4,703 research outputs found
Hero vis-à-vis Author
No full textThis article examines the complex relationship between the hero and the author. Through a reflexive phenomenological tone, it is argued that the hero depicts the emotional seed of the subject itself while the author is the beautiful mind that projects events and worlds by cultivating the intellectual seed. The call of adventure as a ringing bell for the hero and the author, the proclaimed Death of the Author, the almost confirmed Death of the Hero, and the horizon of the Teacher’s Death are discussed. In this setting, the fear from the authority of the hero and the author remains imminent. This article attempts to move beyond the horizon of death certificates in order to reach primary frequencies at the nexus between author and hero, derived from the very inner tones of the human psyche that come as a call to take us away to the beautiful world of Aha Erlebnis. The author and the hero – they do matter
In search for the hero: A study of the possible causes that make or break the hero in children's literature
No full textThis study investigates the possible causes that make or break the hero character in children’s literature. It looks into if these causes could be seen as universal, or if they change due to variations of outer influence. To achieve this, the study will examine these causes from three different perspectives; the hero's effect, the child reader's choice and the influence of the author. Out of these, the prime influence and main causes are found in connection with the hero’s effect, and therefore this study will have its main focus on the hero. To demonstrate all the effect the hero has, I have first shortly redefined the structure of the core of the hero, and then shown how the hero character manifests as three specific hero-types that underline all existing hero characters, these I have named: the 'Traditional Hero', the 'True Hero' and the 'Ultimate Hero'. These hero-types are then further examined in connection to change, rules regarding right and wrong and possible impairments to determine their inner models of behaviour, which manifest in their respective social realities. These models define those specific causes that contribute to the making or breaking the hero. The secondary focus is divided between the child reader and the author out of which the study will first investigate the child reader’s affect on the hero. This is accomplished through determining what affects the child reader’s perceptions and preferences regarding the hero as well as demonstrating how the child reader' s choice of hero is a process consisting of individual factors such as rejection, choice and abandonment. These factors determine whether or not the hero is accepted or remains as, a hero, and thus contribute to those possible causes that can make or break the hero's character. Finally, this study will examine the author’s influence on the hero by mainly how the author's covert and overt choices affect the hero's character. This will demonstrate that the author's main contribution to the hero's character is connected to the inert choice of the hero-type, which in turn contributes to the hero's failure or success. This point is further demonstrated through a children’s book I wrote in which I purposefully attempted to write a hero which would be chosen by the child reader. My failure to do so concurred with my findings
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
A dialogic reimagining of a servant's suffering: understanding second Isaiah's servant of Yahweh as a polyphonic hero
No full textA definitive identification of the Servant figure of Second Isaiah is notoriously difficult, as attested by centuries of conjecture and debate. The interpretive obstacles are profuse: the Servant is addressed as Israel-Jacob, but then spoken of in terms that are not consistent with the nation's experience; in some texts he seems to represent a community, while in others he speaks as an individual; he seems to suffer extreme hardship and persecution, but then is said to experience new life; some of his experiences appear to be historical, while others are best described as idealistic. Further hampering objective interpretations are the pervasive traditional approaches among Christian and Jewish readers, which associate the Servant, equally emphatically, with Jesus or Israel.
But a primary reason the Servant is so difficult to pin down is rarely considered, and that is that there exists no objective image of the Servant anywhere in Second Isaiah. As a literary character he is constituted entirely by dialogue; that is, by discourse addressed to him, spoken by him, and spoken about him by others in the form of a confession. His actions are never described, and his person is never defined. Scholars have referred to this as his 'fluid' nature, but have lacked the methodological tools for a fuller study of this literary curiosity.
