50 research outputs found
Triumph or Treaty: Exploring the Impact of Conflict Termination Outcomes on Refugee Return
No full textRefugee return is a crucial part of ending conflicts and achieving lasting peace. Studies indicate that the dynamics of post-conflict developments influence refugees' decisions to return. However, there are gaps in understanding how the conflict termination influences refugee return rates. My thesis addresses these gaps by examining the impact of conflict termination outcomes on refugee return, using credible commitment and trust-based causal pathways. I argue that peace agreements promote higher return rates by enhancing perceptions of commitment to peace and trust in post-conflict stability among the refugees. Using a global time-series cross-sectional dataset and zero-inflated negative binomial regression with fixed effect (FE) estimator, the findings show that peace agreements, rebel victories, and low-conflict activity correlate with higher refugee return rates, while provisions that improve local political and security conditions are also strong predictors. Nonetheless, this thesis challenges the dominant assumption that peace agreements are uniquely effective by suggesting that return may also be influenced by alternative outcomes that impact security and political changes, even in the absence of conflict resolution. This thesis contributes to the study of conflict termination and forced migration by offering new theoretical, empirical, and practical insights into how refugees respond to the outcomes of conflict termination
Triumph or Treaty: Exploring the Impact of Conflict Termination Outcomes on Refugee Return
No full textRefugee return is a crucial part of ending conflicts and achieving lasting peace. Studies indicate that the dynamics of post-conflict developments influence refugees' decisions to return. However, there are gaps in understanding how the conflict termination influences refugee return rates. My thesis addresses these gaps by examining the impact of conflict termination outcomes on refugee return, using credible commitment and trust-based causal pathways. I argue that peace agreements promote higher return rates by enhancing perceptions of commitment to peace and trust in post-conflict stability among the refugees. Using a global time-series cross-sectional dataset and zero-inflated negative binomial regression with fixed effect (FE) estimator, the findings show that peace agreements, rebel victories, and low-conflict activity correlate with higher refugee return rates, while provisions that improve local political and security conditions are also strong predictors. Nonetheless, this thesis challenges the dominant assumption that peace agreements are uniquely effective by suggesting that return may also be influenced by alternative outcomes that impact security and political changes, even in the absence of conflict resolution. This thesis contributes to the study of conflict termination and forced migration by offering new theoretical, empirical, and practical insights into how refugees respond to the outcomes of conflict termination
Eigenvalues for Moderately Damped Linear Systems Determined by Eigensensitivity Analysis
No full textBeyond Federalism? : Inclusion, Citizenship, and Minorities Without Territory in Myanmar's Spring Revolution
No full textMyanmar’s unofficial minorities encompass diverse religious and ethnic groups excluded from Myanmar’s list of 135 officially recognised “national races.” They face exclusion due to their citizenship status as well as societal prejudices and entrenched discrimination against minority communities. Yet, debates over politics, federalism, and power-sharing in Myanmar primarily concern the relationship between the officially recognised ethnic minorities and the majority Bamar population. The Spring Revolution has opened the door to “rethink federalism,” suggesting that moving beyond historically entrenched binaries of unity or ethnonational federalism may be on the table. Understanding how unofficial minorities face discrimination and disenfranchisement as well as inclusion, is imperative in not only imagining a new political system following a successful Spring Revolution, but in expanding the revolutionary process. Yet, discussions related to minorities and diversity have centred on the pre-coup model of ethno-nationalist federalism as a post-revolution power-sharing arrangement. With minority rights tied to increased autonomy for minority-dominated territories, how do minorities without territory meaningfully participate in or benefit from the revolution? How can the recognition of Myanmar’s unofficial minorities – an estimated 10% of the population – be ensured? “Rethinking federalism” highlights relationships between territory, citizenship, and belonging in the Spring Revolution
Alcohol Consumption and Current Situation of Drinking Risk Level Among University Students in Mandalay Region
No full textBackground: In Myanmar, alcohol consumption among university students had been recognized as a major public health concern. A cross-sectional study was done to investigate drinking alcohol and risk level assessment using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and examined the reasons of alcohol uses and types of beverage preference consumed.
Methods: The two universities from three districts in Mandalay region were randomly selected, from which 976 students (stratified by academic year and sex) were contributed in self-administered questionnaire.
Results: The mean age at first drinking alcohol among the participants was 16.36_0.15 years with range of 16 to 19 years. The drinking risk level assessment using the AUDIT test, nearly half of the participants 48.7% were abstainers and 86 (8.8%) were high risk drinkers while 28 (2.9%) had alcohol dependency. Among those, 57.8% had experiences of alcohol drinking and the favorite beverage of the university students who drink alcohol was beer. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that gender, smoking habit and living situation for drinking were significant predictors of alcohol consumption among university students. The results found out that living separately with parents and smoking habits were important factors for drinking alcohol with statistically significant at 95% confidence level.
