1,721,046 research outputs found
Population-Development-Environment. Understanding.their.interactions in Mauritius
No full textWidmer Isabelle. Population-Development-Environment. Understanding.their.interactions in Mauritius. In: Population, 50ᵉ année, n°2, 1995. pp. 525-526
Population-Development-Environment. Understanding.their.interactions in Mauritius
No full textWidmer Isabelle. Population-Development-Environment. Understanding.their.interactions in Mauritius. In: Population, 50ᵉ année, n°2, 1995. pp. 525-526
Typologie des marchés du travail, suivi et parcours
No full textWidmer Isabelle. Typologie des marchés du travail, suivi et parcours. In: Population, 52ᵉ année, n°6, 1997. pp. 1590-1591
Les femmes au chômage retardent l'arrivée du premier enfant
No full textMeron Monique, Widmer Isabelle.- Les femmes au chômage retardent l'arrivée du premier enfant Le chômage, plus que les autres situations vis-à-vis de l'emploi, incite les jeunes femmes en couple sans enfant à retarder un éventuel projet de maternité. Ce résultat est établi ici pour les femmes nées entre 1952 et 1973, à partir des résultats de l'enquête Jeunes et carrières réalisée par l'Insee en 1997. Les jeunes femmes confrontées à une période de chômage ont temporairement renoncé à avoir un premier enfant plutôt que d'avancer son arrivée à la faveur du temps « libre » qui leur était imposé. En revanche, la situation de femme au foyer, surtout au tout début de la vie conjugale, correspond à des premières maternités beaucoup plus rapides. Ce résultat confirme qu'une période de chômage n'est pas assimilable à une période d'inactivité : au regard de la fécondité, les chômeuses ne sont pas des femmes au foyer. La conjoncture économique a un impact particulièrement important sur les débuts de la vie professionnelle des jeunes au moment où ils sont susceptibles de construire une vie de famille. Or, les analyses statistiques courantes ne permettent pas d'établir un lien clair entre les fluctuations de la montée du chômage et le recul de l'âge à la première maternité. L'analyse biographique permet d'éclairer l'impact du chômage féminin sur les projets d'enfants, en faisant intervenir le temps écoulé entre les événements de l'histoire de vie des individus parmi les variables explicatives de leurs comportements. Dans une société où la contraception permet le plus souvent de maîtriser le moment de devenir mère et où l'activité professionnelle des femmes est progressivement devenue la norme, ces constats montrent que les calendriers familiaux et les décisions des couples tiennent désormais compte des situations professionnelles vécues et anticipées par les deux conjoints.Meron Monique, Widmer Isabelle.- Las mujeres en paro posponen la llegada del primer hijo El paro, más que otras situaciones laborales, incita a las mujeres jóvenes en pareja y sin hijos a posponer los proyectos de maternidad. Este articulo confirma este postulado para las mujeres nacidas entre 1952 y 1973 a través de los resultados de la encuesta Jóvenes y Carreras llevado a cabo por el INSEE en 1997. Las mujeres jóvenes en paro renuncian tempo- ralmente a tener un primer hijo en lugar de anticipar su llegada para aprovechar el tiempo "libre" impuesto. La situación de ama de casa, en cambio, conlleva primeras maternidades mucho más jóvenes, especialmente al inicio de la vida en pareja. Este resultado confirma que un periodo de desempleo no es equiparable a un periodo de inactividad: en términos de fe- cundidad, las desempleadas no son amas de casa. La coyuntura económica tiene un efecto importante sobre jóvenes que inician su carrera profesionál, en el momento en que son susceptibles de crear una familia. Los análisis estadí- sticos existentes no permiten establecer una relación clara entre el aumento del paro y el re- traso de la maternidad. El análisis biográfico, sin embargo, permite medir el impacto del paro femenino sobre los proyectos de descendencia ya que incluye el tiempo entre sucesos de la historia de vida de los individuos entre las variables explicativas de sus comportamientos. Una sociedad en la cual los anticonceptivos permiten controlar la fecundidad y en la cual la actividad profesionál de las mujeres se ha generalizado, estos resultados muestran que las situaciones profesionales présentes y futuras de ambos cónyuges influyen en los calenda- rios familiares y las decisiones de las parejas.Meron M., Widmer Isabelle. Les femmes au chômage retardent l'arrivée du premier enfant. In: Population, 57ᵉ année, n°2, 2002. pp. 327-357
Unemployment Leads Women to Postpone the Birth of Their First Child
No full textMeron Monique, Widmer Isabelle.- Unemployment Leads Women to Postpone the Birth of Their First Child Unemployment, more than other activity statuses, prompts childless young women in union to delay a prospective maternity. This result is established here for women born between 1952 and 1973, on the basis of data from the Youth and Careers Survey carried out by INSEE in 1997. Young women confronted with a period of unemployment chose to forego their first child for a while, rather than take advantage of the "free" time imposed on them. In contrast, homemakers especially at the beginning of their union tend to have their first births much more rapidly. This result confirms that a period of unemployment is not tantamount to a period of inactivity. In matters of fertility, unemployed women are not homemakers. Economic fluctuations have an especially important impact on the early working life of the young, at the very time when they may be starting a family. The usual statistical analyses do not make it possible to demonstrate a clear link between the growth of unemployment and the increase in the age at first birth. Biographical analysis sheds light on the impact of female unemployment on childbearing plans, by including the timing of life history events of individuals among the variables that explain behaviour. In a society where contraception makes it possible for women to master the timing of their fertility and where female labour force participation has become the norm, these findings show that the family building process and the couples' decisions are now factoring in the work experience and the career goals of both partners.Meron Monique, Widmer Isabelle.