636 research outputs found
Targeting and transport : how microtubules control focal adhesion dynamics
No full text* Article is free to read on journal website\ud
\ud
Abstract:\ud
\ud
Directional cell migration requires force generation that relies on the coordinated remodeling of interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is mediated by integrin-based focal adhesions (FAs). Normal FA turnover requires dynamic microtubules, and three members of the diverse group of microtubule plus-end-tracking proteins are principally involved in mediating microtubule interactions with FAs. Microtubules also alter the assembly state of FAs by modulating Rho GTPase signaling, and recent evidence suggests that microtubule-mediated clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis regulates FA dynamics. In addition, FA-associated microtubules may provide a polarized microtubule track for localized secretion of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). Thus, different aspects of the molecular mechanisms by which microtubules control FA turnover in migrating cells are beginning to emerge
Analysis of focal adhesion turnover: a quantitative live-cell imaging example
No full textRecent advances in optical and fluorescent protein technology have rapidly raised expectations in cell biology, allowing quantitative insights into dynamic intracellular processes like never before. However, quantitative live-cell imaging comes with many challenges including how best to translate dynamic microscopy data into numerical outputs that can be used to make meaningful comparisons rather than relying on representative data sets. Here, we use analysis of focal adhesion turnover dynamics as a straightforward specific example on how to image, measure, and analyze intracellular protein dynamics, but we believe this outlines a thought process and can provide guidance on how to understand dynamic microcopy data of other intracellular structures
Entwicklung einer schnellen Pulsformanalyse für asymmetrische AGATA-Germanium-Detektoren
No full textOnTEAM metadata: GDSID: DOC-2007-May-32; Attribute ID: LIBRARY-thesis_diss-2007-005; Title: [GSI Diss 2007-05] Entwicklung einer schnellen Pulsformanalyse für asymmetrische AGATA-Germanium-Detektoren; Author(s): Beck, Torsten; Corporate author(s): ; Publication date: 20070501; Creator: manton; Creation date: 15.05.2007 16:02:12; Change date: 29.10.2008 16:29:34; Access: nur berechtigte Gruppen; Attribute type: Text.Thesis.Diss; Directory path: ['GSI Publications', 'GSI as Publisher']; Attribute path: ['Infrastructure', 'Library and Documentation', 'thesis_diss', 'Added in 2007']; File name(s): ['DOC-2007-May-32-1.pdf']; File title(s): ['']; File access: ['nur berechtigte Gruppen'
Manifolds, sheaves, and cohomology
No full textThis book explains techniques that are essential in almost all branches of modern geometry such as algebraic geometry, complex geometry, or non-archimedian geometry. It uses the most accessible case, real and complex manifolds, as a model. The author especially emphasizes the difference between local and global questions. Cohomology theory of sheaves is introduced and its usage is illustrated by many examples. Content Topological Preliminaries - Algebraic Topological Preliminaries - Sheaves - Manifolds - Local Theory of Manifolds - Lie Groups - Torsors and Non-abelian Cech Cohomology - Bundles - Soft Sheaves - Cohomology of Complexes of Sheaves - Cohomology of Sheaves of Locally Constant Functions - Appendix: Basic Topology, The Language of Categories, Basic Algebra, Homological Algebra, Local Analysis Readership Graduate Students in Mathematics / Master of Science in Mathematics About the Author Prof. Dr. Torsten Wedhorn, Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
James Watson, Maclyn McCarty, and Torsten Wiesel
No full textTorsten Wiesel (right) with Professor Emeritus Maclyn McCarty (center), co-author of the paper with Oswald Avery and Colin MacLeod, and James D. Watson, director of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1994
Photo by Leif Carlsson
To commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the discovery at The Rockefeller University that genes are made of DNA - considered by many to be the single most important biological discovery of the twentieth century - the university has kicked off a year-long series of events that were running through May 1994. The celebration was formally inaugurated in November 1993 with a lecture by Nobel laureate James D. Watson, best known for discovering the double-helical structure of DNA.
