1,721,044 research outputs found
“Why did she love her mother’s so?”: L.E.L. Forging Corinne
No full text在十九世紀上半葉歐洲社會對於童話、民間故事的蒐集益加熱烈，民間傳說甚至被視為國族文化的基礎，特別是有關美人魚的傳說逐漸成為跨文化的神話典型之一。此類傳說由政治寓言的縮影，如法國中古傳奇《梅律欣》，轉型為浪漫個人主體追求的代言，如安徒生的《小美人魚》與斯黛夫人的《蔻琳，義大利》。英國女詩人蘭登將梅律欣半人半魚的混雜身體嫁接在蔻琳的聲音上，企求在文學商品化的時代脈動中，鑄煉自身文學的威信，能與當代女詩人的另一典範，有著?虔敬母親?之稱的賀曼絲並駕齊驅。蘭登的自我定義分為三個階段：第一、在〈即興女詩人〉一詩中，蘭登將女詩人蔻琳的即興表演發揮地淋漓盡致，更利用詩人聲音稍縱即逝的特性，她得以擊破流行文學雜誌與年鑑以視覺為賣點的策略。第二、在〈噴泉仙女〉一詩中，蘭登將市場對女性詩人兜售身體的要求，透過梅律欣身體的三重展演，轉化為對她們文字的珍視。第三、〈蔻琳在米賽納角〉一詩則具體而微地體現蘭登如何巧用視覺機制突顯文字的優勢，為斯黛夫人筆下失去義大利詩歌本真的蔻琳賦予聲音。本論文探討蘭登如何與斯黛夫人與賀曼絲這兩位?文學母親?的詩學遺產較勁，以梅律欣的?混合嫁妝?譬喻自己在十九世紀文學商業化潮流下的掙扎。The early decades of the nineteenth century witnessed a renewed interest in the folklore of the mermaid. This period of intensified nation-building and pursuit of individual spirit gradually shifted the political concerns of the medieval romance, such as in the French legend of M?lusine, to the struggle of Romantic author, such as in Corinne, or Italy (1807) by Germaine de Sta?l. Corinne, an improvisatrice of hybrid origin becomes a model for women writers in the nineteenth century. Their responses can be summed up in the polarized paradigm of the poetess represented by Felicia Dorothea Hemans, “the pious mother,” and Letitia Elizabeth Landon, the pretty verse maker.
Landon’s self-definition as a poetess against the model of Corinne develops in three phases in which she adjusts her alignment with her foremothers and finally finds a way out of the impasse bequeathed by them, namely the overwhelming emphasis on the body. First, in “The Improvisatrice,” Landon exploits Corinne’s performative art to exude the visual confines demanded by the popular periodicals and gift annuals. Second, in “The Fairy of the Fountains,” she adapts the matrilineal legend of M?lusine by crafting the word rather than the body of the Fairy into the crux of transgression. Third, in “Corinne at the Cape of Misena,” Landon uses her translation of Corinne’s last song to reinstate her virtuosity. This paper seeks to delineate the ways in which Landon forges her own authority as a new Corinne by capitalizing on the “mingled dower” of M?lusine
Occurrence and Management of Papaya Diseases after Natural Disaster
No full text為避免蚜蟲傳播木瓜輪點病毒，網室栽培已為台灣最普遍的木瓜栽培模式，台灣因位處颱風帶，颱風來襲期間的強風豪雨，網室次次掀網，均成為木瓜果疫病、木瓜黑腐病、木瓜輪點病、木瓜畸葉嵌紋病、木瓜炭疽病、木瓜蒂腐病等病原入侵的最佳時機。預防勝於治療，為減輕風災及豪雨對網室栽培木瓜帶來嚴重的損失，應選擇避風處、地勢高、土壤通氣性及排水良好地栽植，或設置防風林或防風網，做好排水工程，慎選種植時期，採行倒株栽培，提高植株抗風能力。災後木瓜病害管理需注意園區排水及整畦、田間衛生管理、設施修復、受損植株管理及藥劑防治等工作，以減少果實的損失。
Due to the devastations of papaya ring spot virus , cultivation of papaya in the net house is almost a no choice practice in Taiwan. Taiwan is located typhoon area, and papaya is grown all year round, the net house is easily broken out by typhoon /tropical storms or heavy rains which resulted in the severe occurrence of Phytophthora fruit rot , black rot , ring spot virus , leaf distortion mosaic virus, anthracnose and stem-end rot. In order to reduce the loss from natural disaster, such as typhoon, selection of the planting site to avoid strong wind plus good drainage and soil aeration is very important. If possible, the use of wind-break and enforcement of the net house strength are also very important. In order to reduce the devastating of diseases after typhoons, several practices such drainage, field sanitation, repairing of the net house, and spreading of necessary fungicides are key factors to ensure the production of papaya fruits
