25 research outputs found
Diversity of Fish Species in Nat Min Chaung In, Singu Township
No full textThe study was carried out in Nat Min Chaung In from July, 2015 to January 2016 to evaluate the species richness and diversity of fish fauna related to water physiochemical parameters. Collection of data was performed bimonthly. Data were analyzed by Margalef (1958), Simpson (1949), Shannon-Wiener (1949) and Hill (1973). A total of 39 species belonging to 27 genera, 16 families and eight orders were recorded in the study area. The order Cypriniformes (38.46%) was found to be the highest inspecies composition. Among the species recorded, Corica soborna was dominant species. The value of Marglef's richness index, d (3.8165) was the highest in August. The values of Simposon's index D (0.0815), Shannon-Weiner's index H' (2.7879), Hill diversity indices N1 (16.0995), N2 (12.2727) were recorded during November. The highest evenness value E (0.8046) was found in January. According to the value of physiochemical parameter of water in the study area, the maximum depth of water 13.5 m in July and the minimum 4.5 m in January were found. The highest value of water temperature (32.5°C) was observed in July and the lowest value of water temperature (21.4°C) was recorded in December. pH ranged from 7.4 in August to 8.2 in November. Dissolved oxygen ranged from 3.8 mg/L in September to 6.8 mg/L in November. The monthly variation of physiochemical parameters of water quality in the study area directly influenced on the composition, richness and diversity of fish fauna. Based on the result of study, it may be concluded that the richness of fish fauna and species diversity is useful for implementing conservation strategies in order to maintain the sustainability of fisheries in Nat Min Chaung In
Classification of Medical Diagnosis by using Naive Bayesian Classifier
No full textClassification is a form of data analysis that can be used to extract models describing import data class or to predict future data trends. This paper contains two important aspects of pattern recognition that classification problem and evaluate the performance are studied on real-world datasets. This system is to study the Naive Bayesian classifier and to classify the class label of two datasets. In this system, classifier is built on the training dataset and test the unknown dataset on the testing dataset. And then, calculate the accuracy of classifier by using the hold-out method. Before the classifier is built, missing value is filled by using mean value and feature value is normalized by using min-max normalization such as preprocessing step. The experiment is performed on two medical datasets from University of California, Irvine (UCI) machine learning database and General Hospital in Mandalay
Cyrtodactylus pyadalinensis Grismer & Wood & Thura & Win & Quah 2019, sp. nov.
No full textCyrtodactylus pyadalinensis sp. nov. Panluang-Pyadalin Cave Bent-toed Gecko (Figs. 5, 6) Holotype. Subadult male CAS 226143 collected during the evening on 16 July 2002 by G.O.U. Wogan, R. S. Lucas, J. V. Vindum, Thin Thin, and A. K. Shein from Panluang-Pyadalin Cave Wildlife Sanctuary, Ywangan Township, Shan State, Myanmar (21.107000°N, 96.352111°E; 220 m in elevation). Paratypes. Subadult male CAS 226142 collected during the evening on 16 July 2002 by Htun Win from Panluang-Pyadalin Cave Wildlife Sanctuary, Ywangan Township, Shan State, Myanmar (21.115801°N, 96.360694°E; 346 m in elevation). Adult female LSUHC 13932 collected at 2100 hrs on 26 March 2018 by Perry L. Wood Jr., Nyo Min Htwe, and L. Lee Grismer from immediately outside the Pyadalin Cave, Panluang-Pyadalin Cave Wildlife Sanctuary, Ywangan Township, Taunggyi District, Shan State, Myanmar (21.13275°N, 96.34026°E; 306m in elevation.) Additional material examined. Hatchling LSUHC 13933 bearing the same locality and collection data as LSUHC 13932 except that it was collected by Nyo Min Htwe, Perry L. Wood Jr., and L. Lee Grismer. Diagnosis. Cyrtodactylus pyadalinensis sp. nov. differs from all other species in the peguensis group by having the unique combination of eight supralabials and 6–8 infralabials; 31–33 paravertebral tubercles; 19–21 longitudinal rows of body tubercles; 38–40 ventral scales; 16–18 subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe; 14 or 15 femoral pores in males; nine or 10 precloacal pores in males; two or three rows of enlarged, post-precloacal scales; top of head bearing dark blotches; 4–6 dark body bands; dark body bands lacking paravertebral elements; and maximum SVL of 72.1 mm (Table 4). Description of holotype. Subadult male, SVL 51.1 mm; head moderate in length (HL/SVL 0.28), wide (HW/ HL 0.61), somewhat flattened (HD/HL 0.37), distinct from neck, triangular in dorsal profile; lores inflated, prefrontal region concave, canthus rostralis rounded; snout elongate (ES/HL 0.39), rounded in dorsal profile; eye large (ED/HL 0.21); ear opening elliptical, moderate in size (EL/HL 0.09); eye to ear distance greater than diameter of