1,630 research outputs found
Snapshots of the retarded interaction of charge carriers with ultrafast fluctuations in cuprates
No full textOne of the pivotal questions in the physics of high-temperature superconductors is whether the low-energy dynamics of the charge carriers is mediated by bosons with a characteristic timescale. This issue has remained elusive as electronic correlations are expected to greatly accelerate the electron–boson scattering processes, confining them to the very femtosecond timescale that is hard to access even with state-of-the-art ultrafast techniques. Here we simultaneously push the time resolution and frequency range of transient reflectivity measurements up to an unprecedented level, enabling us to directly observe the ∼16 fs build-up of the effective electron–boson interaction in hole-doped copper oxides. This extremely fast timescale is in agreement with numerical calculations based on the t–J model and the repulsive Hubbard model, in which the relaxation of the photo-excited charges is achieved via inelastic scattering with short-range antiferromagnetic excitations
Do UK based weight management programmes cause weight loss maintenance in adults? A systematic review
No full textThe aim of this dissertation was to examine whether UK based weight management programmes promote weight loss maintenance (follow up of 12 months to assess effectiveness of intervention in weight loss) in adults through the process of a systematic review. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has described obesity as a "global epidemic". Weight management comprises two phases; weight loss and weight loss maintenance. The latter phase is the true goal for obesity and the most difficult element of weight management to achieve. However much less is know about this as compared with the weight loss phase. There is little purpose in committing time and money to reducing obesity if the weight is regained. This is counter-productive and weight loss maintenance is essential to combat the obesity epidemic. Searches were made for relevant information from a variety of scientific online databases and journals,. Seven articles met the inclusion criteria and were analysed in the review. All studies incorporated a multi-component (diet, exercise, behaviur modification) intervention approach. All control and internvetion groups reported weight loss at 12 months when compared with baseline. All groups recieved an intervention. One study reported a significant difference (P<0.05) between groups. Four studies reported on at least one component (diet, physical activity, behaviour modification) however there was not enough information to conclude whether they complied with national guidelines (NICE CG43 and SIGN 115). High attrition rates and loss to follow up are problematic for each study except one. Analysis on an intention to treat basis was common however this is problematic and there are alternative methods which may be more suitable for dealing with missing data
Genomic variant sharing: a position statement
No full textSharing de-identified genetic variant data is essential for the practice of genomic medicine and is demonstrably beneficial to patients. Robust genetic diagnoses that inform medical management cannot be made accurately without reference to genetic test results from other patients, as well as population controls. Errors in this process can result in delayed, missed or erroneous diagnoses, leading to inappropriate or missed medical interventions for the patient and their family. The benefits of sharing individual genetic variants, and the harms of not sharing them, are numerous and well-established. Databases and mechanisms already exist to facilitate deposition and sharing of pseudonomised genetic variants, but clarity and transparency around best practice is needed to encourage widespread use, prevent inconsistencies between different communities, maximise individual privacy and ensure public trust. We therefore recommend that widespread sharing of a small number of individual genetic variants associated with limited clinical information should become standard practice in genomic medicine. Information robustly linking genetic variants with specific conditions is fundamental biological knowledge, not personal information, and therefore should not require consent to share. For additional case-level detail about individual patients or more extensive genomic information, which is often essential for clinical interpretation, it may be more appropriate to use a controlled-access model for data sharing, with the ultimate aim of making as much information as open and de-identified as possible with appropriate consent.</ns4:p
Faith and the face-off: John F. Kennedy, religion, and averting nuclear war during the Cuban missile crisis
No full textThe decisions made by President John F. Kennedy during the Cuban missile crisis in October 1962 likely prevented the outbreak of World War III. Understanding the president’s possible motivations behind those decisions, including any possible religious motivations, is key to a more complete understanding of the eventual peaceful resolution of the crisis. Kennedy’s was a complex religiosity from childhood, further complicated by anti-Catholic prejudice and his own assertions of the firm separation of church and state during the 1960 presidential campaign. While keeping his religiosity a private matter, those closest to the president documented their memories of his words and actions during the crisis. Using these recollections, it is possible to get a sense of what things the commander in chief may have taken into consideration when deciding which course of action to pursue. From statements made by the president to the manner of his interactions, evidence of his attitudes and concerns during the crisis provides inferences into the character of his conscience. These inferences suggest that Kennedy’s decisions may have been influenced by the empathy he was able to feel for others, that he may have been guided by a conscience of peace formed, in part, by his religious faith, and that he may have weighed his actions using tenets of the Catholic Church, particularly the four cardinal virtues: prudence, temperance, justice, and fortitude. The papal encyclical issued by Pope John XXIII in April 1963, Pacem in Terris, lays out as official Church doctrine the need for universal peace through Catholic virtues such as justice and truth. This encyclical appears to echo some of the attitudes that, according to those closest to him, President Kennedy took on during the Cuban crisis, further supporting the idea that Kennedy’s faith influenced his decisions.M.A.Includes bibliographical referencesby Alison L. Davi
A latent semantic analysis of gender stereotype-consistency and narrowness in American English
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Creating learning environments for compassionate care (CLECC) : a programme to promote compassionate care by health and social care teams
No full textEvidence for Seismogenic Hydrogen Gas, a Potential Microbial Energy Source on Earth and Mars
No full textM thanks the STFC for a PhD studentship and the NASA Astrobiology Institute for additional funding (NNAI13AA90A; Foundations of Complex Life, Evolution, Preservation and Detection on Earth and Beyond). Alison Wright, Roger Gibson and Edward Lynch are thanked for contributing samples. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments.Peer reviewe
Embracing structure: opportunities and challenges of implementing structure in organizations
No full textStructure —explicit and predetermined rules, specificity, and order imposed to guide behavior—has long been recognized as a means of elevating outcomes for individuals, groups, and organizations beyond default processes. Yet, structured tools are often underutilized in practice, raising critical questions: why are they resisted, and how can organizations encourage greater adoption? Addressing these challenges requires increasing awareness of their benefits and targeting psychological barriers to their use. The papers in this symposium tackle these issues in three ways. First, they highlight the limitations of default processes, demonstrating that humans underperform in detecting their partner’s conversational topic preferences compared to machine learning algorithms. Second, they illustrate the benefits of structure, showing how structured tools enhance conversational safety, promote equal speaking time in groups, and empower individuals to make voluntary choices during consent procedures. Third, they explore psychological barriers, such as concerns about enjoyment, that undermine the adoption of structured approaches. Collectively, this symposium showcases structure as a powerful tool for improving outcomes for individuals, groups, and organizations, while emphasizing the importance of thoughtful design and implementation that accounts for individuals’ psychological needs and motivations. Topic preference detection: A novel approach to understand perspective taking in conversation Author: Michael Yeomans; Imperial College London Author: Alison Wood Brooks; Harvard Business School Unlocking the power of equal airtime: Nudging conversational safety in group conversations Author: F Katelynn Boland; Author: Nicholas Demetrio Zambrotta; UC Berkeley, Haas School of Business Author: Nicole Abi-Esber; London School of Economics and Political Science Structuring Requests to Empower Voluntary Consent Author: Rachel Schlund; Cornell University Author: Roseanna Sommers; Author: Vanessa Bohns; Cornell University Overcoming Resistance to Structured Collaboration: The Role of Hedonic Perceptions Author: Kelly Harrington; Northwestern University Author: Loran F. Nordgren
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