33,105 research outputs found
"Cronica der Turckey" Sebastian Franck's Translation of the "Tractatus de Moribus, Condicionibus et Nequitia Turcorum" by Georgius de Hungaria
No full textThe Tractatus de moribus, condicionibus et nequitia Turcorum is one of the most important first-hand accounts of life in fifteenth-century Turkey known to modern scholarship. It is the work of a Christian former slave of the Turks, writing after his return to the West. Although the author does not name himself, he can be identified as a
Dominican priest, Georgius de Hungaria, who died in Rome in 1502. His Tractatus is conceived as a work of anti-Islamic polemic, yet it contains a surprisingly unbiased appraisal of Turkish customs.
First printed c.1480 when European apprehension in the face of Ottoman expansion was at its height, the Tractatus was reprinted in numerous editions, and was widely used as a
source by other authors. Luther edited the text in 1530, using the positive account of Turkish customs and religious observance as a weapon in his polemic against the Roman
Catholic Church: if heathens could perform such exemplary works, who could fail to doubt the efficacy of works as a means of salvation?
Sebastian Franck in his German translation of the Tractatus went further: replacing Georgius' commentary with his own, he used the text to attack institutional religion as a
whole and to promote his concept of a non-dogmatic, spiritual Church of individuals united with each other only through their union with God -a Church which was not closed to Moslems or members of any other creed. This translation or adaptation, the Cronica der Türckey, marks Franck's decisive break with the Lutheran cause and the beginning of his lonely path as a 'spiritual individualist'. Franck reworked his translation of the Tractatus for his major geographical work, the Weltbuch of 1534.
This thesis concerns itself primarily with Franck's Cronica, providing the first modern critical edition of this text, in a near-diplomatic transcription with an extensive glossary. The thesis also includes transcriptions of the Tractatus; of Türckei, an anonymous translation of the Tractatus, and of relevant additional material from Franck's Weltbuch. None of these texts has been published in full in a modern edition.
In the Introduction Franck's Cronica is compared in detail with the Tractatus, highlighting the changes that occur in translation; the character and the significance of these changes are then discussed. It is established that Franck, whilst being unwilling to reverse any of Georgius' value judgements on Islam and Turkish culture, is highly selective in his choice of material for translation, and frequently gives the text new nuances and adds his own
comment. The question of the Tractatus' influence on Franck's further development as a writer and thinker is also raised.
The investigation then turns to Franck's use of the Tractatus material in his Weltbuch. His eclecticism becomes apparent in this text, in which Georgius' account is juxtaposed - but not synthesised - with material from other sources, often of lesser veracity and greater anti-Islamic bias. Franck's distortion of the Tractatus material to suit his own line of argument is clearly discernible: from the unique phenomenon presented in the Tractatus the Turks
become one more example of the general human tendency to externalise and dogmatise faith.
In addition, the transmission of Cronica and Türckei is examined, and the relationship between these two translations is clarified: Franck certainly used Türckei in writing his Cronica, but is unlikely to be the author of the anonymous work
Slavery and Industrialization: Williams Redux
No full textDieser Aufsatz bewertet die Position von Eric Williams, dem Autor des vor 75 Jahren erschienenenklassischen Werks über Kapitalismus und Sklaverei, im Lichte neuerer Forschungen, insbesonderevon Historikern der New History of Capitalism. Er hebt die besondere Überzeugungskraft eines Teils von Williams’ Argumenten hervor, dass nämlich in der Zeit zwischen 1688 und 1763 alle Bereiche der britischen Gesellschaft das Interesse der Plantagenbesitzer an Amerika und damit die Sklaverei vorbehaltlos unterstützten. Der Siebenjährige Krieg markierte rückblickend den Höhepunkt der Macht der Plantagenbesitzer im britischen Empire. Die Amerikanische Revolution hingegen führte zu einer Krise der Plantagengesellschaften, wie Williams meinte, allerdings – zumindest ökonomisch – mehr für den amerikanischen Süden als für die britische Karibik.This paper evaluates the standing of Eric Williams, author of the classic work on capitalism and slavery 75 years ago, in the light of new scholarship, notably by historians writing as part of the New History of Capitalism movement. It emphasises how one part of Williams’ argument is especially persuasive, that in the period between 1688 and 1763 all sections of British society supported the planter interest in the Americas and thus slavery without reservation. The Seven Years’ War marked, in retrospect, the peak of planter power within the British Empire. The American Revolution, by contrast, formed, as Williams suggested, a crisis in plantation societies but more so, at least economically, for the American South than for the British Caribbean
Cerebellar granule cells transplanted in vivo can follow physiological and unusual migratory routes to integrate into the recipient cortex.