eye; rostral rectangular, partially divided dorsally, bordered posteriorly by large left and right supranasals separated small internasal, laterally by first supralabials; external nares bordered anteriorly by rostral, dorsally by large supranasal, posteriorly by three postnasals (upper largest), ventrally by first supralabial; eight (R,L) rectangular supralabials extending to below midpoint of eye; seven (R,L) infralabials tapering smoothly to below posterior margin of eye; scales of rostrum and lores flat, larger than granular scales on top of head and occiput; scales on top of head and occiput intermixed with slightly enlarged tubercles; dorsal supraciliaries not elongate or keeled; mental triangular, bordered laterally by first infralabials and posteriorly by large, left and right trapezoidal postmentals that contact medially for 70% of their length posterior to mental; one row of slightly large chinshields tapering posteriorly to fourth infralabial; and gular and throat scales small, granular, grading posteriorly into larger, flatter, smooth, subimbricate to imbricate, pectoral and ventral scales. Body relatively short (AG/SVL 0.44) with weak ventrolateral folds; dorsal scales small, interspersed with larger, semi-regularly arranged, moderately keeled tubercles; tubercles extend from occiput onto base of tail but no farther; tubercles on occiput and nape smaller than those on posterior portion of body; approximately 21 longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles; 31 paravertebral tubercles; approximately 40 flat, imbricate, ventral scales larger than dorsal scales; nine pore-bearing precloacal scales; two rows of large post-precloacal scales; and no deep precloacal groove or depression. Forelimbs moderate in stature, relatively short (FL/SVL 0.15); flat scales of anterior margin of forearm larger than those on body, not interspersed with tubercles; palmar scales raised; digits relatively short, well-developed, inflected at basal, interphalangeal joints, slightly narrower distal to inflections; claws well-developed, sheathed by a dorsal and ventral scale; hind limbs more robust than forelimbs, moderate in length (TBL/SVL 0.16), covered dorsally by granular scales interspersed with slightly larger, weakly keeled tubercles and anteriorly by large, flat, imbricate scales; ventral scales of femora flat, imbricate, larger than dorsals, lacking a distinct row of enlarged femoral scales; small postfemoral scales form an abrupt union with large, flat ventral scales of posteroventral margin of thigh; subtibial scales flat, imbricate; plantar scales slightly raised; digits relatively short, well- developed, inflected at basal, interphalangeal joints, slightly narrower distal to inflections; 18 subdigital lamellae (R,L) on fourth toe; claws well-developed, base of claw sheathed by a dorsal and ventral scale; two enlarged postcloacal tubercles at base of tail; and postcloacal scales flat. Tail original, 56.9 mm in length, 4.9 mm in width at base, tapering to a point; dorsal scales square and flat; transversely enlarged, median, subcaudal scales twice as wide as long, not extending onto lateral margin of tail in original section. Coloration in life (Fig. 6). Dorsal ground color of head body, limbs, and tail yellow; top of head bearing large, dark-brown, irregularly shaped, conjoined blotches edged in yellow; dark-brown, wide, nuchal loop extending from posterior margin of one eye, across occiput, to posterior margin of other eye; nape bearing a wide, dark-brown band edged in yellow; five wide, dark-brown body bands between limb insertions edged in yellow lacking paravertebral components, posterior three obliquely oriented; large, round, dark-brown markings between body bands; 6–8 smaller, diffuse brown blotches along lower margins of flanks; one dark-brown post-sacral band edged in yellow not bearing paravertebral elements; 12 dark-brown caudal bands wider than the 12 yellow caudal bands; dorsal portion of forelimbs darkly mottled to banded; dorsal portion of hind limbs bearing irregularly shaped, darkbrown blotches edged in yellow; and all ventral surfaces generally beige, immaculate. Variation. The paratypes generally approach the holotype in most aspects of coloration and pattern. The most notable difference is in the dorsal banding pattern where the paratypes have more transversely oriented dark, dorsal bands as opposed to the holotype whose bands are more obliquely oriented. In the paratype CAS 226142, the central band between the limb insertions is somewhat oval-shaped and bears a central light spot. The dark dorsal bands in the paratype LSUHC 13933 are considerably narrower than those of all the other specimens in the type series and the distal one-half of the tail is missing. The paratype LSUHC 13932 has a regenerated tail bearing a dark-beige ground color overlain with small, dark, irregularly shaped markings. Meristic differences among specimens of the type series are resented in Table 5. ……continued on the next page 22 TABLE 5. Meristic, mensural, and