130,832 research outputs found
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Assessing the combined effect of asbestos exposure and smoking on lung cancer: a Bayesian approach
No full textWe review the literature on the combined association between lung cancer and two environmental exposures, asbestos exposure and smoking, and explore a Bayesian approach to assess evidence of interaction between the exposures. The meta-analysis combines separate indices of additive and multiplicative relationships and multivariate relative risk estimates. By making inferences on posterior probabilities we can explore both the form and strength of interaction. This analysis may be more informative than providing evidence to support one relation over another on the basis of statistical significance. Overall, we find evidence for a more than additive and less than multiplicative relation
A Bayesian approach to assess interaction between known risk factors: The risk of lung cancer from exposure to asbestos and smoking
No full textWe review the literature on the combined effect of asbestos exposure and smoking on lung cancer, and explore a Bayesian approach to assess evidence of interaction. Previous approaches have focussed on separate tests for an additive or multiplicative relation. We extend these approaches by exploring the strength of evidence for either relation using approaches which allow the data to choose between both models. We then compare the different approaches
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The psychological implications of surviving testicular cancer : impact on body image, sexuality and masculinity
No full textINTRODUCTION:
Men's health generally and testicular cancer in particular are neglected areas of research. This particular malignancy is the most common among young men in the western world (Champion, 1996), and its prevalence is on the increase, however, so too are cure rates. As a consequence there are an increasing number of young male survivors. Impact on sexual function of survivors is well documented in the literature, yet little is mentioned about the impact on the sexuality and masculinity of the young man following treatment. The objective of the research therefore was to explore the impact on survivor's self-perceptions,in particular focusing on the areas of sexuality, masculinity and body image.
METHOD:
The research followed a cross-sectional design,
comparing men at four different stages post-illness. Repertory grid technique was utilised for data collection
purposes, which combined qualitative and quantitative methods. Semi-structured interviews (n = 10) were analysed using content analysis, which formed the basis of a
generic repertory grid. Quantitative data from subsequent grid completion (n = 37)were analysed using a beta version of SPSS to carry out 3-way 3-mode multidimensional unfolding.
RESULTS:
The results suggest that men's self-perceptions change as a consequence of testicular cancer, and that sexuality, masculinity and body image play a part in these changes for some, but not all men. The constructs rated in this study all contribute to the differences in patterns across groups. Results suggest the occurrence of an adjustment process, showing current perceptions of the self as more aligned with retrospective pre-illness perceptions by 24 months post-illness. The majority of men judged repertory grid technique to be a satisfactory means of evaluating self-perceptions relating to the illness experience.
DISCUSSION:
The results of the study have implications for the level of professional support received by men with testicular cancer, both generally and with specific reference to issues of sexuality, masculinity and body image. However the innovative style of this research and the absence of pre-existing evidence in support of the findings, mean that further research will be required to gain a thorough understanding of the psychological implications of surviving testicular cancer with regards to these issues. Specific recommendations are made for further researc
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
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