The ideas of literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin speak to this type of characterisation. His 'polyphonic hero' is a fictional character who is constituted by what is spoken to him or her, by what they overhear said concerning them, and by how they make that discourse, and the discourse of the wider world, an aspect of their own self-knowledge. They become known only by the discourse that converges on them, much as the Servant of Second Isaiah is constituted. This thesis develops a reading strategy based on Bakhtin's theory of the polyphonic hero, as well as his broader theories of dialogism. It reimagines the inner discourse of the Servant in order to comprehend him according to the dialogue by which he knows himself, and not according to conventional reading strategies that seek for a fixed, opaque image. In the process it discovers that there are not multiple Servants, which is often posited as a solution to the problem of his fluid nature, but one Servant, Israel-Jacob, whose self-knowledge as the faithful Servant of Yahweh calls empirical Israel to faith in a time of national distress. It concludes that the Servant is present in the collection of Second Isaiah as a 'voice-idea', the embodiment of a theologically critical position that calls many of Israel's theological and ideological presuppositions into question, in order to liberate her for a renewed history as a faithful 'witness' to Yahweh her redeemer
Hero and villain archetypes in the context of delinquent behaviour
No full textThe article reveals the relevance of questions related to the archetypes of the hero and the villain. Ukrainian society is going through a critically difficult period associated with the full-scale aggression of Russia and the tasks of developing internal rules of life in the country (in the direction of European values and the revival of Ukrainian ones, in contrast to the remnants of Soviet stereotypes and rules imposed by oligarchic clans in recent years). An environment that can be compared to chaos is a potential prerequisite for the emergence of “order out of chaos”, including in the formation of views and the development of rules regarding the norm of behaviour and the formation of Ukrainian archetypes of the hero and the villain. The behaviour of the hero and the villain go beyond the norm, “background behaviour”. Therefore, considering the archetype of the hero and the villain in the context of delinquency is interesting. The author considers delinquent behaviour as a catalyst for social changes, social norms that are directed against existing moral, ethical, and legal norms, and rules. In the author’s opinion, deviations that bear the signs of the new (conscious or not) are new formations (recognised or unrecognised). In the context of the identified problem, behaviour that increasingly deviates from the remnants of Soviet stereotypes and the norms and rules imposed on Ukrainian society by oligarchic clans can be considered delinquent. At the same time, new formations are actions that correspond to the chosen general European guidelines and the revival of Ukrainian values and beliefs. The author assumes the following boundaries of delinquency: on the one hand – heroism. On the other – villainism. There are transitional forms between them. The author emphasises that a villain can be understood as a clear enemy, the struggle of intrapersonal multidirectional interests and motives (one’s enemy), and a reincarnated hero (antihero, villain). The author tries to summarise the characteristics of the hero accordingly. Heroes and villains are distinguished by their values in their activities, which they are carriers of. The author characterises the modern Ukrainian hero’s values (universal human values, European values, and values of a just, fair war). This work contributes to the consolidation of society around selected values. The author sees further work in the study of the characteristics of the archetypes of the hero and the villain in the post-war period
Author and hero in a postmodern novel
No full textУ дослідженні вивчається комунікативна пара в постмодерному романі – автор і герой. Алогічна й двоїста дійсність подекуди викликала гіпертрофію
суб’єктивного начала, абсолютизувала світоглядну позицію автора з одного боку, й нівелювала, девальвувала авторську особистість – з іншого. Таким чином з кінця 90-х років кардинально змінилася специфіка вираження авторського «Я», яка безпосередньо вплинула на способи творення героя в сучасній українській літературі. Особливості розгортання художнього діалогу автора з його героєм вказують на явище трансформації їхніх функцій в українському постмодерному романі. Автор з огляду на проголошену Бартом тезу про його смерть припиняє бути основним цілісним творцем тексту, а стає його продуктом, формою висловлювання. Автор, герой, текст поєднуються в певну цілісність спрямованістю на інтерпретаційну гру з читачем, який розпорошує щойно утворену семантичну цілісність на неймовірну кількість значень. The study discusses the communicative pair in the postmodern novel, namely the author and the hero. In some cases, the illogical and dual reality caused a kind of hypertrophy of the subjective principle, absolutized the worldview of the author on the one hand, and levelled, devalued the author’s personality, on the other hand. Thus, since the late 1990s, the ways of the expression of the author’s individuality have changed dramatically, and it directly infl uences the ways of creating a hero in
