1,720,992 research outputs found
Chrześcijaństwo i Europa wobec sekularyzacji: Religia w niemieckiej myśli politycznej XX wieku
No full textNiniejsza książka zbiera prace kilkunastu polskich i zagranicznych autorów reprezentujących kilka dyscyplin (nauki o polityce, filozofię, historia, prawo), którzy omawiają na poszczególnych przypadkach długą, zniuansową debatę jaka przetoczyła się na gruncie myśli niemieckiej w sprawie religii i polityki. Debata ta, warto dodać, nie była etnocentryczna, a poprzez wpływ historyczny, duchowy i polityczny Niemiec, jej uczestnicy, jak i poszczególne idee, rozniosły się po całym świecie Zachodu. Autorzy zdecydowali się pisać o niemieckiej myśli politycznej, ponieważ w porównaniu do myśli jakiegokolwiek innego narodu europejskiego, właśnie myśl niemiecka była w sposób szczególny doświadczona za sprawą sekularyzacji – i to być może już od swego początku.Niniejsza książka zbiera prace kilkunastu polskich i zagranicznych autorów reprezentujących kilka dyscyplin (nauki o polityce, filozofię, historia, prawo), którzy omawiają na poszczególnych przypadkach długą, zniuansową debatę jaka przetoczyła się na gruncie myśli niemieckiej w sprawie religii i polityki. Debata ta, warto dodać, nie była etnocentryczna, a poprzez wpływ historyczny, duchowy i polityczny Niemiec, jej uczestnicy, jak i poszczególne idee, rozniosły się po całym świecie Zachodu. Autorzy zdecydowali się pisać o niemieckiej myśli politycznej, ponieważ w porównaniu do myśli jakiegokolwiek innego narodu europejskiego, właśnie myśl niemiecka była w sposób szczególny doświadczona za sprawą sekularyzacji – i to być może już od swego początku
Państwo suwerenne w teorii prawa międzynarodowego Francisco de Vitorii
No full textThe sovereign state in Francisco de Vitoria’s theory of international law Francisco de Vitoria is known as the precursor of secular international law and as the defender of the Native Peoples’ rights. The popular view is that his theory of international relations stems from the will to defend the indigenous inhabitants of the New World against the conquistadors of his native Spain. The author negates this thesis as there is no proof for this opinion. The author proves that de Vitoria created his theory of international relations before he occupied himself with the Amerindian question. His defence of the states and property of the pagan indigenous peoples stems from his earlier vision of international relations and his theory of state. Native Americans’ rights are thus “detailing" from his general theory of international relations. Also the popular thesis that his theory is of a secular nature is false, because of the Pope\u27s role of indirect power in international relations.
Eric Voegelin wobec narodowego socjalizmu. Próba filozoficzno-religijnej interpretacji zjawiska
No full textERIC VOEGELIN ON NATIONAL SOCIALISM. AN ATTEMPT AT PHILOSOPHICAL-AND-RELIGIOUS INTERPRETATION OF THE PHENOMENONThe article is devoted to Eric Voegelin’s efforts at the interpretation of National Socialism. He was a prominent Austrian historian of philosophy who escaped from the Third Reich to the United States. Voegelin’s philosophy grew out of the crisis of classical philosophy and from its confrontation with modernist thought out of which National Socialism itself also sprouted. Nevertheless this author analyzed the phenomenon of Fascism in only one book, namely Hitler und die Deutschen. There are many indications that Voegelin believed that his work was truly groundbreaking as far as the phenomenon of Nazism is concerned. The fact that its reception was not particularly favorable was for him a source of deep anguish and disappointment. The article encompasses the analysis of aforementioned book and its comparison with other works by Voegelin. According to the author of this text, the failure of the Austrian historian’s book was a result of its banality. Voegelin made a quite a simplistic claim that German people at large are responsible for the emergence of Fascism.Although his political preferences ought to be described as conservative, he still maintained that Catholic and Evangelical Churches also can be blamed for excesses of National Socialism this opinion disqualified his book among right-wing readers. At the same time representatives of leftleaning audience refused to read and acknowledge Voegelin’s book due to the author’s generally right-wing viewpoint.ERIC VOEGELIN ON NATIONAL SOCIALISM. AN ATTEMPT AT PHILOSOPHICAL-AND-RELIGIOUS INTERPRETATION OF THE PHENOMENONThe article is devoted to Eric Voegelin’s