No full textCNS repair by cell transplantation requires new neurons to integrate into complex recipient networks. We assessed how the migratory route of transplanted granule neurons and the developmental stage of the host rat cerebellum influence engraftment. In both embryonic and postnatal hosts, granule cells can enter the cerebellar cortex and achieve correct placement along their natural migratory pathway. Donor neurons can also reach the internal granular layer from the white matter and integrate following an unusual developmental pattern. Although the frequency of correct positioning declines in parallel with cortical development, in mature recipients correct homing is more frequent through the unusual path. Following depletion of granule cell precursors in the host, more granule neurons engraft, but their ability for achieving correct placement is unchanged. Therefore, while the cerebellar environment remains receptive for granule cells even after the end of development, their full integration is partially hindered by the mature cortical architecture
Chest computed tomographic findings and clinical features of legionella pneumonia
No full textOBJECTIVE: To describe the chest radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) findings of legionella pneumonia. METHODS: Serial chest radiographs and CT scans obtained in 12 patients with serologically proven Legionella pneumophila pneumonia were retrospectively reviewed. Chest CT findings were analyzed with regard to patterns and distributions of pulmonary abnormalities. RESULTS: Nine of the 12 patients were in an immunocompromised state, that is, steroid therapy (n = 8) and myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 1), and 6 of the 8 steroid users were on high-dose steroid. All patients showed multilobar or multisegmental pulmonary infiltrates on CT scans. The CT findings were categorizable as; predominantly airspace consolidations (n = 6), mixed lesions with lobular consolidation and ground-glass opacity (GGO) (n = 3), and pure GGO lesions (n = 2). Five of the 6 patients on high-dose steroid therapy had lobar consolidations with (n = 4) or without a cavity (n = 1), and 1 patient had a mixed lesion. CONCLUSIONS: The most common CT findings in legionella pneumonia were multilobar or multisegmental consolidation and GGO. Cavitary lobar consolidation occurred commonly in patients on high-dose steroid therapy. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.N
Ilanga mesembrine Vilvens & Williams 2020, n. sp.
No full textIlanga mesembrine n. sp. (Figs 27 A–O, Table 18, Key 2: 17) DNA ref: Ilanga 10 (Williams et al. 2013; Sumner-Rooney et al. 2016) COI sequence data: GenBank Accession numbers: HF586283, HF586284, HF586285, HF586286, HF586287, HF586288, HF586289, HF586290, LT575891, LT575892, LT575893, LT575894, LT575895, LT575896. Type material. Holotype (7.0× 12.7 mm) MNHN IM-2009-8805. Paratypes: 7 MNHN IM-2009-8808, IM-2009- 8806, IM-2009-8807, IM-2009-8797, IM-2009-8799, IM-2009-8798, IM-2009-8800 and 1 NHMUK 20190460 as listed below. Type locality. South-eastern New Caledonia, TERRASSES, stn CP3087, 22°11’S, 167°12’E, 380–400 m. Material examined. South-eastern New Caledonia.MUSORSTOM 4: stn DW235, 22°13’S, 167°12’E, 405–415 m, 1 dd (paratype NHMUK 20190460).—TERRASSES: stn DW3079, 22°28’S, 167°29’E, 300–420 m, 1 lv (DNA sample MNHN IM-2009-8809).—Stn CP3087, 22°11’S, 167°12’E, 380–400 m, 6 lv (with holotype MNHN IM- 2009-8805, paratypes MNHN IM-2009-8808, IM-2009-8806, IM-2009-8807).—Stn DW3090, 22°16’S, 167°08’E, 260 m, 1 dd.—Stn CP3092, 22°13’S, 167°12’E, 360–380 m, 4 lv (with paratypes MNHN IM-2009-8797, IM-2009- 8799, IM-2009-8798 & IM-2009-8800).—P. Tirard coll.: 22°40’S– 22°50’S, 167°10’E– 167°30’E, 200–350 m, 3 dd.—EXBODI: stn CP3790, 22°14’S, 167°11’E, 378–414 m, 1 dd.—Stn CP3821, 21°53’S, 166°50’E, 211–440 m, 1 dd.—Stn DW3859, 22°20’S, 169°01’E, 350–388 m, 2 dd.— New Caledonia, Norfolk Ridge. NORFOLK 1: stn CP1716, 23°23’S, 168°02’E, 266–276 m, 1 dd sub.—Stn DW1717, 23°23’S, 168°02’E, 250–312 m, 3 dd, 1 dd sub—NORFOLK2: stn DW2135, 23°02’S, 168°21’E, 295–330 m, 1 lv (DNA sample MNHN 18340).—Loyalty Ridge. MUSORSTOM 6: stn DW421, 20°26’S, 166°40’E, 245 m, 1 dd.—Stn DW423, 20°25’S, 166°40’E, 263–290 m, 1 lv.—Stn DW479, 21°09’S, 167°55’E, 260–360 m, 1 dd.—Stn DW481, 21°22’S, 167°50’E, 300 m, 1 lv.—Northern New Caledonia. EXBODI: stn DW3928, 18°38’S, 164°20’E, 362–402 m, 1 dd, 1 juv sub.