1,720,997 research outputs found
The impact of numeracy on reactions to different graphic risk presentation formats: An experimental analogue study
No full textObjectives: numeracy, the ability to process basic mathematical concepts, may affect responses to graphical displays of health risk information. Displays of probabilistic risk information using grouped dots are easier to understand than displays using dispersed dots. However, dispersed dots may better convey the randomness with which health threats occur, so increasing perceived susceptibility. We hypothesized that low numeracy participants would better understand risks presented using grouped dot displays, while high numeracy participants would have good understanding, regardless of display type. Moreover, we predicted that dispersed dot displays, in contrast to grouped dot displays, would increase risk perceptions and worry only for highly numerate individuals.Design and method: one hundred and forty smokers read vignettes asking them to imagine being at risk of Crohn's disease, in a 2(display type: dispersed/grouped dots)×3(risk magnitude: 3%/6%/50%)×2(numeracy: high/low) design. They completed measures of risk comprehension, perceived susceptibility and worry.Results: more numerate participants had better objective risk comprehension, but this effect was not moderated by display type. There was marginally significant support for the predicted numeracy × display type interaction for worry about Crohn's disease, but not for perceived susceptibility to the condition.Conclusions: dispersed dot displays somewhat increase worry in highly numerate individuals, but only numeracy influenced objective risk comprehension. The most effective display type for communicating risk information will depend on the numeracy of the population and the goal(s) of the communicatio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Why does genetic causal information alter perceived treatment effectiveness? An analogue study
No full textObjectives: when a health problem is perceived as having a genetic cause, this appears to increase the perceived effectiveness of pharmacological treatments and reduce perceived effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments. Potential mediators of this effect include causal attributions, perceived severity, and perceived control over the health problem. This study aimed to use experimental methods to establish which beliefs mediate the effect of genetic causal information on perceived effectiveness of treatments.Design: a 4(cause: environmental, family history, genetic test, family history & genetic test)×2(severity: higher or low) between-subjects design using vignettes about heart disease risk, obesity or depression.Methods: a total of 647 adults, randomly assigned to read one of the experimental vignettes, were interviewed. Key outcomes were perceived effectiveness of medication and of non-pharmacological treatments. Potential mediators of perceived severity, perceived controllability, and causal attributions were also assessed.Results: for heart disease risk, genetic causes reduced perceived effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments (an effect mediated by causal attributions and perceived control) but did not influence perceived medication effectiveness. For obesity, neither severity nor cause influenced the perceived effectiveness of either treatment. For depression, genetic causes only increased perceived effectiveness of medication for more severe depression, an effect mediated by perceived control.Conclusions: the impact of genetic causal information on perceived effectiveness of treatments varies with type of health problem. When genetic causal information influences perceived treatment effectiveness, it does so by altering causal attributions and perceived controllability. However, these effects are small and unlikely to translate into clinically meaningful differences in health-enhancing behaviour
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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