7 research outputs found
Effect of impression technique and material on accuracy of implant impressions
No full textDental implant treatment becomes one of the most predictable and successful dental rehabilitation therapies. After successful osseointegration, impression making is one of the most important and critical steps in implant prothesis fabrication for long term successful use. An accurate impression and stone casts are extremely important because inaccuracy in any of these can lead to mechanical and /or biological complications which ultimately result in failure of implant restoration.
An in vitro study was carried out to evaluate linear dimensional accuracy of implant impressions by using different silicone impression materials and different impression techniques.
Four implants (Arrow Mytis Implant System, Brainbase Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) were parallelly placed in the edentulous mandible model using the surgical guide at canines and first molar areas. Fixture-level impressions were made by using addition silicone (Perfit, Huge, Rizhao, China) or condensation silicone (Silect Set, Muller-Omicron GmbH&Co.KG, Germany) with putty-light body wash one-step procedure, with closed tray or open tray technique and poured with dental stone (Silky Rock, Type IV stone, U.S.A). Three hours after removal of impression from the stone cast, four measurements (AB, BC, CD, AD) were taken between implants by using digital slide caliper (Hummer, Thailand) with accuracy of +0.03mm. Data was analyzed by using one-way ANOVA.
There was no statistically significant difference in deviation of linear dimension between the impression materials and techniques. It is concluded that both addition and condensation silicones may ensure acceptable accuracy with either closed tray or open tray technique for implant impressions.HOW TO CITE: San SP, Win TN, Aung T, Lin AZ, Aung S, Aung KH, Nyan M, Tint K. Effect of impression technique and material on accuracy of implant impressions. J Clin Dent Rel Res [Internet]. 2020Nov.22;1(1):44-51. Available from: http://www.jcdrr-udmm.com/jcdrr/article/view/2
Influence of Phosphorus and Boron Application on Yield and Yield Attributes of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
No full textThe intensification of agricultural practices and restricted use of phosphorus and boron fertilizers have contributed to the depletion of soil nutrients, leading to deficiencies that hinder farmers\u27 ability to reach their desired production targets. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of phosphorus (P) and boron (B) applications on the yield and yield attributing characters of mungbean, along with determining the optimal nutrient doses for maximizing yields. Field experiments were conducted at the Soil and Water Science field of Yezin Agricultural University during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons of 2024. The experimental design followed a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. This included four levels of P (P0, P1, P2, P3: 0, 20, 40, and 60 kg P ha-1) and three levels of B (B0, B1, B2: 0, 0.5, and 1.0 kg B ha-1), along with a blanket dose of 20:40 kg N: K ha-1 as basal. There were twelve treatments in each block. The tested cultivar is yezin-15. The results revealed that both individual and combined applications of P and B significantly enhanced mungbean yield and its attributes. The highest yields were achieved with individual applications of 60 kg P ha-1 and 1.0 kg B ha-1 in both seasons. The combined treatment of P3B2 (60 kg P ha-1 + 1.0 kg B ha-1) yielded the best results for seed yield, plant height, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, and total dry matter in both seasons. This treatment was statistically similar to P2B2 (40 kg P ha-1 + 1.0 kg B ha-1) and P3B1 (60 kg P ha-1 + 0.5 kg B ha-1). Thus, P2B2 is recommended as the optimal dose for increasing mungbean yield in similar agroecological zones. This research provides valuable insights for farmers aiming to optimize fertilizer use and improve crop yields in nutrient-depleted soils. Future studies could explore long-term effects and broader applicability across diverse environments to further refine nutrient management strategies for mungbean cultivation
Farmers’ Weed Management Practices in Green Gram-based Cropping Systems in Central Dry Zone of Myanmar
