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    PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA PELAKU UNJUK RASA YANG (Studi Kasus Pembakaran Kantor Satuan Lalu Lintas Polresta Sawah Lunto)

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    Secara jelas dan tegas Konstitusi Negara menyatakan bahwa setiap orang berhak atas kebebasan mengeluarkan pendapat. Kebebasan untuk mengeluarkan pendapat dapat dilalu melalui tulisan maupun lisan. Salah satu cara megeluarkan pendapat yang sering dilakukan setelah reformasi adalah melalui unjuk rasa atau sering di sebut demonstrasi. Demonstrasi merupakan salah satu bagian dari kehidupan demokrasi di suatu negara karena demonstrasi merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengungkapkan pendapat dimuka umum. Namun aksi unjuk rasa atau demonstrasi yang mulai marak akhir-akhir ini terkadang disertai juga dengan tindakan yang tidak bertanggungjawab yaitu dengan melakukan pengerusakan fasilitas umum, yang tentunya bertentangan dengan tujuan dari unjuk rasa atau demonstrasi itu sendiri. Salah satu contoh demonstrasi yang berujung pada tindak pidana adalah demonstrasi yang dilakukan oleh warga Kabupaten Sawahlunto Kecamatan Talawi yang merusak bahkan sampai membakar habis Markas Satuan Polisi Lalulintas Polrestata Sawahlunto. Dari uraian tersebut maka menarik untuk membahas mengenai (1) bagaimanakah pertanggungjawaban pidana pelaku unjuk rasa yang bersifat anarkis pada kasus perusakan dan pembakaran kantor Satlantas Sawah Lunto? (1) apakah yang menjadi dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan pidana terhadap pelaku unjuk rasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis sosiologis yang bersifat deskriptif. Data penelitian meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah dengan wawancara dan studi dokumen. Pengolahan data dilakukan dalam dua proses yaitu editing dan coding. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penulis menyimpulkan bahwa pertanggungjawaban pidana pelaku unjuk rasa yang bersifat anarkis pada kasus perusakan dan pembakaran kantor Satlantas Sawahlunto harus dinilai dari 3 (tiga) aspek yaitu : adanya perbuatan melawan hukum, adanya kemampuan bertanggungjawab dan ketidak adaan alasan pembenar maupun pemaaf. Ketiga aspek tersebut lah yang dapat memutuskan bahwa sebuah pertanggungjawaban pidana dapat dilaksanakan dan yang menjadi dasar pertimbangan hakim adalah Pertimbangan terhadap aspek yuridis yang mencakup tuntutan yang diajukan oleh jaksa penuntut umum dan pembuktian sehingga menimbulkan keyakinan bahwa adanya unsur kesalahan berupa kesengajaan sebagai kemungkinan (dolus eventualis atau voorwaardelijk opzet)

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

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