efforts at the interpretation of National Socialism. He was a prominent Austrian historian of philosophy who escaped from the Third Reich to the United States. Voegelin’s philosophy grew out of the crisis of classical philosophy and from its confrontation with modernist thought out of which National Socialism itself also sprouted. Nevertheless this author analyzed the phenomenon of Fascism in only one book, namely Hitler und die Deutschen. There are many indications that Voegelin believed that his work was truly groundbreaking as far as the phenomenon of Nazism is concerned. The fact that its reception was not particularly favorable was for him a source of deep anguish and disappointment. The article encompasses the analysis of aforementioned book and its comparison with other works by Voegelin. According to the author of this text, the failure of the Austrian historian’s book was a result of its banality. Voegelin made a quite a simplistic claim that German people at large are responsible for the emergence of Fascism.Although his political preferences ought to be described as conservative, he still maintained that Catholic and Evangelical Churches also can be blamed for excesses of National Socialism this opinion disqualified his book among right-wing readers. At the same time representatives of leftleaning audience refused to read and acknowledge Voegelin’s book due to the author’s generally right-wing viewpoint
Jean Bodin i monarchia „Polityków”
No full textThe aim of this text is not the next presentation of idea of sovereignty of Jean Bodin. This political concept has a great multilanguage bibliography. It’s very characteristic that the idea of Bodin’s monarchy is today presented as an abstract theory of modern state, as the model for catholic Bourbonic monarchy in modern France. It’s not true. This political idea is the result of the religious war in France between Catholics et Huguenots. The main idea of Bodin is to present the political program of party of “Politiques” of prime minister Michel de l’Hospital. It’s the mixture of religious indifferentism, kind of pre-liberalism, and absolutist form of power as a guarantee of political order. The author of this text present Jean Bodin in this political context, as a greater political thinker of “Politiques” part
Anty-Rzym. Projekt eklezjalno-polityczny Jana Kalwina
No full textThere are three goals of this text. The first is the presentation of church and political plans of Jean Calvin. The author presents the great project of the Rome-bis of Calvin. This is his concept of building a universal church as a competition for the Catholic Church. Calvin’s aim is to replace the church with the capital in Rome by a church with a capital in Geneva. The second goal is the comparison between the universal idea of the Calvin’s church with the territorial vision of the church-state of Martin Luther. From this comparison follows that Luther is a "parish" reformer without an internationalist impetus, whose church is subjected to the authority of the local state. The third goal is an attempt to answer the question why the universal ecclesial structure of Calvin crumbled immediately after his death? The author argues that this is due to an erroneous concept of faith and enthusiasm as the foundation of this building, without a firm basis in the canon law
Szkoła Rzymska. Szkic o jezuickiej eklezjologii i myśli politycznej w przededniu Soboru Watykańskiego I (część druga)
No full textThe second part of the article concerns the political thought of the Roman School, the issue that has received rather marginal treatment in the reflection on this movement. However, the author argues that the theology and ecclesiology of the Roman School have a political dimension, because they were constructed immediately after the Spring of Nations (1848-1849). Moreover, the Roman School put emphasis on such concepts as authority and tradition, which had a counter-revolutionary character in the nineteenth century. Although generally rather few theologians of that time touched upon politics , nevertheless when they did produce such politically inclined writings, the following topics could be distinguished: 1 / open criticism of political, social and cultural liberalism; 2 / affirmation of the traditional view in the relationship between the state and the Catholic Church, with the former in subordinate position to the latter; 3 / affirmation of papal infallibility in political issues, and 4 / defense of the independ-ence and integrity of the Papal State
