent patronage and ideology influence Ken Liu’s choices in re-writing (or not re-writing) as a translation strategy.The Three-Body Problem was not only known for its literary merit but also its background of Cultural Revolution; while Folding Beijing implies pungent conflicts among different social class. Besides two Hugo awarded books, the author selected another one, The Waste Tides, that included amounts of sensitive content concerning China and the US. The analysis is divided into two main parts, the manipulation of ideology and that of patronage on the rewritten and not rewritten parts in this three books. An in-depth analysis reveals that patronage, particularly Tor Books and Science Fiction World, comes first in supporting Ken Liu's decision to make his translation work public, resulting in his dominance over the decision to rewrite or not rewrite the original. The influence of Ken Liu's ideology, which is divided into two components in terms of politics and the world at large, can be traced back to his interviews in which his Americanism and view of history were mentioned. Such Americanism and an objective view of history have allowed him to make clarification and even addition to the original, and uphold a just attitude towards big events occurred in the world. The findings of the study show that as cultural communication speed up, the manipulation of ideology and patronage play a essential role in promoting a literary work in the international market.Master of Arts (Translation and Interpretation
Investigation of Package Parasitic on the Performance of SAW Filter
No full textBecause SAW filters are small, high reliability, and it cannot be easily integrated with silicon substrate, they have become one of the most popular communication passive components recently. As the working frequency becomes higher, SAW filters are more sensitive to electromagnetic interference introduced by the package. Discrepancy in performance between design and measurement can be large if the packing effects are not considered.
In this thesis, we make use of Finite Difference Time Domain method (FDTD) and develop a procedure combining High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) with ADS software to simulate electromagnetic effect of a packaged SAW Filter. This is a full-wave method that integrates electromagnetic wave and acoustic wave. Measurement is also carried out to verify the simulated results. Preliminary results show that this method that we provide can predict frequency response in package effectively. Our Prediction can save factory design time and production cost
Implementing Temporary LED Construction Lighting
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2017-06LED lighting technology is continuing to grow and change every 6 months. While other manufacturers and consumers are finding creative ways to implement them in their products and everyday life, the construction industry has yet to widely adopt and embrace the technology as a temporary lighting source on their projects. Although initially expensive when compared with other construction lighting systems, the cost of LEDs is decreasing while improvements in LED luminaire efficiency increases. Furthermore, the energy, maintenance, and safety benefits of a temporary LED lighting system may be an overlooked consideration for general contractors and subcontractors as (1) the information has yet to be thoroughly studied and targeted at the construction industry, (2) initial costs of entry may be prohibitive when compared with older sources of luminance, and/or (3) general contractors and subcontractors may be satisfied with the status quo. Unfortunately, improvements in temporary lighting technology for building construction have been neglected academically and within the construction industry. However, the objective of this thesis is to serve as a guide by looking at the safety, energy and maintenance benefits of LED construction lighting, through literature review, lessons learned from two case studies, and independent investigation by the author. Literature review will provide a background on how LEDs work, what traditional lighting is, who regulates quality of luminance on jobsites, and how lighting affects the safety and health of workers. 2 Next, the thesis incorporates two case studies, both of which were conducted at the behest of the University of Washington’s (UW) Capital Planning and Development office (CPD). The first case study was generated in 2014. The study, written by UW Construction Management graduate student Yi Jie Huang, focused on the temporary construction lighting at the UW’s Bothell Phase 3 Project. The report looks at: (1) the system’s installation method; (2) labor, material, and energy cost; (3) stakeholder interviews; and (4) a qualitative survey of the workers. The second case study, written by UW Construction Management and Occupational Safety and Health graduate student Christopher Mak, further updates the UW’s narrative on LED lighting, and illustrates the history and reasoning behind implementing low-voltage LEDs on their projects. The report homes in on the LED utilization at the UW’s Animal Research and Care Facility (ARCF) construction site. Like the report on the Bothell Phase 3 project, the second case study looks at: (1) installation method; (2) labor, material, and energy costs; and (3) conducts a qualitative survey of workers. Finally, the author ran three quantitative studies looking at light levels, energy use, and lighting quality. Data collected is displayed and interpreted within. The final issue the author looks at is the possibility of glare, which arose during qualitative data analysis of both case studies’ responses. Glare emanating from white LEDs is a potential safety hazard and an environmental quality problem. Moreover, defining hazardous amounts of glare can be subjective and hard to quantify. The author implements a glare quantifying methodology using HDR photography, and uses the technique to gauge the quality of light emanating from ARCF’s new LEDs. The thesis concludes with lessons learned regarding how users can better implement temporary LED lighting to their full benefit from the trials and tribulations experienced by the UW, observations made by the author, and from the Seattle City Light inspection and energy incentive process