Tainted Milk or Diluted Subject: Breast-feeding in Ennui and Belinda
No full text隨著家庭逐漸成為社會經濟與情感道德的基本單位，有關天生或養育的辯論激化了母親哺乳運動，啟蒙論述重要的一環—教育—更加集中焦點在女性的胸
部。此論文企圖釐清在愛爾蘭作家愛芝渥斯兩部小說《憂鬱》與《柏玲達》中哺
育造成小孩與母親的複雜情結。這兩部小說均勾勒出主角如何認清並接受自身角
色的曲折過程。兩部小說均創作於法國大革命之後，愛芝渥斯承認中產階級的工
作倫理與母親的社會職責，確是國家健康與穩定的雙重支柱。但女性哺育的主
題允許愛芝渥斯從內部挑戰啟蒙論述。透過此主題，愛芝渥斯與女性主義的先
驅渥斯東克麗芙特展開對話，愛芝渥斯在《憂鬱》中將理性與其逆反成分相互揉
雜，並在《柏玲達》中呈現母性的表演本質。這兩部小說似乎製造出「嬰兒處
方奶」，幫助愛芝渥斯探究書中角色在文化、社會、與私我層面的改革過程中如
何調適自我。The Enlightenment discourse of education centers on the bosom of woman as the
family gradually becomes a basic sentimental and moral unit of the society and the
debate between nature and nurture fuels the campaign of maternal suckling. This
paper aims to gauge the implications of breast-feeding as they are presented in Maria
Edgeworth’s novels, on the child and the nation in Ennui and on the mother in
Belinda. These two novels are chosen for investigation for four-fold connections:
protagonist in disguise, issues related to breast-feeding, medical case study and
self-reflexivity. The two novels chart the protagonists’ journey toward reconciliation
with their true selves: the Anglo-Irish Lord Glenthorn, after recognizing the Irish
nurse as his real mother, relinquishes and regains his title and estate in Ennui; Lady
Delacour recovers from her breast wound while coming to terms with her true mission
as the heart of the sentimental network in Belinda. Written in the wake of the
French Revolution, these two novels acknowledge the bourgeois ethics of work and
motherhood as twin pillars of national health and security. The focus on
breast-feeding allows Edgeworth to challenge the Enlightenment discourse from
within. In Ennui, Edgeworth neutralizes the contamination of milk/speech/blood by
revealing the wet nurse as the mother. The conflation of nurse and mother prepares
her blueprint of the modern Ireland, in which the purely bred Irish gentry incorporates
English professionalism. On the other hand, in Belinda, she allows Lady Delacour
to retain her subjectivity from complete compromise or “dilution” though ensconced
within domestic ideology. This paper seeks to show how Maria Edgeworth
negotiates her attitudes toward women’s obligations in a dialogue with Mary Wollstonecraft
by refracting the rational dictum via blending contradictory proponents in
Ennui and by foregrounding self-conscious performativity in Belinda. It is this magic“formula” (a term borrowed from modern industry of infant diet) that enables her
exploration into the characters whose reformation centers on the bosom of women
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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