1,721,052 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Episiotomy and the medicalization make childbirth worse for women
No full textEpisiotomy and the medicalization make childbirth worse for women Our journal, Sexual and Reproductive Health Care (SRHC) received a letter to the editor from a group of healthcare professionals in Pakistan expressing concerns over the routine use of episiotomy during childbirth in their country. This issue is not isolated to Pakistan: many less industrialized countries in East Asia also report high rates of episiotomy. A 2018 systematic review highlighted the decline in the use of episiotomy in Europe and North America since the late 1980s, showing a decreasing trend in 26 countries. Notably, Sweden Iceland and Denmark reported episiotomy rates between 4–9 %, the lowest countries overall. Conversely, Asian countries in the same study data showed significantly higher rates with the following countries at the top of that list: India (68 % estimated in 2007/2008) China (85.50 % in 2003), Thailand (91.00 % in 2005), Vietnam (86.10 % in 1999) and notably Taiwan with an estimated rate of 100 % in 2002. Rates in other parts of the world generally range from 30 % to 50 % [1]. The routine performance of episiotomy is just one example among many of the trend towards medicalization of birth globally, in high and low-income countries around the world. a positive childbirth experience mentions 56 routines for intrapartum care, of which 21 are not recommended based on existing studies, including the routine or liberal use of episiotomy for women undergoing spontaneous vaginal birth. A positive postnatal experience should ensure that women, newborns, partners, parents, caregivers, and families receive consistent information, reassurance and support from motivated health workers withing a flexible, adequately resourced health system that recognizes their needs and respects their cultural contexts, and employs the best available evidence. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The transformation of normal birth through socio-cultural and ideological influences has led childbirths dominated by medicalization. Examples include the routine use of episiotomy, continuous fetal monitoring with CTG, liberal use of amniotomy, early cord clamping and cesarean section. Some studies indicate that women are simply placed in a passive, submissive or victimized position by the medical authority [2] without positively impacting mortality rates [5]. Furthermore, medicalization of birth could be correlated with obstetric violence, first recognized at state level in Venezuela in 2007 [3,4]. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that the concept of “normality” in childbirth is neither universal nor standardized. Over the last two decades, there has been a substantial increase in the application of a range of labour practices with the intention to initiate, accelerate, terminate, regulate, or monitor the physiological process of labour, with the aim of improving outcomes for women and babies. However, “this increasing medicalization of childbirth processes trends to undermine the woman’s own capability to give birth and negatively impacts her childbirth experience” [6]. The WHO guidelines for intrapartum care for</p
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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