No full textThe aim of this study was to observe the farmers’ practices for weed control in green gram cultiva-tion in the Central Dry Zone of Myanmar. Individual interviews were conducted in 15 villages from Tatkon and Magway townships during 2015. Random simple sampling was used to select 73 green gram growers from Tatkon township and 81 growers from Magway township. Survey data analysis were done by descriptive statistics. Farmers in the study areas commonly practised a total of ten green gram-based cropping patterns. The majority of farmers practiced green gram – rice pattern (pattern-1) in Tatkon low-land, green gram – vegetable pattern (pattern-7) and green gram – cotton pattern (pattern-8) in Tatkon upland, and sesame – green gram pattern (pattern-9) in Magway upland area. Majority of respondents in the study areas traditionally practised inter-cultivation with animal drawn implements and hand weeding. Only a few farmers in both regions used chemical combined with manual control. Nobody in both re-gions used chemical control alone. Although one time of inter-cultivation and one time of hand weeding in Tatkon and three times of inter-cultivation and two times of hand weeding in Magway were mainly practised, most of farmers in Tatkon practised hoe weeding as additional methods. Frequencies of weed-ing among the study areas were different depending on type of intercrops and weed density in the field. This difference was found not only in all patterns but also within a pattern
Weed Infestation in Green Gram-based Cropping Systems in Central Dry Zone of MyanmarWeed Infestation in Green Gram-based Cropping Systems in Central Dry Zone of Myanmar
No full textThe study was carried out with two objectives (1) to find out the dominant weeds and common weeds in green gram growing areas of the central dry zone, and (2) to examine weed intensity in differ-ent green gram-based cropping patterns. Dominant weed species were Echinochloa colona, Paspalum distichum and Cyperus iria in Tatkon lowland, Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus iria and Echinochloa colona in Tatkon upland, Cyperus iria and Cyperus rotundus in Magway upland. Common weed species were Cyperus iria and Echinochloa colona in Tatkon lowland, Cyperus iria and Cynodon dactylon in Tatkon upland and Achyrathes aspera, Cyperus rotundus, Cleome viscose, Commelina benghalensis, Digitaia ciliaris, Dactylonctenium aegyptimum, Leucas lanvandulifolia, Phyllanthus niruri, Richardia brasili-ensis and Scirpus juncoides in Magway upland. A total of ten green gram-based cropping patterns were mainly observed in the study areas. Among these patterns, pattern 4 in Tatkon lowland, pattern 5 in Tat-kon upland and pattern 10 in Magway upland could give benefits of reducing the weed density. Pattern 3 and pattern 1 could limit the chance of dominating weed species. Pattern 6 and pattern 9 could maintain diversity of weed flora without substantial increase of weed density in the dry zone area of Myanmar. Weed infestation in all patterns were varying with crops and associated with management practices and, accordingly, these factors may cause various weed species composition
Effect of generalised access to early diagnosis and treatment and targeted mass drug administration on Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Eastern Myanmar : an observational study of a regional elimination programme
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND:Potentially untreatable Plasmodium falciparum malaria threatens the Greater Mekong subregion. A previous series of pilot projects in Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam suggested that mass drug administration was safe, and when added to provision of early diagnosis and treatment, could reduce the reservoir of P falciparum and interrupts transmission. We examined the effects of a scaled-up programme of this strategy in four townships of eastern Myanmar on the incidence of P falciparum malaria.METHODS:The programme was implemented in the four townships of Myawaddy, Kawkareik, Hlaingbwe, and Hpapun in Kayin state, Myanmar. Increased access to early diagnosis and treatment of malaria was provided to all villages through community-based malaria posts equipped with rapid diagnostic tests, and treatment with artemether-lumefantrine plus single low-dose primaquine. Villages were identified as malarial hotspots (operationally defined as >40% malaria, of which 20% was P falciparum) with surveys using ultrasensitive quantitative PCR either randomly or targeted at villages where the incidence of clinical cases of P falciparum malaria remained high (ie, >100 cases per 1000 individuals per year) despite a functioning malaria post. During each survey, a 2 mL sample of venous blood was obtained from randomly selected adults. Hotspots received targeted mass drug administration with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine plus single-dose primaquine once per month for 3 consecutive months in addition to the malaria posts. The main outcome was the change in village incidence of clinical P falciparum malaria, quantified using a multivariate, generalised, additive multilevel model. Malaria prevalence was measured in the hotspots 12 months after mass drug administration.FINDINGS:Between May 1, 2014, and April 30, 2017, 1222 malarial posts were opened, providing early diagnosis and treatment to an estimated 365 000 individuals. Incidence of P falciparum malaria decreased by 60 to 98% in the four townships. 