Conclusion: It provided evidence-based findings for knowing the alcohol consumption risk level among university students to prevent social deprivation and health risk behaviors. Findings from this study indicate a need for law governing, strictly prohibits the sale of alcohol directly or indirectly to those under the age of eighteen years. The alcohol intervention program can be helpful in modifying behaviors change communication in health promotion of university students.
Keywords: Alcohol consumption, AUDIT test, drinking risk level, university students and binary logistic regression
Received: 12 April 2019 Reviewed: 18 June 2019 Revised: 25 June 2019 Accepted: 8 July 2019
DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-3358
Beyond Federalism? [Elektronisk resurs] : Inclusion, Citizenship, and Minorities Without Territory in Myanmar's Spring Revolution
No full textMyanmar’s unofficial minorities encompass diverse religious and ethnic groups excluded from Myanmar’s list of 135 officially recognised “national races.” They face exclusion due to their citizenship status as well as societal prejudices and entrenched discrimination against minority communities. Yet, debates over politics, federalism, and power-sharing in Myanmar primarily concern the relationship between the officially recognised ethnic minorities and the majority Bamar population. The Spring Revolution has opened the door to “rethink federalism,” suggesting that moving beyond historically entrenched binaries of unity or ethnonational federalism may be on the table. Understanding how unofficial minorities face discrimination and disenfranchisement as well as inclusion, is imperative in not only imagining a new political system following a successful Spring Revolution, but in expanding the revolutionary process. Yet, discussions related to minorities and diversity have centred on the pre-coup model of ethno-nationalist federalism as a post-revolution power-sharing arrangement. With minority rights tied to increased autonomy for minority-dominated territories, how do minorities without territory meaningfully participate in or benefit from the revolution? How can the recognition of Myanmar’s unofficial minorities – an estimated 10% of the population – be ensured? “Rethinking federalism” highlights relationships between territory, citizenship, and belonging in the Spring Revolution
Influence of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Pollen Germination and Spikelet Sterility in Improved Rice Varieties
No full textGlobal warming is expected to increase the occurrence of heat induced spikelet sterility (HISS) in rice. However, there are few field-scale studies that could aid in predicting the potential risks to rice yield and developing countermeasures against yield losses. Therefore, this study was carried out to iden-tify the effect of high temperature on pollen fertility and spikelet sterility in improved rice genotypes and to assess the heat tolerance genotypes among the improved rice varieties during 2016 summer rice sea-son with twelve improved rice varieties in the field of Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Ecology with Randomized Complete Block design. The tested varieties were sown three different times to ensure engaged with high temperature stress at flowering time. The microclimate, pollination and spikelet sterility were examined. During observation periods the maximum air temperature was more than 35 °C, at that time the relative humidity was reduced (19-32 %) with high wind speeds (2–4 m s-1). Under such condition, there was supported microclimate for stable pollination even the temperature more than 35 °C. The average duration of high temperature above 35 °C was around 8 hours. Similarly the average nighttime temperature (7:00 pm – 7:00 am) was ranged 27-32 °C. Among tested genotypes, Thu Kha Yin, Shwe Thwe Yin, Zi Yar 9 and Shwe Ma Naw had higher seed set percentage (around 58-75 %). The results revealed that these four genotypes were promising genotypes for future breeding pro-gram related to heat toleranc
Experimental Studies of Heat Transfer for Air-Water Mist Flow Impinging on an Isothermal Plate
No full textUnderstanding the Relationship between Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Staff of an University in Malaysia
No full textBackground. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was found to be one of the strongest markers in predicting the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study was to determine the AIP and its relationship with other CVD risk factors. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study was done among 349 staff of a public university in Sarawak. Data were collected using questionnaire, blood sampling, and anthropometric and blood pressure measurement. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. Results. A total of 349 respondents participated with majority females (66.8%), aged 38.5 ± 7.82 years. Nearly 80% of the respondents were overweight and obese, 87.1% with high and very high body fat, and 46.9% with abnormal visceral fat. For AIP category, 8.9% were found to be in intermediate and 16.4% were at high risk. Elevated lipid profile showed that total cholesterol (TC) is 15.5%, low density lipoprotein (LDL) is 16.1%, and triglyceride (TG) is 10.6%. AIP was significantly correlated with body mass index (r=0.25), visceral fat (r=0.37), TC (r=0.22), LDL (0.24), HDL (r=−0.72), TG (r=0.84), glucose (r=0.32), systolic blood pressure (r=0.22), and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.28). Conclusion. It indicated that AIP is associated with other CVD risk factors. Modification of lifestyle is strongly recommended
Bago River Sub-basin Management Plan
No full textProject leader: Ingrid NesheimThe report presents the “Bago River Sub-basin Management Plan” a plan which has been prepared by the Bago River Sub-basin Committee, with input from the Bago Non-governmental Stakeholder Group during the period of 2016 - 2018. The process of developing this plan, including also the participatory process for input to the plan is described. Pressures and trends as identified for Bago and the ecological status of water body groups in Bago are described. The report includes an overview of abatement measures with reference to, ongoing measures and planned measures within the next five years.Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation Myanmar The Norwegian embassy in Yangon, MyanmarpublishedVersio
