926 research outputs found
The concept of peace in the Tao Te Ching
Get PDFThis thesis represents a first attempt to analyze Lao Tzu's main method of resolving the social and political problems in Ch'un Ch'iu and Warring States Periods. Lao Tzu, the founder of Taoism, suggested many solutions that could bring an end to the conflicts and to the ending of the disunity of China. Examples of these include the reform or abolishment of some ancient Chinese institutions as well as new principles for the enhancement and preservation of life. All these ideas were to become crystallised in Tao Te Ch'ing, which became an important religious text. In particular, the aspect of Lao Tzu's methods for solving the social and political problems of China in the Warring States Period needs more attention. In each chapter of the Tao Te Ch'ing there was a main emphasis on peace as the main method of developing social cohesion and as a cure to all fundamental human problems. Therefore, Lao Tzu's ideas about peace and his methods of solving the problems of the Warring States period are significant and from the main focus of the thesis
Comparison of Profitability and Marketability Between Hi-Tech and Traditional Industries in Taiwan-- The Application of Data Envelopment Analysis
No full textCase Studies on Transferring Technologies of Agribusiness-scale Production and Marketing of Asparagus and Mushrooms to Indonesia
No full textAgriculture is the main stay and the largest sector of Indonesia’s economy. Efforts have been made by the government of Indonesia to enhance food production to feed ever-increasing population in the country. Taiwan has enjoyed a high agricultural productivity through developed modern agricultural technologies in recent years. The transfer of Taiwan experienced agricultural technologies to the needy nations, becomes an important program of international technical cooperation of the ROC on Taiwan in the past 40 years.
At the request of the Indonesian government, Taiwan dispatched the Agricultural Technical Missions to Surabaya and Yogykata Provinces to help boost agricultural production in May 1976. Taiwan-assisted production of food crops and vegetables (rice, soybeans, and corn) boosted the Indonesian economy. In July 1995, Dr. Paul Min-hsien Sun, Chairman of the ROC Council of Agriculture, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Dr. Sjahrifudin Baharsjah, Indonesian Minister of Agriculture for a new phase of agricultural cooperation between the ROC on Taiwan and Indonesia. Taiwan agreed to transfer agribusiness-related knowledge and technology to the farmers in rural communities, and promote joint investment in the production, processing, and marketing of agricultural commodities.
Based on the MOU, the ROC Agricultural Technical Mission carried out cooperative projects on asparagus and mushroom production in Central Java Province. Mr. Kung-Chu Wu, an asparagus expert from Taiwan, organized the farmers in Boloyali County into six asparagus production and marketing teams. The farmers earned US 186,606 from annual harvest of the wood-ear mushrooms. Plastic bag processing station earned a total of US 7,333/year. The amount of income from Marketing through Farmer¡¦s Cooperatives totaled US 354,000/year. These are successful stories of technology transfer through international technical cooperation, jointly executed by various parties in Taiwan and Indonesia
Analysis of battles between Wu and Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period
No full textThe research focuses on significant historical events within the 125 years from Duke Xuan of Lu (\ue9\uad\uaf\ue5\uae\ua3\ue5\uac)(608 B.C.)to Duke Ai of Lu(\ue9\uad\uaf\ue5\ue5\uac)(473B.C.) when the country of Wu(\ue5\ub3\ue5) has fallen. The research includes lists and diagrams illustrating the battles. The research also clearly defines the diplomatic relations and the battle process. In the beginning, Chu is more powerful than Wu. Wu is ruled by Chu. However, Wu has a good chance to form an alliance with Jin(\ue6\ue5). The battle of Wu and Chu is a result of the power struggle between Jin and Chu. Wu has a geographical advantage over Chu and has diplomatic relation with Jin. Kings of Wu in successive dynasties select