1,720,979 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Liberty time in question: historical duration and indigenous refusal in post-revolutionary Bolivia
No full textThis article examines revolutionary discourses of national historical transformation in Bolivia and tracks the ways those discourses are appropriated, contested, and recast by farmers in the rural agricultural province of Ayopaya. During fieldwork carried out with Quechua-speaking farmers in Ayopaya between 2011 and 2012, I learned about people's enduring concerns with a recent hacienda past. Against governmental declarations that Bolivia's colonial past was dead or had passed, farmers meditated on the duration of earlier histories of colonial land dispossession and violations of indigenous sovereignty. Talk about the region's oppressive history here allowed people to assess deficient state aid and resources but also to oppose unwelcome state interventions pushing a legal model of bounded collectivity. I trace the ways that farmers and villagers mobilized the hacienda past to address inequitable land tenure, violated sovereignty, and women's marginalization from political life, and thereby raise new questions about the critical possibilities opened up by the re-politicization of this colonial history. Rural support for Bolivia's Movement Toward Socialism party government eroded nearly a decade ago, and this complicates both triumphalist and defeatist accounts of President Evo Morales' 2019 resignation, which tend to paint Morales' rural indigenous supporters as innocent and naïve
Grounding fire: from climate affect to imperfect alliance in La Chiquitania
No full textThe lowland Bolivian region of La Chiquitania, straddling the Amazon and La Plata River basins, has been severely impacted by recent wildfires. Wildfires increasingly act as an extractivist method for deforesting landscapes, facilitating the conversion of land into property and of subsoil, timber, meat, soy, and minerals into commodities slated for international markets. This article explores how wildfires render landscapes disposable not only for capital but also for a set of environmental mediations that can disempower those most afflicted by climate change. For those targeted by these interventions, wildfires and conservation responses reproduce aspects of earlier histories of territorial displacement by colonial Jesuits, Spanish plantation owners, white and mestizo agro-capitalists, and anti-Indigenous conservationists. Building from collaborative research in this region, I ask how these fires elicit new reflections upon a racialized history of land dispossession to which Indigenous people have been subjected. Against presumptions of a shared atmosphere of harm—the myth of universalism underlying what I call climate affect—the allied responses to wildfire in Chiquitos that I discuss foreground the unequal harms of an ongoing but not new climate apocalypse
Más allá de la inocencia: Indigeneidad y despliegues violentos de la sinrazón política en Bolivia
No full textThis paper focuses on what critics have charged were false and duplicitous appeals to Indigeneity on the part of elected officials in twenty-first century Bolivia, a narrative confirmed by President Evo Morales’s continued support for neo-extractivist nationalism. Although such critiques gained sway among far-right critics of Morales in the months preceding his 2019 ousting, scholarly efforts to account for his removal also often approach Indigeneity either as a resilient anti-extractivist plurality or as a manipulated instrument emptied of content. Building from fieldwork and historiographical studies, this article shifts away from such charges of falsity or innocence to instead examine the relational workings of Indigeneity in a setting long defined by Quechua and Aymara skepticism toward programs of government-based uplift and historical redemption. Beyond providing a framework for authorizing and “knowing” Indigeneity, I examine how introduced notions of racialized difference have been key to popular Quechua and Aymara efforts to contest political, religious, and labor incursions. Among rural supporters in the decade preceding Morales’s ousting, shared appeals to Indigenous belonging and historical rootedness allowed new channels of claim-making. Rather than being neutralized, politicized invocations of shared Indigeneity contributed to a relational terrain by which supporters demanded elected officials’ responsiveness given what they perceived as the failures of institutional decolonization and the tragedies of state abandonment.Este artículo se centra en lo que los críticos han identificado como apelaciones falsas y engañosas al indigenismo por parte de los funcionarios electos en la Bolivia del siglo XXI, una narrativa confirmada por el continuo apoyo del presidente Evo Morales al nacionalismo neoextractivista. Aunque estas críticas ganaron terreno entre la crítica de extrema derecha en los meses previos a la destitución de Morales en 2019, los esfuerzos académicos para explicar su destitución también suelen abordar el indigenismo como una pluralidad antiextractivista resistente o como un instrumento manipulado vaciado de contenido. Partiendo del trabajo de campo y de estudios historiográficos, este artículo se aleja de tales acusaciones de falsedad o inocencia para examinar, en cambio, el funcionamiento relacional del indigenismo en un entorno definido desde hace mucho tiempo por el escepticismo quechua y aymara hacia programas gubernamentales de redención histórica. Más allá de proporcionar un marco para autorizar y "conocer" la indigeneidad, examino cómo las nociones introducidas de diferencia racializada han sido clave en los esfuerzos populares quechuas y aymaras para oponerse a incursiones políticas, religiosas y laborales. Entre los simpatizantes rurales en la década anterior al derrocamiento de Morales, alegatos a la pertenencia indígena y al arraigo histórico permitieron canales de reivindicación. En lugar de ser neutralizadas, las invocaciones politizadas de la indigeneidad compartida contribuyeron a crear un terreno relacional en el que los partidarios exigían de los funcionarios electos receptividad ante lo que percibían como los fracasos de la descolonización institucional y las tragedias del abandono del Estado
Masculinity’s mis(fortune) historicizing affect as extractivist infrastructure in Bolivian sodalite mining
No full textHow is alienability produced as a mode of relation? Is capital a (racialized) affect? This article examines clashing expectations about minerals, specifically sodalite, at the Cerro Sapo mine in Ayopaya Bolivia. It describes how Cerro Sapo's current owner, a white Kenyan, engaged in narrative and bodily practices that sought to detach him from earlier labor histories and Indigenous demands for redistributive aid. Through a life history approach, the analysis centers one figure to provide insight into what capitalism looks like on the ground. This case sharpens scholarly understanding of the affective workings of extraction, highlighting the need to historicize feelings of trust and accountability by dis-aggregating the figure of “the mine” and “the firm.” By illuminating Cerro Sapo's continuities with, and revisions to, colonial structures of racial violence and exchange, the article aims to advance studies of racial capitalism and add a new layer to public debates about colonial debts and reparations for slavery
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