1,721,001 research outputs found
Long-term results of oxandrolone therapy in idiopathic short stature
No full textIn der Tübinger Universitätskinderklinik wurden 1984 - 1996 51 Jungen mit idiopathischem Kleinwuchs bzw. Konstitutioneller Entwicklungsverzögerung (KEV) nach Ausschluss anderer Ursachen aufgrund massiver psychosozialer Belastung mit Oxandrolon behandelt (Dosis 0,049 mg/kg/d über 13,65 Monate, Behandlungsbeginn 10,89 Jahre). Die Daten wurden retrospektiv aus den Akten erhoben, 35 Patienten konnten nachuntersucht werden, 9 führten eine Selbstmessung durch, 7 waren nicht erreichbar. Während der Therapie stieg die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit signifikant an (4,50 bzw. 7,47 cm/Jahr), danach sank sie in Korrelation zum Lebensalter (r=0,63) leicht ab (6,90 cm/Jahr, nicht signifikant). Das Knochenalter war vor Therapie 2,39 Jahre retardiert, nach Therapie 1,71 Jahre (signifikant). Die Pubertät wurde mit ca. 13 Jahren erreicht. Das Alter bei Therapiebeginn korrelierte (r=0,90) mit dem Pubertätsbeginn, nicht jedoch die Therapiedauer. Die Zielgröße betrug 172,17 ± 4,53 cm, die Prognose nach Bayley-Pinneau 168,47 ± 5,40 cm. Die Endgröße (164,57 ± 4,61 cm) lag signifikant unter der Zielgröße (Korrelation r=0,74) und der Prognose (r=0,15). Die Geburtsparameter hatten ebenso wie Behandlungsbeginn und -dauer keinen eindeutigen Einfluss auf die Differenz von End- und Zielgröße. IGF-I stieg während der Therapie signifikant an, die IGFBP3-Werte veränderten sich nicht signifikant. Die Ergebnisse der Subgruppe mit KEV waren größtenteils mit der Gesamtgruppe vergleichbar, auffällig war jedoch, dass in dieser Gruppe die Differenz von End- /Zielgröße mit dem Pubertätsbeginn korrelierte (r=0,60).
Möglicherweise induziert die Therapie die Pubertät (bei jüngeren Kindern eine schwere Nebenwirkung), wie dies die Korrelation von Therapie- und Pubertätsbeginn nahe legen könnte. In der Literatur finden sich vereinzelt Hinweise für die Induktion einer frühen Pubertät bei insgesamt kontroverser Diskussion. Eventuell bewirkt eine frühe Pubertät auch eine verminderte Endgröße (Korrelation in der Untergruppe KEV). Die überproportionale Beschleunigung des Knochenalters während der Therapie hat möglicherweise einen negativen Einfluss auf die Endgröße. Die Prognose (nicht in allen Studien so beobachtet) und Zielgröße (in anderen Studien ähnlich) lagen deutlich unter der Endgröße. Die Therapieregime wirkten sich nicht nachweisbar auf die Endgröße aus (in der Untergruppe KEV zeigte sich ein Trend, dass sich Therapiebeginn (r=0,39) bzw. -dauer (r=0,36) auf die Differenz von End-Zielgröße auswirken).
Schwerwiegende Nebenwirkungen lassen sich zumindest nicht ausschließen, so dass eine strenge Indikationsstellung erfolgen muss (mit psychologische Begleitung/Therapie). Oxandrolon sollte erst ab 12 Jahren in einer niedrigen Dosierung (0,05 mg/kg/d) über einen Zeitraum von maximal 6 Monaten verabreicht werden. Alternativ stehen Testosteron und Wachstumshormon zur Verfügung.In the Universitätskinderklinik (University Children's Hospital) in Tübingen (Germany) 51 boys with idiopathic short stature or constitutional delay of growth and development have been treated with the anabolic steroid oxandolone for 13.65 months (treatment start 10.89 years, dose 0,049 mg/kg/day). The treatment data have been captured retrospectively. It was possible to re-evaluate 35 boys for this study. 9 boys performed a self measurement and 7 boys were not reachable.
On oxandrolone the mean height velocity increased from 4.50 to 7.47 cm/year (significant, s), after treatment it decreased in relation to the age to 6.90 cm/year (not significant, n.s.). The bone age in relation to the chronological age were delayed before therapy 2.39 years and after treatment 1.71 years (s). The final height was 164.57 ± 4.61 cm, significant below the target height (172.17 ± 4.53 cm, correlation with final height 0.74) and predicted height (Bayley-Pinneau, 168.47 ± 5.40 cm, correlation with final height 0.15). While IGF-I increased on oxandrolone significantly, IGFBP-3 did not. There are no clues for the significant influence of the final height by the treatment regime. The onset of the puberty correlated with the treatment start (r=0.90), but not the duration of treatment.
It is possible that oxandrolone induced the onset of puberty. Especially for young boys this is a serious side-effect. The disproportional increase of bone age could cause a lower than expected final high.
We conclude that oxandrolone treatment should be considered carefully. It should be tried to reduce the psychological problems by a psychological therapy. For the onset of oxandrolone treatment the boys should reach the age of 12 years. They should be treated for maximum 6 months in a low-dose-regime (0.05 mg/kg/day)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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