personnel wisely until King Helu of Wu (\ue9\ue5\ubb\uac\ue6\ue6).This period demonstrates national prestige of Wu. Contrary to Wu, Chu grows weaker in time due to internal problems. Wuchen, Duke of Shen(\ue7\ub3\ue5\uac\ue5\ub7\uab\ue8\ua3), joined Jin. And, Wu Zixu(\ue4\ubc\ue5\uad\ue8\ua5) is casted away to Wu. Because of the loss of manpower, Chu can not compete with Jin. Chu supports Yue(\ue8\ub6\ue5) and makes Yue compete with Wu. Wu is made to compete with Yue in the late Spring and Autumn period(\ue6\ua5\ue7\ua7\ue6\ue6). Wu being destroyed by Yue has a great influence on the late Spring and Autumn period.The key to the conflict between Wu and Chu is Battle of Boju. In the Battle of Boju(\ue6\ue8\ue4\ub9\ue6\ub0), Chu is defeated and, in turn, causes the loss of the city of YingYu(\ue9\ua2\ue9\ubd) and the retreat of King Zhao of Chu(\ue6\ua5\ue6\uad\ue7). Winning the Battle of Boju is a great victory for Wu. Later, Qin(\ue7\ua7\ua6\ue5) sends troops to help Chu to defeat Wu. Wu is unstable at thistime and is forced to retreat. As for diplomatic strategies, Chu can not maintain the manpower. As compared to Chu, Wu has a slight advantage over Chu. King Fu Chai of Wu (\ue5\ub3\ue7\ue5\ua4\uab\ue5\ub7\uae) reaches his prime during the Huang Chi Meeting (\ue9\ubb\ue6\ub1\ua0\ue4\ub9\ue6). As for the use of manpower, comparing King Helu and Fu Chai of Wu with the king and Lingyin of Chu(\ue4\ubb\ua4\ue5\ub0\ub9), it can be seen that the wins and the losses between Wu and Chu are due to internal causes. The research includes geographical illustrations of battle areas. And, the dynamics of the battles between Wu and Chu around Yangtze River and Huai River Basin (\ue9\ub7\ue6\ub1\ue6\ub7\uae\ue6\ub0\ub4\ue6\ub5\ue5)is analysed
In Discussing with the Relationship between Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Obesity and Their Family Diet Leader for Junior High School Adolescents in Yilan
No full text研究目的
過去對於青少年肥胖的研究，大部分集中於心理影響行為模式。亦即個人從事不利健康的行為，常和個人缺乏正確的知識、態度等問題有關。例如：知識→態度→行為（Knowledge→Attitude→Behavior）模型，卻鮮少質疑模型的假設－人是根據自己的理性認知產生的行為。但這樣的假設卻忽略了個人認知除了受到個人因素的影響，同時也受到家庭權力關係、社會價值與規範等社會脈絡所造成影響往往是更重要的因子，但卻經常被忽視。本研究目的有二：(一)計算宜蘭縣某國中青少年過重(含肥胖)盛行率(二)透過問卷了解家中飲食主導者與肥胖相關飲食與體能活動相關知識、態度與行為之關係。
材料與方法
本研究所使用的資料主要來自宜蘭縣某國中健康中心每學期測量國中生身高、體重之定期資料，以行政院衛生署公佈之兒童與青少年肥胖定義，利用青少年的身體質量指數（BMI）計算宜蘭地區某國中青少年過重（含肥胖）之盛行率。並利用自行發展之學生問卷與家長問卷，隨機選擇羅東地區某國中98學年度300個學生。給予學生問卷填寫完後，由學生帶回家長問卷由家中最主要準備三餐的人填寫家長問卷。依變項為國中生與肥胖相關飲食與體能活動之知識是否具有正確知識的因子之二元因子；態度是否具有認同態度之二元因子；行為是否具有正面行為之二元因子。自變項包含受訪國中生基本資料；家中飲食主導者名稱；家中飲食主導者教育程度；家中飲食主導者職業型態；受訪國中生評估自我體態；家中主要準備三餐者評估受訪國中生體態；健康中心評估受訪國中生體態；受訪國中生認為家庭飲食主導者的體態；受訪國中生與肥胖相關飲食與體能活動之知識面向題目；受訪國中生與肥胖相關飲食與體能活動之態度面向題目；受訪國中生與肥胖相關飲食與體能活動之行為面向題目；家庭飲食主導者與受訪國中生肥胖相關飲食與體能活動之知識面向題目；家庭飲食主導者與受訪國中生肥胖相關飲食與體能活動之態度面向題目；家庭飲食主導者與受訪國中生肥胖相關飲食與體能活動之行為面向題目。
結果
第一部分發現2009年宜蘭地區某國中青少年過重（含肥胖）之盛行率女性為21.85％；男性為32.11％。
第二部份利用羅吉斯回歸分析，結果發現家中飲食主導者對肥胖相關飲食與體能活動具有正確知識，家中國中生對肥胖相關飲食與體能活動的正確知識是家庭飲食主導者不具正確知識的2.24倍（95%CI=1.29-3.88，P=0.0040)。
國中生每星期運動總時數大於(含)90分鐘對國中生肥胖相關飲食與體能活動具有認同態度之勝算比為2.09倍（95%CI=1.14-3.82，P=0.0173)；國中生對肥胖相關飲食與體能活動具有正確知識在肥胖相關飲食與體能活動具有認同態度之勝算比為3.88倍（95%CI=2.15-7.02，P<0.0001)。
低年級(七年級)相較於高年級(八、九年級)肥胖相關飲食與體能活動具有正面行為之勝算比為2.11倍（95%CI=1.01-4.43，P=0.0482)，亦即國中生隨年級增加與肥胖相關飲食與體能活動反而較不具正面行為；國中生肥胖相關飲食與體能活動具有正確知識對國中生肥胖相關飲食與體能活動具有正面行為之勝算比為2.71倍（95%CI=1.35-5.46，P=0.0052)；國中生肥胖相關飲食與體能活動具有認同態度對國中生肥胖相關飲食與體能活動具有正面行為之勝算比為4.10倍（95%CI=2.05-8.20，P<0.0001)；家中飲食主導者對國中生肥胖相關飲食與體能活動具有正面行為對國中生肥胖相關飲食與體能活動具有正面行為之勝算比為5.02倍（95%CI=2.51-10.07，P<0.0001)。
結論
本研究針對宜蘭某國中的國中生，計算國中生過重(含肥胖)盛行率。利用羅吉斯回歸模型探討國中生肥胖相關飲食與體能活動的知識、態度與行為相關因子。研究結果發現國中生與肥胖相關飲食與體能活動的知識與家庭飲食主導者的知識有相關；國中生與肥胖相關飲食與體能活動的態度與國中生本身知識與每週運動的時數多寡有關；國中生與肥胖相關飲食與體能活動的行為與年級、國中生本身知識、態度及家庭飲食主導者的行為有關。意味國中生對肥胖相關飲食與體能活動需要考慮家庭飲食主導者之因素。建議未來進行青少年肥胖預防介入，需考慮家庭層次之家庭飲食主導者的因素。Objective：
Despite a number of studies addressing obesity of adolescents, very few studies have been conducted to address factors associated the adolescents’ family diet leader. The aim of this research is to investigate the prevalence of overweight（including obesity）for adolescents in Yilan and the association between variables with obesity at family diet leader and adolescents by using logistic modeling approach with particular focus on the family contextual determinants including family diet leader’s knowledge,attitude and practice.