272 prevalence surveys were undertaken and 69 hotspot villages were identified. By April 2017, 50 hotspots were treated with mass drug administration. Hotspot villages had a three times higher incidence of P falciparum at malarial posts than neighbouring villages (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2·7, 95% CI 1·8-4·4). Early diagnosis and treatment was associated with a significant decrease in P falciparum incidence in hotspots (IRR 0·82, 95% CI 0·76-0·88 per quarter) and in other villages (0·75, 0·73-0·78 per quarter). Mass drug administration was associated with a five-times decrease in P falciparum incidence within hotspot villages (IRR 0·19, 95% CI 0·13-0·26). By April, 2017, 965 villages (79%) of 1222 corresponding to 104 village tracts were free from P falciparum malaria for at least 6 months. The prevalence of wild-type genotype for K13 molecular markers of artemisinin resistance was stable over the three years (39%; 249/631).INTERPRETATION:Providing early diagnosis and effective treatment substantially decreased village-level incidence of artemisinin-resistant P falciparum malaria in hard-to-reach, politically sensitive regions of eastern Myanmar. Targeted mass drug administration significantly reduced malaria incidence in hotspots. If these activities could proceed in all contiguous endemic areas in addition to standard control programmes already implemented, there is a possibility of subnational elimination of P falciparum.FUNDING:The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Regional Artemisinin Initiative (Global Fund against AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria), and the Wellcome Trust
A mixed methods study investigating factors affecting adherence to Plasmodium vivax malaria primaquine radical cure regimens among migrants along the Myanmar-Thailand border
No full textBackground: The countries within the Greater Mekong Region of Southeast Asia have pledged to eliminate malaria by 2030. Elimination of Plasmodium vivax malaria is challenging as it requires radical cure to prevent relapse. Understanding and facilitating adherence to primaquine radical cure regimens is necessary for malaria elimination. Methods: A convergent parallel mixed methods study was conducted to investigate the barriers to and facilitators for completing primaquine treatment of P. vivax infection among mobile migrant communities on the Myanmar-Thailand border. Quantative data were derived from routine malaria consultations. Qualitative data, informed by the social cognitive theory and health belief model, were collected through in-depth interviews with patients and focus group discussions with local health providers and community leaders. Results: Of 729 adult patients with primaquine treatment outcomes, 45% did not complete the follow-up of 28 days and were assumed to be non-adherent to primaquine treatment. Patients of Karen ethnicity (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.3; p = 0.001) or having a previous episode of malaria from any species (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.3; p = 0.007) were more likely to report completing the 14-day primaquine radical cure regimen. Five focus group discussions with front-line healthcare workers and community members and 16 in-depth interviews with patients who were prescribed P. vivax radical cure were conducted. Key themes related to the social cognitive theory included behavioral factors where work outweighed the choice to complete treatment; environmental factors where access to care determined primaquine treatment completion; and cognitive factors having a positive but limited influence on treatment completion. According to the health belief model, prioritizaton of work reduced seeking diagnosis and completing treatment, and often outweighed facilitating factors such as malaria literacy, health education, and social norms; and affected the perceived susceptibility and severity of P. vivax infections. Discussion: Work and productivity were identified as primary behavioral factors affecting adherence to primaquine radical cure and follow up in a migrant population. Community support and cultural cues may overcome these barriers. Understanding the rationale of patient adherence to primaquine may help guide programming for P. vivax elimination among migrant populations in resource-constrained settings