Industrial Development and Changes in the Structure of Foreign Trade: The Experience of the Republic of China in Taiwan, 1946-66 (Développement de l'industrie et modification de la structure du commerce extérieur: le cas de la République de Chine (Taïwan ou Formose), 1946-66) (El desarrollo industrial y los cambios en la estructura del comercio exterior: la experiencia de la República de China en Taiwán, 1946-66)
No full textL'auteur examine comment Formose, au lendemain de la guerre, a réussi à passer du stade d'exportateur de produits primaires à celui d'exportateur de produits manufacturés et finis, ce qui illustre les résultats qu'il est possible d'obtenir en adoptant un système de production répondant à la faible superficie du pays, à la médiocrité de ses ressources naturelles et à l'intensité des pressions démographiques qui s'y exercent. Tout d'abord, grâce à l'agriculture, à l'industrie, à l'infrastructure et au cadre institutionnel relativement bien développés hérités du régime colonial, l'économie, dans les années qui ont suivi la guerre, a pu progresser sur une base solide. Par ailleurs, le fait que l'énorme excédent d'exportation de la balance commerciale ait disparu pour faire place à un déficit important provoqué par la perte du marché japonais jusqu'alors assuré -- facteur auquel il faut ajouter l'immigration massive en provenance de la Chine Continentale les premières années de l'après-guerre -- imposa la nécessité de développer l'industrie pour remplacer les importations. Néanmoins, l'impulsion ainsi imprimée à la croissance industrielle s'était apparemment considérablement ralentie à la fin des années cinquante, ce qui a amené les autorités à réviser les politiques suivies en matière de change et de protection douanière. Les mesures qui furent alors prises ont créé un climat favorable à l'expansion des exportations de produits manufacturés et à une croissance industrielle rapide au cours des années soixante. De l'avis de l'auteur, cette expansion des exportations a été facilitée par le fait que Formose avait déjà atteint un stade intermédiaire de développement, ce qui lui a permis d'entretenir un double courant d'exportations, exportant aux pays moins développés des marchandises dont la production exige un investissement relativement élevé en capital, et aux pays plus développés des articles dont la production nécessite comparativement beaucoup de main-d'Å“uvre. Il est devenu toutefois de plus en plus difficile d'accroître les exportations vers les pays moins développés, ceux-ci ayant eux-mêmes réussi à produire davantage et à importer moins; par ailleurs, les dimensions limitées de l'économie nationale permettent difficilement d'intensifier la production d'articles de base nécessitant des investissements élevés. Il est plus facile d'augmenter les exportations vers les pays développés car celles-ci s'inscrivent dans le cadre de relations commerciales d'un caractère plus complémentaire. Une des conclusions qui se dégagent de cette étude, c'est que les pays ayant des économies du même type que Taïwan ont intérêt comme lui à orienter leur production vers les articles les plus demandés dans les pays développés, de manière à poursuivre leur croissance économique en développant leurs exportations. /// La transformación experimentada por Taiwán--que, de exportador de productos primarios se convirtió en exportador de manufacturas y productos elaborados durante los decenios posteriores a la guerra--se analiza en este trabajo como un ejemplo de selección acertada del patrón de producción que correspondÃa adoptar en una región pequeña, dotada de recursos naturales limitados y que confronta severas presiones demográficas. En primer lugar, el hecho de que ya se contara con una agricultura relativamente avanzada y con una industria, una infraestructura y un sistema institucional, legados todos del régimen colonial, proporcionó bases firmes para el desarrollo económico de la posguerra. En segundo término, el hecho de que la balanza comercial de Taiwán pasara de un voluminoso superávit de exportación a un déficit considerable al perderse el mercado de exportación que se tenÃa asegurado en el Japón, asà como la densa inmigración proveniente de la China Continental que ocurrió a principios del perÃodo posbélico, crearon una oportunidad para la expansión de las actividades fabriles con miras a producir bienes que sustituyesen a las importaciones. Sin embargo, parece que el impulso que adquirió el crecimiento industrial en virtud de este proceso se habÃa perdido en gran parte ya para fines del decenio 1950, y la polÃticas proteccionistas y cambiarias del paÃs fueron objeto de nuevos análisis. Las polÃticas que se pusieron en práctica entonces ofrecieron un marco favorable para el aumento de las exportaciones de manufacturas asà como para un rápido crecimiento industrial durante el decenio 1960. Se sugiere que la etapa intermedia de desarrollo en que se encontraba Taiwán facilitó la expansión de las exportaciones porque le permitió al paÃs mantener la dualidad de la estructura de éstas, o sea, seguir exportando a los paÃses menos desarrollados bienes cuya producción requiere un coeficiente de capital relativamente alto, y a los paÃses desarrollados bienes que requieren un coeficiente relativamente alto de mano de obra. Sin embargo, se ha tornado cada vez más difÃcil conseguir que continúen aumentando las exportaciones a los paÃses menos desarrollados, en razón de que dichos paÃses van avanzando en la sustitución de importaciones y porque el desarrollo en Taiwán de industrias de productos básicos que requieren un alto coeficiente de capital se halla obstaculizado por las reducidas dimensiones de la economÃa. Le expansión de las exportaciones a los paÃses desarrollados, en cambio, resulta más fácil debido a que en las relaciones comerciales con esos paÃses media un mayor grado de complementación recÃproca. Esto sugiere, entre otras cosas, que convendrÃa que Taiwán y las economÃas de Ãndole similar optaran por darle a su producción la configuración que favorezca la elaboración de los productos que son objeto de mayor demanda en los paÃses desarrollados, a fin de mantener el crecimiento económico mediante una expansión de las exportaciones.