— New Caledonia, Bellona. EBISCO: stn DW2547, 21°06’S, 158°36’E, 356–438 m, 2 dd. Distribution. New Caledonia area, 245–405 m, lv at 290– 380 m. Diagnosis. A rather large, lenticular Ilanga species with a depressed spire, a subangulate periphery with some faint spiral cords, 5 spiral cords on first teleoconch whorl, no subsutural pleats, very broad angulate umbilicus with a spiral cord at rim, without or with weak axial pleats around the umbilicus (especially near the aperture), 2 to 8 smooth thin spiral cords inside. Description. Shell: Rather tall for genus (H up to 7.2 mm, W up to 13.4 mm), much wider than high, lenticular, glossy; spire depressed, height 0.50×to 0.55×width, about 1.54×to 1.91×aperture height; periphery subangulate; umbilicus very broad and deep. Protoconch ca. 380 μm wide, 1.25 whorls, rounded, with 3 thin, evenly spaced, spiral cords and with a straight, slightly expanded terminal lip. Teleoconch up to 4.8 convex whorls with a weak subsutural ramp on first whorls but vanishing on last whorls; early teleoconch whorls with 4–5 smooth spiral cords, quickly vanishing; last whorls smooth with poorly visible spiral threads near periphery. Suture weakly canaliculated on first whorl, impressed on later whorls. On first teleoconch whorl, 5 spiral cords appearing immediately; P2 strongest, at edge of subangulate subsutural ramp; thin axial threads between cords; P3 and P4 vanishing at end of whorl, P5 disappearing on next whorl. On second whorl, P1 vanishing near end of whorl; P2 very weak, but still present; subsutural ramp weakening; narrow translucent subsutural spiral band appearing. On third whorl, subsutural ramp vanishing; axial threads no longer visible. Last whorls smooth, with some faint spiral cords situated around periphery. Aperture rounded triangular; peristome incomplete; outer and inner lip thin; inner lip without obvious thickening against umbilical rim. Base convex, smooth, usually without or only with weak (especially near aperture) axial pleats around umbilicus; thin spiral cord bordering umbilical rim. Umbilicus broad (diameter 30–35% of shell width), central, with perspective to apex, with angulate rim, with vertical to slightly concave wall; 2 to 8 smooth thin spiral cords on umbilical wall, usually gathered in adapical part, without axial threads; axial pleats on umbilical walls of adapical whorls. Colour: Teleoconch nacreous white, with 3 bands: adapical one brownish orange chevron patterned, median one with brownish patches and abapical one also brownish orange chevron patterned; base paler with regular brownish patches on external half. Operculum: Corneous, multispiral with central nucleus, light brown. Remarks. Ilanga mesembrine n. sp. weakly resembles I. gotoi (Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006) (Figs 10 A–H) from the Philippines, but I. gotoi is larger (H up to 8.5 mm, W up to up 18.4 mm), has 4 Pi, a much stronger spiral cord around the umbilicus and more spiral cords inside the umbilicus (18–20, instead of 2–8 in I. mesembrine n. sp.) Etymology. From the South (Ancient Greek: μεσημϐρινός, ή, όν)—after the type locality in south-eastern New Caledonia.Published as part of Vilvens, Claude & Williams, Suzanne T., 2020, New species of Ilanga (Gastropoda: Trochoidea: Solariellidae) from the Indo-West Pacific, pp. 201-257 in Zootaxa 4732 (2) on pages 251-253, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4732.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/366332
El feminismo de Estado en España: El Instituto de la Mujer, 1983-1994
No full textEste trabajo contiene un análisis del Instituto de la Mujer (IM), el principal organismo público de igualdad de la Administración central en España. Al igual que las instituciones feministas de otros países, el IM fue establecido con el propósito de impulsar el establecimiento de políticas que contribuyeran a mejorar la posición de las mujeres en la sociedad. La primera parte del artículo examina el proceso de creación del IM, prestando especial atención al papel desempeñado por el movimiento asociativo de mujeres, así como a la importancia de las influencias internacionales. Se estudian además las principales características formales de la institución. La segunda parte contiene una evaluación (provisional) del impacto del IM en la formulación y puesta en práctica de las políticas de igualdad. Por último, se examinan el carácter y las consecuencias de las relaciones formales e informales existentes entre los miembros del movimiento feminista y del feminismo institucional.Publicad
Nicholas John Williams: Das Gedächtnis Kubas. Die Revolution im Interview, Marburg, Tectum-Verlag, 2011. 304 pp. – ISBN 978-3828826632
No full textNicholas John Williams: Das Gedächtnis Kubas. Die Revolution im Interview [Cuba’s Memory. The Revolution Interviewed], Marburg, Tectum-Verlag, 2011. 304 pp. – ISBN 978-3828826632
Genes Suggest Ancestral Colour Polymorphisms Are Shared across Morphologically Cryptic Species in Arctic Bumblebees
No full textemail Suzanne orcd idCopyright: © 2015 Williams et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.NHM Repositor
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