- Unemployment Leads Women to Postpone the Birth of Their First Child Unemployment, more than other activity statuses, prompts childless young women in union to delay a prospective maternity. This result is established here for women born between 1952 and 1973, on the basis of data from the Youth and Careers Survey carried out by INSEE in 1997. Young women confronted with a period of unemployment chose to forego their first child for a while, rather than take advantage of the "free" time imposed on them. In contrast, homemakers especially at the beginning of their union tend to have their first births much more rapidly. This result confirms that a period of unemployment is not tantamount to a period of inactivity. In matters of fertility, unemployed women are not homemakers. Economic fluctuations have an especially important impact on the early working life of the young, at the very time when they may be starting a family. The usual statistical analyses do not make it possible to demonstrate a clear link between the growth of unemployment and the increase in the age at first birth. Biographical analysis sheds light on the impact of female unemployment on childbearing plans, by including the timing of life history events of individuals among the variables that explain behaviour. In a society where contraception makes it possible for women to master the timing of their fertility and where female labour force participation has become the norm, these findings show that the family building process and the couples' decisions are now factoring in the work experience and the career goals of both partners.Meron Monique, Widmer Isabelle.- Las mujeres en paro posponen la llegada del primer hijo El paro, más que otras situaciones laborales, incita a las mujeres jóvenes en pareja y sin hijos a posponer los proyectos de maternidad. Este artículo confirma este postulado para las mujeres nacidas entre 1952 y 1973 a través de los resultados de la encuesta Jóvenes y Carreras llevado a cabo por el INSEE en 1 997. Las mujeres jóvenes en paro renuncian tempo- ralmente a tener un primer hijo en lugar de anticipar su llegada para aprovechar el tiempo "libre" impuesto. La situación de ama de casa, en cambio, conlleva primeras maternidades mucho más jóvenes, especialmente al inicio de la vida en pareja. Este resultado confirma que un periodo de desempleo no es equiparable a un periodo de inactividad: en términos de fe- cundidad, las desempleadas no son amas de casa. La coyuntura económica tiene un efecto importante sobre jóvenes que inician su carrera profesionál, en el momento en que son susceptibles de crear una familia. Los análisis estadí- sticos existentes no permiten establecer una relación clara entre el aumento del paro y el re- traso de la maternidad. El análisis biográfico, sin embargo, permite medir el impacto del paro femenino sobre los proyectos de descendencia ya que incluye el tiempo entre sucesos de la historia de vida de los individuos entre las variables explicativas de sus comportamientos. Una sociedad en la cual los anticonceptivos permiten controlar la fecundidad y en la cual la actividad profesionál de las mujeres se ha generalizado, estos resultados muestran que las situaciones profesionales présentes y futuras de ambos cónyuges influyen en los calenda- rios familiares y las decisiones de las parejas.Meron M., Widmer Isabelle. Unemployment Leads Women to Postpone the Birth of Their First Child. In: Population (English edition), 57ᵉ année, n°2, 2002. pp. 301-330
Introduction: Population ageing: convergences and uncertainties in the Mediterranean
No full textThe steady increase in the number of elderly people in the population, induced by factors that embody human progress (reduced mortality, tendential improvement in living standards and lifestyles, etc.) has become over the years an important issue in the organisation of contemporary societies, as regards retirement or health, for example. With different intensities and with different historical calendars, all societies are concerned by this. However, this same demographic reality ‘in fact means different things depending on the society and on the way its institutions, particularly its welfare system, construct the social definition of the ages and fix, for example, working age and retirement age.
Whether it is considered in terms of public policies or experiences, an undeniably important aspect of ageing is its territorial dimension. While present in a number of works, it often remains in the background. This chapter precisely aims to explore the socially differentiated ‘territories’ of ageing in the Mediterranean. For, as it spreads unequally across the Mediterranean area, this process induces a modification of the demographic equilibria among the ages and generations, and also between the sexes
Ageing, Lifestyles and Economic Crisis. The New People of the Mediterranean
No full textThis work, the fruit of a wide-ranging international research programme, analyses the ongoing changes in lifestyles and life cycles in various societies in the Mediterranean basin. Drawing on empirical research in several disciplines (sociology, demography, geography, economics), exploiting the most recent data available and setting the present in historical perspective, the originality of this book is that it studies Mediterranean societies in relation to three major challenges which they now confront, whose outcome is largely uncertain – demographic ageing and its implications for mutual help across generations within families; the growing precarity of adult occupational and familial trajectories, impacted by economic crises and their consequences for the evolution of social gender roles; and the role of the public policies of the nation states in the social reproduction of these gender inequalities. These three major dimensions – demographic, sociological and political – form the keystone of this work for understanding the ongoing lifestyles changes in Mediterranean societies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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