1,721,043 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Treatment outcomes of regenerative endodontics and apexification of traumatized immature necrotic permanent incisors [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textIntroduction: Presently, calcium hydroxide (CH) apexification and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apexification are the available treatments for traumatized immature necrotic teeth. Although these treatments have been available for many years, few studies have assessed these techniques for long- term survival of teeth. Recently, a new treatment modality has emerged - regenerative endodontic treatment (RET). However, RET's clinical, radiographic, and disinfection protocols need to be evaluated. Aims: This thesis investigates the clinical, radiographical, and microbiological outcomes of regenerative endodontic treatment. In addition, this thesis investigates the long-term survival of traumatized immature necrotic teeth after the use of apexification and identifies the risk factors for premature tooth loss. Materials and methods: This thesis includes a systematic literature review (Study I), an observational prospective cohort design (Study II), a randomized clinical trial (Study III), and a retrospective longitudinal observational cohort design (Study IV). In Study I, five scientific databases were screened (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid/Medline, and Embase) for intervention studies on RET and/or apexification of traumatized immature necrotic teeth. Only peer- reviewed studies with a study size of at least 20 cases with a follow-up of 24 months were included. Eligibility assessment was blinded and performed independently. Subgroup analyses were performed on three outcomes: survival, success, and continued root development. In Study II, RET was performed on 75 traumatized necrotic immature incisors. The radiographic outcome measures were continued root formation (width and length), root resorption, apex closure, periapical index, and root development stage. The clinical outcome measures were percussion pain, palpation pain, pathological tooth mobility, swelling, sinus tract, ankylosis, crown discolouration, and subjective pain. Treatment outcomes were categorized as a success or failure based on the clinical and radiographic outcome measures. In Study III, microbiological assessment was based on root canal samples from 41 traumatized immature necrotic teeth treated with RET where two different root canal dressing were used in a randomized order (CH and CHD). Analysis of the average bacterial load (CFU/sample) and bacterial diversity (taxa/sample) was performed at three timepoints - before root canal dressing (S2); after debridement (S); and after root canal dressing (S5). In Study IV, records of 2400 children and adolescents were screened for presence of TDI to immature incisors where endodontic treatment with the two apexification techniques was performed between January 2003 and December 2022. These incisors were compared to a control group of mature teeth treated with conventional endodontic techniques. The following variables were studied: age, sex, apexification technique, presence of luxation and hard tissue injuries, preoperative root development stage (RDS), preoperative and postoperative periapical index (PAI), when tooth loss occurred, and overall survival time in years. Results: Seven studies with heterogenous designs were included in the final synthesis. The included articles in Study I revealed that both regenerative and apexification techniques had equal rates of success and survival and proved to be effective in the treatment of immature necrotic permanent teeth. Regenerative endodontic techniques appeared to be superior to apexification techniques in terms of stimulation of root maturation - i.e., root wall thickening and root lengthening. Study II revealed that RET was successful in 60% of the cases. When successful, RET presented meaningful outcomes, with a resolution of periapical infection, increased root length and width, and apex closure. Two predictive variables for continued root maturation were identified - preoperative root development stage and preoperative dentine wall thickness. The failed cases were related to lack of bleeding and persistent infections. Study III revealed that the primary microflora were more diverse in successful cases than in failed cases. Decreases in bacterial loads and diversity/sample occurred between S2 and S3, although new increases were seen at S5 in the CHD subgroup (successful and failed) and load/sample in the CH subgroup (failed). At S5, the successful cases showed more bacterial decreases. No specific species were associated with the outcomes with no statistical differences between the disinfection efficacies. Study IV showed that the median survival time was up to 10 years for CH apexification, 16.1 years for MTA apexification, 15.5 years for luxation injuries other than intrusions and avulsions, 12.5 years for intrusions, and 6.8 years for avulsions. The variables with significant negative impact on tooth survival were CH apexification, avulsion, and postoperative PAI of 3-5. No significant relationships were found for the variables MTA apexification, concussion, subluxation, lateral luxation, extrusion, intrusion, hard tissue injuries, preoperative RDS, preoperative PAI scores and postoperative PAI scores of 1-2. After adjustment, the risk for premature tooth loss was 13.5 times higher in CH apexification, approximately 2 to 4 times higher in PAI 3-5, and 5.6 times higher in avulsions. Conclusion: According to the published literature, both RET and apexification techniques have equal rates of success, survival, and effectiveness in the treatment of immature necrotic permanent teeth, although only RET stimulates root maturation. Knowledge gaps were identified regarding the treatment and follow-up protocols for both techniques. When successful, RET provides satisfactory clinical and radiographical outcomes. The failed cases were related to lack of bleeding and persistent infections, indicating that new techniques are needed to improve the predictability of RET. For microbiological outcomes, there were no statistical differences in CH and CHD efficacy. After root canal dressing (S5), microflora persisted in both successful and failed outcomes, but the abundance and diversity increased significantly only in the failed cases. Compared to the failed outcomes, the successful outcomes presented higher diversity and higher decreases of the primary microflora at S5. Only the failed cases had significant increases in abundance and diversity at S5. The analysis of the long-term outcomes identified CH apexification, avulsion, and postoperative PAI of 3-5 as prognostic variables with significant negative impact on the risk for premature tooth loss. List of scientific papers I. What is the best long-term treatment modality for immature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis? Wikström A, Brundin M, Lopes MF, El Sayed M, Tsilingaridis G. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2021;22(3):311-340 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-020-00575-1 II. Endodontic pulp revitalization in traumatized necrotic immature permanent incisors: Early failures and long-term outcomes - A longitudinal cohort study. Wikström A, Brundin M, Romani Vestman N, Rakhimova O, Tsilingaridis G. Int Endod J. 2022;55(6):630-645 https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13735 III. Microbiological assessment of success and failure in pulp revitalization: A randomized clinical trial using calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine gluconate in traumatized immature teeth. Wikström A, Romani Vestman N, Rakhimova O, Gimeno DL, Tsilingaridis G, Brundin M. J Oral Microbiol. 2024 Apr 24;16(1):2343518 https://doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2024.2343518 IV. Outcomes of apexification in immature traumatized necrotic teeth and risk factors for premature tooth loss: A 20-year longitudinal study. Wikström A, Brundin M, Mohmud A, Andersson M, Tsilingaridis G. Dent Traumatol. 2024 Dec;40(6):658-671 https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.1297
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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