Mad3 KEN boxes mediate both Cdc20 and Mad3 turnover, and are critical for the spindle checkpoint
Get PDFMitotic progression is controlled by proteolytic destruction of securin and cyclin. The mitotic E3 ubiquitin ligase, known as the anaphase promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C), in partnership with its activators Cdc20p and Cdh1p, targets these proteins for degradation. In the presence of defective kinetochore-microtubule interactions, APC/C(Cdc20) is inhibited by the spindle checkpoint, thereby delaying anaphase onset and providing more time for spindle assembly. Cdc20p interacts directly with Mad2p, and its levels are subject to careful regulation, but the precise mode(s) of APC/C( Cdc20) inhibition remain unclear. The mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC, consisting of Mad3p, Mad2p, Bub3p and Cdc20p in budding yeast) is a potent APC/C inhibitor. Here we focus on Mad3p and how it acts, in concert with Mad2p, to efficiently inhibit Cdc20p. We identify and analyse the function of two motifs in Mad3p, KEN30 and KEN296, which are conserved from yeast Mad3p to human BubR1. These KEN amino acid sequences resemble 'degron' signals that confer interaction with APC/C activators and target proteins for degradation. We show that both Mad3p KEN boxes are necessary for spindle checkpoint function. Mutation of KEN30 abolished MCC formation and stabilised Cdc20p in mitosis. In addition, mutation of Mad3-KEN30, APC/C subunits, or Cdh1p, stabilised Mad3p in G1, indicating that the N-terminal KEN box could be a Mad3p degron. To determine the significance of Mad3p turnover, we analysed the consequences of MAD3 overexpression and found that four-fold overproduction of Mad3p led to chromosome bi-orientation defects and significant chromosome loss during recovery from anti-microtubule drug induced checkpoint arrest. In conclusion, Mad3p KEN30 mediates interactions that regulate the proteolytic turnover of Cdc20p and Mad3p, and the levels of both of these proteins are critical for spindle checkpoint signaling and high fidelity chromosome segregation
Design optimization of NEMS switches for suspended-gate single-electron transistor applications
Get PDFDual origins of dairy cattle farming--evidence from a comprehensive survey of European Y-chromosomal variation
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Diversity patterns of livestock species are informative to the history of agriculture and indicate uniqueness of breeds as relevant for conservation. So far, most studies on cattle have focused on mitochondrial and autosomal DNA variation. Previous studies of Y-chromosomal variation, with limited breed panels, identified two Bos taurus (taurine) haplogroups (Y1 and Y2; both composed of several haplotypes) and one Bos indicus (indicine/zebu) haplogroup (Y3), as well as a strong phylogeographic structuring of paternal lineages. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Haplogroup data were collected for 2087 animals from 138 breeds. For 111 breeds, these were resolved further by genotyping microsatellites INRA189 (10 alleles) and BM861 (2 alleles). European cattle carry exclusively taurine haplotypes, with the zebu Y-chromosomes having appreciable frequencies in Southwest Asian populations. Y1 is predominant in northern and north-western Europe, but is also observed in several Iberian breeds, as well as in Southwest Asia. A single Y1 haplotype is predominant in north-central Europe and a single Y2 haplotype in central Europe. In contrast, we found both Y1 and Y2 haplotypes in Britain, the Nordic region and Russia, with the highest Y-chromosomal diversity seen in the Iberian Peninsula. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that the homogeneous Y1 and Y2 regions reflect founder effects associated with the development and expansion of two groups of dairy cattle, the pied or red breeds from the North Sea and Baltic coasts and the spotted, yellow or brown breeds from Switzerland, respectively. The present Y1-Y2 contrast in central Europe coincides with historic, linguistic, religious and cultural boundaries.
- …