Method：
The prevalence of overweight（including obesity）in adolescent in Yilan by using Department Of Health criteria.BMI (Kg/M2) was caculated from weight and height measured in physical measurement.The study subjects（n=300）were enrolled by random sampling from a junior high school in Yilan.Adolescent’s characteristis（such as demography, physical activity,self bodyimage, family’s diet leader’s bodyimage,knowledge、attitude and practices of obesity in dietary and physical activity in adolescent…） and family’s diet leader’s characteristis（adolescent’s bodyimage,knowledge、attitude and practices of obesity in dietary and physical activity in family’s diet leader…）were collected via questionnaires.
Result：
The prevalence of overweight（including obesity）in adolescent in Yilan was 21.85% in female and 32.11% in male respectively.knowledge、attitude and practices of obesity in dietary and physical activity in adolescent.
The odds ratio of having correct knowledge with obesity in dietary and physical activity in adolescent for family’s diet leader’s with correct knowledge versus without correct knowledge after adjusted is 2.24.（95%CI=1.29-3.88，P=0.0040).
The odds ratio of having identity attitude with obesity in dietary and physical activity in adolescent for having more than 90 mins physical activity in a week in adolescent versus less than 90 mins after adjusted is 2.09（95%CI=1.14-3.82，P=0.0173).The odds ratio of having identity attitude with obesity in dietary and physical activity in adolescent for adolescent’s with correct knowledge versus without correct knowledge after adjusted is 3.88.（95%CI=2.15-7.02，P<0.0001).
The odds ratio of having positive behavior with obesity in dietary and physical activity in adolescent for Grade 7 in adolescent versus Grade 8 and 9 after adjusted is 2.11（95%CI=1.01-4.43，P=0.0482).The odds ratio of having positive behavior with obesity in dietary and physical activity in adolescent for adolescent’s with correct knowledge versus without correct knowledge after adjusted is 2.71（95%CI=1.35-5.46，P=0.0052) . The odds ratio of having positive behavior with obesity in dietary and physical activity in adolescent for adolescent’s with identity attitude versus without identity attitude after adjusted is 4.10（95%CI=2.05-8.20，P<0.0001) . The odds ratio of having positive behavior with obesity in dietary and physical activity in adolescent for family’s diet leader’s with positive behavior versus without positive behavior after adjusted is 5.02（95%CI=2.51-10.07，P<0.0001).
Conclusion：
By using multiple logistic regression adjusting adolescents demography,family diet leader’s demography, physical activity,self bodyimage and so on, we found knowledge and behavior of family diet leader is relative to knowledge and behavior with obesity in dietary and physical activity in adolescents. These results implied that preventive programs beyond individual approaches should be implemented to weight control. And the family diet leader could be appropriate educational targets for health promotion
Teen Smoking and Birth Outcomes
Get PDFIn the U.S. teen mothers are more likely to give birth to low birth weight babies than non-teen mothers. There is also substantial evidence that smoking is a risk factor correlated with low birth weight. Low birth weight is a costly outcome in both the short and long term for parents, children, and society at large. This paper examines the causal link between teen age smoking behavior and low birth weight. We use a variety of empirical techniques including fixed effects and a matching estimator to identify the impact of smoking on babies of teen and non-teen mothers. We find that both OLS and matching estimator results yield large impacts of smoking on birth weight for teens and adults. However, when we control for unobservables through a fixed effects model, the impact of smoking on birth weight is diminished and there are relatively small differences in the impact of smoking on birth weight between teens and non-teens.
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