Kulturowe korzenie demokratycznego kapitalizmu według Michaela Novaka
No full textWydział HumanistycznyRozprawa doktorska „Kulturowe korzenie demokratycznego kapitalizmu według Michaela Novaka jest rekonstrukcją poglądów Novaka na temat relacji między sferą kulturową, a polityczną. Przedstawiono w niej historyczne religijne (chrześcijańskie) i ideologiczne (liberalne) będące zdaniem amerykańskiego myśliciela fundamentami demokratycznego kapitalizmu. W swej rozprawie przedstawiam prowadzoną przez Novaka obronę systemu demokratycznego kapitalizmu prowadzoną z katolickiego i liberalnego punktu widzenia. Przedstawiono również polemikę Novaka z prądami sprzecznymi z demokratycznym kapitalizmem. Pierwszą tezą pracy jest ukazanie na przykładzie Novaka, że istnieje alternatywa dla weberowskiej interpretacji kapitalizmu, zgodnie z którym ten fenomen rodzi się pod wpływem teologii protestanckiej. Tą alternatywą jest teologia polityczna Novaka, który przedstawia kapitalizm jako zjawisko opiewające się na szeroko rozumianej myśli chrześcijańskiej (w tym katolickiej), która jest owocem klasycznego liberalizmu. Drugą tezą jest ukazanie, że kapitalizm nie jest systemem nieetycznym lub niechrześcijańskim, lecz zgodnym z katolicyzmem. Myśl Novaka jest dobrym przykładem do uzasadnienia tych tez. Jest on czołowym ekspertem od współczesnych zagadnień relacji między katolicyzmem, a kapitalizmem i historycznych korzeni tego drugiego.SUMMARY - PH.D. dissertation Cultural roots of democratic capitalism according to Michael Novak is the reconstruction of views of Novak on the relationship between the cultural sphere and political. The paper presents the religious (Christian) and ideological (liberal) conceptions which are, according to Novak foundations of democratic capitalism. Dissertation describes his defense of the democratic capitalism system of capitalism led from Catholic and liberal point of view. It also presents Novak's polemics with schools of thought that are in opposition to democratic capitalism. The first thesis of this dissertation is show on Novak's example, that there is an alternative to Weber's interpretation of capitalism, according to which it is a phenomenon born under the influence of Protestant theology. This alternative is Novak's political theology, which present capitalism as a phenomenon, which is founded upon Christian thought broadly defined (including Catholic) and which is the fruit of the classical liberalism. The second thesis is to show that capitalism is not unethical or unchristian system, but that it's coherent with Catholicism. Novak is a good example, to outline these too. He a leading expert on contemporary issues of the relationship between Catholicism and capitalism and the historical roots of the latter
Geneza antropologii politycznej Carla Schmitta
No full text ORIGINS OF CARL SCHMITT’S POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGYThis text concerns the political anthropology of Carl Schmitt. Schmitt says that man is inhe­rently evil, he is born in evilness. On this thesis he builds their theory of politics and the concept of the authoritarian state. But he nowhere is developing his political anthropology. It does not explain why the man is born evil and does not explain what is the source of this view? The literature about Schmitt’s theory proposes three interpretations: Christian inspiration, lecture of the writings of Tho­mas Hobbes, fear of Bolshevism. The author examines these three interpretations and proposes his own. The political anthropology of Carl Schmitt is the mixture of orthodox St. Augustine’s teaching, Hobbes’s theory, fear of Communism, perhaps the tribulations of family life. ORIGINS OF CARL SCHMITT’S POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGYThis text concerns the political anthropology of Carl Schmitt. Schmitt says that man is inhe­rently evil, he is born in evilness. On this thesis he builds their theory of politics and the concept of the authoritarian state. But he nowhere is developing his political anthropology. It does not explain why the man is born evil and does not explain what is the source of this view? The literature about Schmitt’s theory proposes three interpretations: Christian inspiration, lecture of the writings of Tho­mas Hobbes, fear of Bolshevism. The author examines these three interpretations and proposes his own. The political anthropology of Carl Schmitt is the mixture of orthodox St. Augustine’s teaching, Hobbes’s theory, fear of Communism, perhaps the tribulations of family life
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