contemporary Ukrainian literature. The special features of the development of the author’s artistic dialogue with his hero indicate the phenomenon of transformation of their functions in the Ukrainian postmodern novel. The author, given the idea about his death, put forward by R. Barthes, ceases to be the main creator of the text, and becomes its product, a form of expression. The author, the hero, and the text are combined into a certain integrity by focusing on
the interpretative playing with the reader, who divides the newly formed semantic integrity into incredibly numerous meanings
James Joyce: From Hero to Author of the Bildungsroman
No full textWhen James Joyce went to Paris as a young man in 1902, he followed a narrative arc fundamental to the European Bildungsromane. Comparing Joyce’s motives and decisions with those of his fictional predecessors in novels by Stendhal, Honoré de Balzac, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and others, I argue that he acted at first as an unwitting and unreconstructed hero of the genre but that, as he wrote the last two stories for Dubliners in 1906-1907, he earned greater perspective over his life and writing. Little Chandler, Gallaher, and Gabriel Conroy proved to be especially important catalysts for a Joyce in evolution from hero to author of his own Bildungsroman
The Mad Hero of Cinema: Scientist as a Mirror of Existential Fears
No full textThis article is dev oted to one of the archetypal images in cinema which have been presented in this art from the first years of its appearance The author considers the image of a mentally inadequate scientist not only from the point of view of his dual goal-setting the search for personal immortality and the desire for total power but for the first time his different semantic content is associated with a stable visual embodiment reproduced in films over the past hundred years The author argues that despite the external historical-political and internal figurative-stylistic and technical conditions this type of media-hero preserved its semantic functions and visual characteristics According to the author this is an objective phenomenon because the image of a mad scientist is an archetypal image and acts as a reflection of collective fears that reflect the drama of human existence namely the insoluble contradiction between his desire for immortality and at the same time the fear of losing all that is the essence of ma
Redefining the hero archetype: The hero as pragmatist and idealist
No full textThis is a study on the hero using the philosophies of pragmatism and idealism. The author makes use of the hero\u27s journey and some aspects of pragmatism and idealism in redefining the hero archetype. The hero\u27s journey is taken from Joseph Campbell. It is important to note that the words pragmatism and idealism are referred to in their common sense usage for the purpose of the study
The Author and the Hero in the Work of I. S. Shmelyov “Summer of the Lord”
No full textТ. Филат: ORCID 0000-0002-9360-895XRU: Проблема автора, которая справедливо считается особенно сложной и важной в современном литературоведении, прошла длительный и драматический путь изучения от «автоцентризма» биографической школы до «смерти автора». Значительную роль в «возвращении» автора в сферу литературоведческих исследований сыграла теория лингвистики текста, сформированная на стыке поэтики, риторики, стилистики, семиотики, психолингвистики. Исследователи проблемы автора должны сосредотачиваться не только на «образе автора» и формах его присутствия в тексте, но и на реальном «первичном авторе».UK: Проблема автора, яка справедливо вважається особливо складною і важливою в сучасному літературознавстві, пройшла тривалий і драматичний шлях вивчення від «автоцентрізма» біографічної школи до «смерті автора». Значну роль в «поверненні» автора в сферу літературознавчих досліджень відіграла теорія лінгвістики тексту, сформована на стику поетики, риторики, стилістики, семіотики, психолінгвістики. Дослідники проблеми автора повинні зосереджуватися не тільки на «образі автора» і формах його присутності в тексті, але і на реальному «первинному автора».EN: In the article an important and complicated problem of the modern literary studies, the problem of the author and hero is analyzed. Key components of the work poetics in relatedness with the figure of the author and hero are considered. Headline complex in Shmelyov’s «Summer of the Lord» as an important form of a direct author’s presence in the work is investigated. Relationships between the author and hero are treated as relationships of «cognizing» (autobiographical hero) and «cognized» (author) the world of orthodox yearly «Feasts, Joys, Sorrows». The role of autobiographical origin in the dialog «author – hero» as well as the role of myth-poetical author’s consciousness is underlined.ГУ «Днепропетровская медицинская академия МЗ Украины», Днипр
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