1,721,211 research outputs found
Agricultural Trade Liberalization in a New Trade Round : Perspectives of Developing Countries and Transition Economies
No full textThis discussion paper contains seven
studies, designed to a) review, and assess the impact of the
implementation of the Uruguay Round (UR) Agreement on
Agriculture, and, b) to analyze the key issues, interests,
and options for developing countries in the new World Trade
Organization's (WTO) round of multilateral trade
negotiations in agriculture. Six regional case studies are
presented: Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, Latin America,
Eastern Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and industrial
countries. A quantitative analysis of the dynamics of
multilateral liberalization in food, and agricultural trade
is also presented. Among some of the key conclusions, it is
suggested that much preparatory work was achieved in
bringing agriculture fully into the multilateral trading
system during the UR, and, a significant achievement was the
development of a broad framework for reductions in
trade-distorting policies. The UR was also successful in
negotiating reduced volumes of subsidized exports, and in
providing at least, minimum levels of access to markets.
There were, however, a number of limitations in both what
was agreed to, and in how the Agreement in Agriculture has
actually been implemented, as the analyses show that the
work achieved during the UR, will be of limited value,
unless market distortions in agriculture can be reduced
substantially. If liberal agricultural trade is to succeed,
its limitations should be addressed, and policy induced
distortions to agricultural production, be substantially reduced
Poverty and the WTO : Impacts of the Doha Development Agenda
No full textThis study reports on the findings from
a major international research project investigating the
poverty impacts of a potential Doha Development Agenda
(DDA). It combines in a novel way the results from several
strands of research. First, it draws on an intensive
analysis of the DDA Framework Agreement, with particularly
close attention paid to potential reforms in agriculture.
The scenarios are built up using newly available tariff line
data, and their implications for world markets are
established using a global modeling framework. These world
trade impacts form the basis for 12 country case studies of
the national poverty impacts of these DDA scenarios. The
focus countries are Bangladesh, Brazil (2 studies),
Cameroon, China (2 studies), Indonesia, Mexico, Mozambique,
the Philippines, the Russian Federation, and Zambia.
Although the diversity of approaches taken in these studies
limits the ability to draw broader conclusions, an
additional study that provides a 15-country cross-section
analysis is aimed at this objective. Finally, a global
analysis provides estimates for the world as a whole
'1992': trade and welfare: a general equilibrium model.
No full textThis paper investigates the consequences of the completion of the internal market in the EC using a computable general equilibrium model of trade under imperfect competition. The focus of the paper is the welfare consequences of reducing trade barriers and the changes in production and trade flows with the rest of the world. Welfare changes by country are reported and these are decomposed by source of gain. Two sets of results are reported: a 'segmented market' experiment where trade costs are reduced by an amount equal to 2.5% of the value of trade, and an 'integrated market' experiment in which there is the same trade cost reduction plus a switch from a segmented to an integrated market equilibrium. In both cases we find large welfare effects arising from imperfect competition. Intra-EC trade liberalization has pro-competitive effects which make a substantial contribution to the welfare change in the first set of experiments and are the most important component of the welfare change in the second set
Trade Liberalization and Spatial Inequality:A Methodological Innovation in Vietnamese Perspective
No full text
Regionalism and the Rest of the World: The Irrelevance of the Kemp-Wan Theorem.
No full textMany commentators purport to use the Kemp-Wan (1976) theorem to discuss the effects of regional integration schemes on nonmember countries and to operationalize the theorem in terms of the share of member countries' imports coming from nonmembers. The author shows that Kemp and Wan say nothing about changes in nonmember welfare and that the latter is more closely related to nonmembers' imports than to their shares of members' markets. The author suggests that a new approach to this issue is required. Copyright 1997 by Royal Economic Society.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Comment on Vanessa Strauss-Kahn's article "The role of globalization in the within-industry shift away from unskilled workers in France"
No full textModelling the Interactive Effects of Alternative Sets of Policies on Agricultural Prices: Discussion.
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