See also Search Winter 1994, vol. 4, no. 1https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/group-portraits/1013/thumbnail.jp
Recommended from our members
INTERNALIZED DISTRIBUTED MOTOR COMMANDS BRIDGE ACTION AND COGNITION IN C. ELEGANS
No full textHere we find that the nematode C. elegans makes goal-oriented turns while foraging and can maintain a working memory of sensory activation prior to the execution of a turn. This information is integrated with body posture to localize appetitive stimuli. We construct a virtual-reality whole-brain imaging and neural perturbation system, and with it we find that this working memory is implemented by the coupled oscillation of two distributed neural motor command complexes. One complex decouples from motor output after sensory evidence accumulation and initiates turn execution; the second gates this process with a reliable time constant. We propose that the function of working memory via internalization of motor oscillations could represent the evolutionary origin of internal neural processing i.e. thought, and a foundation of higher cognition
Seltsame Schauspiele. Torsten Fogelqvists Deutschlandreise 1934
No full textIn 1934 Torsten Fogelqvist, a prominent member of the Swedish Academy and a well-known journalist and intellectual, visits Nazi Germany. He writes about his visit to the Third Reich in 17 articles published in the Stockholm daily newspaper Dagens Nyheter. The author, highly critical of the Hitler regime, scrutinizes several aspects of the nazified German society such as the attempts to re-educate the German citizen in accordance with the ideology of the new regime, the hero cult in the Nazi movement, and the relationship between the German state and the churches. In order to further an understanding of political and social developments in Germany Fogelqvist uses a specific strategy. He “translates” them into an imaginary Swedish context. This paper compares his views with those of other Swedish visitors
Imaging intracellular protein dynamics by spinning disk confocal microscopy
No full textThe palette of fluorescent proteins (FPs) has grown exponentially over the past decade, and as a result, live imaging of cells expressing fluorescently tagged proteins is becoming more and more mainstream. Spinning disk confocal (SDC) microscopy is a high-speed optical sectioning technique and a method of choice to observe and analyze intracellular FP dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution. In an SDC system, a rapidly rotating pinhole disk generates thousands of points of light that scan the specimen simultaneously, which allows direct capture of the confocal image with low-noise scientific grade-cooled charge-coupled device cameras, and can achieve frame rates of up to 1000 frames per second. In this chapter, we describe important components of a state-of-the-art spinning disk system optimized for live cell microscopy and provide a rationale for specific design choices. We also give guidelines of how other imaging techniques such as total internal reflection microscopy or spatially controlled photoactivation can be coupled with SDC imaging and provide a short protocol on how to generate cell lines stably expressing fluorescently tagged proteins by lentivirus-mediated transduction
Recommended from our members
Role of CLASP2 phosphorylation in regulating kinetochore-microtubule interactions
No full textProper chromosome segregation requires dynamic regulation of kinetochore-microtubule attachments throughout mitosis. Multiple kinetochore proteins display microtubule-binding activity, yet how exactly these proteins are spatially and temporally regulated is unclear. Cytoplasmic linker-associating proteins (CLASPs) are present in the outer kinetochore, in close proximity to microtubule ends, and are required for mitosis. Here, we test whether phosphorylation of CLASP2 during mitosis serves as a mechanism to regulate kinetochore-microtubule interactions and the fidelity of chromosome segregation. We show that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) and glycogen synthase kinase beta; (GSK3beta;)-dependent mitotic phosphorylation of CLASP2 within its microtubule end-binding domain inhibits its microtubule end-binding activity but does not affect CLASP2 kinetochore binding. Deregulation of CLASP2 phosphorylation does not affect initial chromosome congression, but weakens kinetochore-microtubule attachments. In the presence of endogenous CLASP2, phosphorylation-deficient CLASP2 increases average interkinetochore distance, while phosphomimetic CLASP2 decreases average interkinetochore distance measurements. Together, these results suggest that CLASP2 microtubule binding at the kinetochore is required for stable, tension-generating kinetochore-microtubule attachments. Furthermore, cells expressing CLASP2 phosphomutants have abnormal kinetochore dynamics and in some cells, kinetochore pairs flip about the metaphase plate, suggesting absent or imbalanced microtubule attachments. Expression of either nonphosphorylatable or phosphomimetic CLASP2 fails to rescue depletion of CLASP2 and ultimately leads to an increase in lagging chromosomes. Together, these results characterize specific phosphorylation sites in CLASP2 that negatively regulate microtubule binding and present a novel mechanism of Cdk1 and GSK3beta;-mediated control of kinetochore-microtubule interactions
PISM glacial cycle sensitivity experiments of the Antarctic Ice Sheet
No full textThis dataset contains PISM simulation results (http://www.pism-docs.org) of the Antarctic Ice Sheet based on code release v1.0-paleo-ensemble (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3574033). PISM is the open-source Parallel Ice Sheet Model developed mainly at UAF, USA and PIK, Germany.
With the help of added python scripts, all figures can be reproduced as in the journal publication:
- Albrecht et al., 2020, doi:10.5194/tc-14-599-2020.
---
Data:
Find PISM results as netCDF data. See 'README.md' for a list of all performed experiment.
All forcing input data for the experiments and plots can be downloaded and remapped via https://github.com/pism/pism-ais. Some of the original input data files are freely available, for others please contact the author or the corresponding data publisher.
Figure plotting scripts (jupyter notebook based on python, see https://jupyter.org) in 'plot_scripts' access the uploaded PISM results in 'model_data' and save the plots to 'final_figures'. Jupyter notebook can be run in the browser and shared, see https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/www.pik-potsdam.de/~albrecht/notebooks/paleo_paper/paleo_paper_final.ipynb.
---
Contact:
Albrecht, Torsten ([email protected]) ; Potsdam-Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam, German
- …
