1,721,063 research outputs found
Legal nature of indirect discrimination in the Polish and British system of labor law
No full textPrzedmiotem artykułu jest instytucja dyskryminacji pośredniej. Autor analizuje kryteria stosowania tej instytucji w prawie polskim. Punktem odniesienia dla przeprowadzonych rozważań są regulacje prawa brytyjskiego i konstrukcja dyskryminacji pośredniej zawarta w brytyjskim Equality Act. Autor rozważa również, w jakich sytuacjach różnicowanie pracowników nie powinno być potraktowane jako przejaw dyskryminacji. Szczególnej analizie poddano przypadki, w których różnicowanie pracowników uznawane jest za proporcjonalne. Autor wskazuje, że aby można było uznać różnicowanie za proporcjonalne, powinno ono odpowiadać rzeczywistym potrzebom pracodawcy, a użyte środki muszą być odpowiednie i konieczne w świetle zakładanego celu.The subject of the article is the institution of indirect discrimination. The author analyzes the criteria for the application of this institution in Polish law. The point of reference for the considerations carried out are the regulations of British law and the construction of indirect discrimination contained in the British Equality Act. The author also considers in what situations differentiation of employees should not be treated as a manifestation of discrimination. Particular analysis is given to cases in which differentiation of employees is considered proportional. The author points out that in order for differentiation to be considered proportional, it should meet the real needs of the employer, and the means used must be appropriate and necessary in light of the intended purpose
Posted workers from EU countries and trade union rights
Full text linkThe subject of the study is the assessment of the ability of trade unions operating in Polish workplaces to represent workers posted to Poland by foreign employers. The author presents the above issue in the context of international standards and constitutional regulations. The subject of the study is also the assessment of the possibility of joining trade unions operating at the employer at the host country by the posted workers
Obowiązek „dalszego zatrudnienia” regulowany art. 7555 Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego jako forma zabezpieczenia powództwa (byłego) pracownika
Full text linkIn his work, the author describes and evaluates the institution of securing labour claims by imposing an obligation on the employer to continue employing the employee until the proceedings have become final, introduced in Art. 7555 of the Civil Procedure Code. First, a description of the legal nature of the new type of security is made. In the next part, the author defines the catalogue of entities entitled to benefit from the security of Art. 7555 of the Civil Procedure Code, analysing the concept of an employee subject to special protection against termination of the employment relationship with or without notice. In addition, the study fleshes out the formal issues related to the application for security under Art. 7555 of the Civil Procedure Code and the issuance of an order granting such security. This is followed by a consideration of the permissibility of amending a security order that has been issued, and an analysis of the concept of “continued employment,” particularly in terms of what the obligation to continue employment means for the employer and what is the legal status of the entitled person during the period of security. The author also presents the issue of the compulsory execution of the issued security order and indicated when the security ceases. The work also considers the issue of the permissibility of the termination of the employment relationship established in the execution of the freezing order under Art. 7555 of the Civil Procedure Code. In addition, the author discusses in his considerations the rules of settlement between the parties when the action of the employee-author is dismissed. Also included are comments on the applicability of the provisions of Art. 7555 of the Civil Procedure Code to a change notice. Finally, the author evaluates the institution of security under Art. 7555 of the Civil Procedure Code, in which, while referring positively to the very concept of introducing a means of protecting employee claims, he points out the critically assessed aspects of the new regulation
Constitutional Law as an Instrument for Social Protection in Sweden
Full text linkSocial protection could refer to both social security and labour rights. From a Swedish perspective the notion social protection in the first instance refers to social security rights. This paper will in the main deal with social security rights, but some words will also be said about labour rights
The concept of the real employer and collective agreements concluded by local government units
No full textRozdział skupia się na zagadnieniu możliwości uznania jednostek samorządu terytorialnego za pracodawcę rzeczywistego pracowników pracujących w podmiotach podległych samorządowi. Podjęto próbę określenia, jakie warunki muszą być spełnione, aby uznać dany podmiot za pracodawcę rzeczywistego, a także jakie będzie to niosło konsekwencje dla porozumień zawieranych z przedstawicielami pracowników. Autor wskazuje na możliwość uznania takich porozumień za źródła prawa pracy i konsekwencje z tym związane dla prowadzonego na szczeblu regionalnym dialogu społecznego.The chapter focuses on the issue of the possibility of recognizing local government units as the actual employer of employees working in entities operating within the local government. The chapter aims at determining what conditions must be met in order to recognize a given entity as an actual employer, as well as what will be the consequences of this recognition for agreements concluded with employees’ representatives. The author points to the potential possibility of recognizing such agreements as sources of labor law and the related consequences for the social dialogue conducted at the regional level
Overview of recent cases before the European court of human rights (December 2017 – August 2018)
Full text linkThe (Revised) European Social Charter as the international standard protecting the rights resulting from the social security system in the period of economic and social transfer
No full textThe article analyzes the rights in the area of social security resulting from the European Social Charter and the Revised European Social Charter. The study presents both standards resulting directly from the provisions of the above-mentioned treaties as well as requirements interpreted by the European Committee of Social Rights. Particular attention was paid to the guarantees of the social security system and protection of entitled persons in the event of the necessity to limit the level of granted benefits, especially in the event of an economic crisis
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