color pattern data for Cyrtodactylus pyadalinensis sp. nov. and C. nyinyikyawi sp. nov. / = data unobtainable. ……continued on the next page Distribution. Cyrtodactylus pyadalinensis sp. nov. is known only from the vicinity of the Panluang-Pyadalin Cave in the Panluang-Pyadalin Cave Wildlife Sanctuary, Ywangan Township, Taunggyi District, Shan State, Myanmar (Fig. 1). Etymology. The specific epithet, pyadalinensis, is a toponym referring to the type locality in the vicinity of the Pyadalin Cave. Natural history. The type series of Cyrtodactylus pyadalinensis sp. nov. were all collected in the vicinity of the Kinda Reservoir between the Panulaung River and the Pyadalin Cave. This area is within the foothills and rocky plain of the Nwalabo Mountain range on the western fringe of the Shan Plateau (Fig. 1) between 213 and 306 m in elevation. The habitat is composed of low-lying, highly eroded terrain and scree of the Nwalabo Mountains. It bears scattered karstic rocks and boulders surrounded by disturbed, drought-adapted, scrub Indiang Forest vegetation that is seasonally burned (Fig. 7). All specimens were found at night between 1900 and 2300 hrs among small rocks and leaf-leaf litter. Comparisons. Cyrtodactylus pyadalinensis sp. nov. descends from one of the deeper divergences of the peguensis group and the sister species to the clade (C. niyniykyawi sp. nov. (C. peguensis (C. pyinyaungensis and C. myintkyawthurai))) from which it differs by an uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence of 9.0–10.3%. From C. meersi and C. annandalei which occur outside this clade, it differs by 10.7–11.0% and 14.0–14.3%, respectively. It differs from all other species except C. nyinyikyawi sp. nov. in the dark-brown dorsal bands lacking as opposed to having paravertebral elements. It differs further from C. annandalei in that the top of the head is blotched as opposed to being unicolor. Differences from C. nyinyikyawi sp. nov. are presented in the Comparisons section above. Statistically significant mean differences in meristic characters among C. pyadalinensis sp. nov., C. myintkyawthurai, and C. pyinyaungensis are presented in Tables 3 and 4.Published as part of Grismer, L. Lee, Wood, Perry L., Thura, Myint Kyaw, Win, Nay Myo & Quah, Evan S. H., 2019, Two more new species of the Cyrtodactylus peguensis group (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the fringes of the Ayeyarwady Basin, Myanmar, pp. 274-294 in Zootaxa 4577 (2) on pages 284-291, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4577.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/399355
Effect of Different Fertilization Rates on Cyanogen and Foliage and Tuber Yields of Cassava
No full textThis experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different fertilization rates on the cyanogen and yields of cassava foliage and tuber. Nine fertilization rates, three nitrogen and potassium levels (N: 0, 50, 100 kg/ha and K: 0, 100, 250 kg/ha, respectively) with constant phosphorus level (P: 50 kg/ha) (F-0:N0-P50-K0, F-1:N0-P50-K100, F-2:N0-P50-K250, F-3:N50-P50-K0, F-4:N50-P50-K100, F-5:N50-P50-K250, F-6:N100-P50-K0, F-7:N100-P50-K100, F-8:N100-P50-K250), were applied in the randomized completely block design. After one year experiment, cassava foliage and tuber were harvested, and determined the yields and cyanogen (HCNp) content. The lowest (P < 0.05) HCNp contents and the highest (P < 0.05) foliage, tuber and protein yields were observed in cassava applied with F-4 (N50-P50-K100) and F-5 (N50-P50-K250) in compare with other fertilization rates. Regarding growth characteristics, the plant height (P < 0.05) was also highest in cassava fertilized by F-4 (N50-P50-K100) and F-5 (N50-P50-K250), whereas the leaf numbers per plant and branches number per plant were highest in cassava applied with F-5 (N50-P50-K250) and F-7 (N100-P50-K100), respectively. It could be recommended that the nitrogen (N: 50 kg/ha) and potassium (K: 100-250 kg/ha) should be used to reduce cyanogen contents for safe utilization and increased cassava foliage and tuber yields
GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SEED YIELD, AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS IN MUNGBEAN (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) GENOTYPES
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Pattipati and Pariyati Monasteries in Panglong Township
No full textPanglong Township is situated in in Loilen District and composed of four wards. The majority of people in Panglong are Shan and Pa-O nationals and major religion in township is Buddhism. As an attempt to examine the religious conditions in Panglong, this paper examines religious and social activities of five monasteries in the township namely (1) AungMingalarWunEinn Monastery, (2) MyomaMingalarNaungKwyut Monastery, (3) MingalarMwe Taw Monastery, (4) Pītakat Monastery, and (5) Veluwun (Bamboo Forest) Monastery. The people in Panglong built these monasteries by their collective donations with generosity. The grand monasteries in Panglong show the generosity of Shan and Pa-O ethnic nationals. This paper describes the Priyati and Pattipati activities of these monasteries and their achievements in religious courses and examinations. Finally, studying of Pariyati and Pattipati Monasteries in Panglong Township shows how ethnic nationals are pious in religions and how they are generous in donations
