1,721,011 research outputs found
Capturing public knowledge and awareness from data models and policies to build research links between EU and US ocean research
No full textCapturing the complexities of the common research challenges both the EU and US face is a goal of public policies when using as a framework the global risks posed by marine litter, particularly plastics. To turn the theory of industry 5.0 into practice, the full participation of all actors concerned with the use of ocean space could be useful to design research links between the initiatives launched by the European Commission and the American Federal Government. The chapter indicates that while a common data model is defined by the US Federal Agency specialized in dealing with the marine environment, the European focus is on interoperability between State Members. The research raises awareness on the marine plastic problem by recognizing that ocean literacy is critical to educate the public. Moreover, an examination concerning the discovery of these data (where this kind of marine litter data can be found), their access (confidentiality, intellectual propriety rights), and use (by the public sector, fisheries sector) are also offered in this study.Peer reviewe
Evolution of the Legal Status of Oceanographic Data Management in Europe
No full textThis chapter provides an overview of ocean data legislation in the context of EU maritime policy. Its analyses give an insight into the implementation of the regulations, directives, decisions, and recommendations that address the European Union's approach to the management of its ocean resources. Methods adopted by European legislators to foster collaboration and innovation and harness ocean data to inform policymakers and other stakeholders are discussed. It provides an overview of how the EU has adapted its legal framework to the changing landscape of data management in ocean research and resource management. This insight is given within the specific geographical context of the European Atlantic and Mediterranean regions, allowing readers to understand how these legal responses to the data revolution impact their seas. This chapter could be a valuable resource for those interested in the particular interplay between regulations, data, and the changing landscape of fisheries management in the European Union.Peer reviewe
Clinical Diagnosis and Cancer Probe: A History of Unity and Mass Migration
No full textPaper presented at the 8th International Conference ESHS (European Society for the History of Science) 2018 scheduled for 14–17 September in London.In 1964 the mobility of Spanish biochemists from Europe to the United States resulted in a simple method to estimate the molecular weight of proteins (SDS-Page). Five years before, the idea that modifications of DNA-histones binding stopped RNA synthesis came at the hand of Vincent G. Allfrey in 1959. The discovery showed crucial and its interaction with the notable Spanish research program in US provided a new direction for the design of cancer diagnostic probes. In 1985, Manuel Perucho unified this view with the relevance of the polymerase that synthesizes DNA and RNA, in a method to detect single point mutations in oncogenic genes. It is ex-pected to expose here the history of this useful approach who sought to use histone modifications in cancer clinical practice.Peer reviewe
A Profile of Professor Akira Tsugita (1928‒2007)
No full textThis study searches to explore the contribution of Japanese scientist Akira Tsugita to the research in molecular biology and his determination to develop a career in Europe. In the mid twentieth century, together with Fraenkel-Conrat, and in line with Sangerʼs experiment on insulin, Tsugita determined the number of nucleotides per amino acid in the tobacco mosaic virus DNA, noting three amino acid differences. A triplet code was assumed. As a consequence, in 1961 Tsugita began his unusual Japanese‒European liaison with his attendance to the Fifth International Congress of Biochemistry in Moscow. By 1966, he defined the mechanism of frameshift mutations and the structure of the T4 phage genome working at Streisingerʼs laboratory in Cold Spring Harbor. This provided him with the opportunity of leaving for Cambridge, England, where he discussed the structure of T4 phage acridine dye mutants with Sydney Brenner. Tsugita moved to Europe, as a visiting Lecturer on leave of absence from the Osaka University at the University of Basel (1972‒78) at first, and then as part of the staff of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg (1978‒1985), to establish and promote standards in DNA sequencing.N
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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