1,720,971 research outputs found
RESONANSRÖRSMETODEN – AKTUELL FORSKNING PÅ RÖSTTRÄNING MED RÖR NEDSÄNKTA I VATTEN
Get PDFResonansrörsmetoden, eller resonance tube phonation with the free end inwater (RTPW) är en röstträning där patienten fonerar genom ett glasrörvars fria ände är nedsänkt i en skål med vatten. Metoden har använts avtalterapeuter i Finland under lång tid, och har på senare år börjat väckaintresse även utanför Finlands gränser. Syftet med föreliggande artikel är att ge en översikt på aktuell forskning på resonansrörsmetoden, med fokus på metodens fysikaliska principer. Kunskapen om dessa principer och metodens fysiologiska påverkan är i dagsläget låg och mer forskning behövs för att man ska kunna fastställa dess effekter på röstbildningen. Vissa positiva resultat har rapporterats angående förbättringar I röstkvalitet.Nyckelord: mottryck, resonansrör, röstbehandlingResonaattoriputkiharjoitus vedessä, eli resonance tube phonation with tube end in water (RTPW), on ääniharjoitus missä potilas ääntelee lasiputkeen, jonka vapaa pää on upotettu vesiastiaan. Harjoitusta on käytetty puheterapeuttisessa äänihoidossa Suomessa jo pitkään, ja nykyään se on herättänyt huomiota myös Suomen ulkopuolella. Tämänartikkelin tarkoitus on luoda katsaus ajankohtaiseen tutkimukseen RTPW:sta, keskittyen harjoituksen fysikaalisiin periaatteisiin. Tieto näistä periaatteista sekä harjoituksen fysiologisista vaikutuksista on tällä hetkellä puutteellista, ja lisää tutkimusta tarvitaan, ennen kuin on mahdollista määritellä harjoituksen vaikutus äänentuottoon. Muutamiamyönteisiä tuloksia on raportoitu harjoituksen vaikutuksesta äänenlaatuun.Avainsanat: resonaattoriputki, vastapaine, äänihoitoKey words: back pressure, resonance tube, voice treatment
Oral pressure and flow feedback components in semi-occluded vocal tract exercises
Get PDFVocal training with a semi-occluded vocal tract has been used for a long period of time. One way to obtain a semi-occlusion is by phonating through a straw or tube while keeping the free end of the tube in air or submerged into water.
This thesis aims at investigating pressure and flow characteristics of three types of semi-occluded vocal tract exercises: (i) straw/tube phonation with the free end of the tube in air, (ii) tube phonation with the free end in water and (iii) flow ball devices, which are narrow tubes combined with a basket containing a styrofoam ball that lifts off when air is blown into the tube.
Studies I, III and IV investigated pressure characteristics of these devices as functions of flow. Data were collected with a flow driven vocal tract simulator with an outlet for straw/tube/flow ball connection. Studies II and V investigated changes in oral pressure, vertical laryngeal position and fundamental frequency for vocally healthy volunteers during resonance tube phonation in water at two submersion depths.
The results of study I showed that a change in tube diameter affects the pressureflow relationship more than a relative change in tube length for tube dimensions commonly used in voice exercises. When the tubes were submerged into water, the flow could not start until the pressure provided by the water depth was overcome, but as flow increased the pressure-flow relationship was similar to that of the tube in air, but with an upward shift in back pressure related to the pressure provided by the water depth. This was also confirmed in study IV. The oscillating part of the back pressure was analysed in study IV, showing that the amplitude of the oscillations increased with increasing water depth up to 3 cm depth. The amplitude of the pressure oscillations were similar at 3-7 cm water depths.
Results from study IV showed that increasing the flow through a tube submerged in water affected the bubble characteristics. At low flows, the bubbles were emitted one-by-one in a periodic manner, at medium flows the bubbles were emitted in pairs of two and at high flows the bubble formation were chaotic and no clear pattern in the bubble characteristics could be identified. Bubble characteristics differed slightly between tubes with 8 and 9 mm diameter.
The results of study III showed that the pressure-flow relationship for two flow ball devices were similar to those of straws. A flow of 0.2 L/s was required for ball lift off for both devices. Back pressure thresholds for ball lift off were 5 cmH2O for one of the devices, and 20 cmH2O for the other one.
The results of study II and V showed that resonance tube phonation in water provides an average oral pressure slightly above the equivalent water pressure. The vertical laryngeal position, as measured by dual channel electroglottography, dropped for most participants during tube phonation in water, and a fundamental frequency modulation appeared during bubbling for the participants in study V.
The results of this thesis presents new information about the physical properties involved in straw phonation with the free end in air and tube phonation with the free end in air and submerged in water. They further suggest that vocal training with phonation through tubes submerged in water can affect the phonatory system in different ways.ei tietoa saavutettavuudest
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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