Biochemical and biological characterization of the venoms of Naja kaouthia and Naja mandalayensis from Myanmar and neutralization effects of BPI cobra antivenom
No full textSnakebite is a neglected public health issue, with many scientific and medical issues to be solved. Cobras are among the most common venomous snakes in Myanmar and are responsible for a considerable number of severe snakebite envenoming. There are three species of cobra (Naja kaouthia, Naja mandalayensis and Ophiophagus hannah) in Myanmar. The study aims to characterize the N. kaouthia and N. mandalayensis venoms and to investigate the efficacy of anti-cobra antivenom (BPI) against the two venoms. Protein components and fibrinogenolytic activity were determined by SDS-PAGE. Enzymatic activities for PLA2, protease and acetylcholinesterase were determined by spectrophotometric method. Anticoagulant activity was determined by recalcification time of citrated human plasma. Myotoxicity, necrotizing activity, median lethal dose (LD50) and median effective dose (ED50) were determined by WHO recommended methods. The SDS-PAGE displayed the proteins and enzymes containing in two venoms were different. N. kaouthia venom exhibited more in PLA2, acetylcholinesterase, anticoagulant, fibrinogenolytic and necrotizing activities than N. mandalayensis venom. N. mandalayensis venom had more protease activity and myotoxicity than N. kaouthia venom. The median lethal dose (LD50) of N. kaouthia and N. mandalayensis venom was 4.33 μg/mouse and 5.04 μg/mouse respectively. Both venoms induced fibrinogen Aα chain degradation in 30 min (N. kaouthia) and in 6 h (N. mandalayensis). The same median effective dose (ED50) (19.56 μg/mouse) showed that anti-NK antivenom can neutralize against lethal effect of N. mandalayensis venom. It can also neutralize the protease activity, anticoagulant activity and fibrinogenolytic activity of both venoms. Immunodiffusion and immunoblotting studies showed that the antivenom recognized its homologous venom (N. kaouthia) and cross-reacted against the heterologous venom (N. mandalayensis). The anti-NK antivenom is suitable to use for N. mandalayensis bite if monospecific antivenom is not available
Assessing Elite Capture in “Engaging Women and Men Farmers in Participatory Research and Extension” Project: A Case Study in Magway Township
No full textThe study was carried out to assess the existence of elite capture in the Australian Centre for Inter-national Agricultural Research (ACIAR) projected villages. The survey was conducted in three projected villages (Pho Lay Lone, Nat Kan and Aung Myay Kone), Magway Township in June 2017. The data on household livelihoods were collected from 40 households (20 projected households selected by the ACIAR project with predetermined criteria and 20 non-projected households selected randomly) from each of three projected villages to assess their original human, natural, financial, social and physical cap-itals. It was found that almost all of the natural, social and physical capitals of the projected households were higher than those of the non-projected households in Pho Lay Lone and Nat Kan villages. In com-parison the status of human and financial capitals of the projected households was superior to those of the non-projected households in Nat Kan village. It indicated that the project have chosen the households whose livelihood were better than those of the remaining households in Pho Lay Lone and Nat Kan vil-lages. Therefore, elite seemed to capture the project in Pho Lay Lone and Nat Kan villages. In Aung Myay Kone village, most livelihood assets under human, natural, financial, social and physical capitals were not significantly different between the projected and non-projected households. Therefore, elite capture could not be observed in the selection of project households in Aung Myay Kone village. It indi-cated that smallholders had little chance to get the benefits of the project in Pho Lay Lone and Nat Kan villages while the benefit of the project could cover the whole community in Aung Myay Kone village. Therefore, it can be suggested that there should be a proper analysis on the livelihoods of farm house-holds in the target areas before choosing the projected participants to prevent the elite capture
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textIn 2019, an outbreak of chikungunya virus infection occurred in Mandalay, Myanmar, and 3.2% of blood donors and 20.5% of patients who were children were confirmed as being infected. The prevalence rate was up to 6.3% among blood donors. The East Central/South African genotype was predominantly circulating during this outbreak
