1,720,965 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Micropattern transfer without photolithography of substrate :Ni electrodeposition using enface technology
Full text linkPhD ThesisSince the standard photolithographic patterning technology possesses a number of sustainable issues, a “maskless” technology, Enface, has been proposed. Here, a patterned ‘tool’ placed opposite to the substrate within micrometre range is required. Etching or plating occurs by passing tailored current or voltage waveforms, provided that the electrolyte resistance is high. Enface is a resource efficient process as the use of chemicals is greatly reduced. This research project aimed to investigate the feasibility of Ni pattern transfer using Enface under stagnant conditions. It would be advantageous if Enface could be used for nickel deposition as it is a slow kinetic system and controlled by mixed mass transfer and kinetics which is a system where Enface has never been used before.
An electrochemical cell has been specifically designed and an electrolyte was systemically developed as required by Enface. Polarisation experiments were carried out to determine applied current densities that would be used in galvanostatic plating experiments for pattern transfer of millimetre and micron scale features. Deposited features were comprehensively characterised to see the performance of the patterning process. Current distribution during the pattern transfer experiments was investigated by simulation and modelling using Elsy software.
An electrolyte of 0.19 M nickel sulfamate was selected and shown to be capable of depositing nickel. Polarisation data from experiments in Enface system showed that each feature size requires a different applied current density. As expected, pattern transfers of metallic nickel were achieved for millimetre and micron scale features at a current efficiency of around 90 % with current spreading were observed. The deposited feature width broadens with increasing time and decreasing feature size. In addition, maximum thickness that could be achieved was around 0.5 μm due to entrapped gas bubbles leading to process termination. The gas bubbles were detrimental to the deposits resulting in a rough and inhomogeneous surface as well as photoresist degradation. Ultrasound agitation was shown to be capable of diminishing the effect of gas bubbles. However it requires an optimisation of applied power density to avoid negative effects of cavitation bubbles. The result of simulation showed a non-uniform current distribution across the feature width with the highest current density at the centre resulting in a bell-shaped surface profile which is in agreement with the experiments. However, the deposited shape evolution obtained from the experiments is consistently much better than those obtained from the simulation.Ministry of Education and Culture through Directorate General for Higher Education, Government of Republic of Indonesia for funding my PhD study, Poc-Enface for research studentshi
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pengambilan Kembali Logam Perak dari Limbah Cair Bekas Pencucian Foto Rontgen dengan Metode Elektrokimia
Full text linkX-rays photography activities generate hazardous wastewater containing silver nitrate and silver bromide which are mainly from the washing stage. X-rays washing liqour after being used will eventually be discharged into the environment. This leads to pollution and contamination of surface water. The hazardous contaminants may cause environmental problems and health risk for human and wildlife. Exposure to such pollutants can cause an irritation and burning sensation in the skin and mucous membranes, pain in the mouth, diarrhea, vomiting, coma, and convulsion. It also causes a serious gastroenteritis which will be fatalistic case. So it is crucial to reduce the amount of silver contained in the wastewater and in the same time the silver can be recovered. This study aimed to reduce the pollutants and to recover the metal silver from the wastewater using an electrochemical method. Operating conditions of electrical potential and current would be optimised. The effects of various anode-cathode pairs, electrical potentials and currents were observed. The results show that electrochemical reduction of silver possibly occurs at 1.8 to 2.2 V indicated by a significant increase of cathodic electrical current in the polarisation curves. The optimal condition was achived at a potential of 2.2 Volt within 10 minutes using an anode of copper plate and cathode of graphite rod that could reduce the amount of silver in the waste from 9.35 g/L to 1.56 g/L
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Pengaruh Waktu Pemasakan dan Konsentrasi NaOH Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Lignin Pulp dari Batang Pisang Kepok dengan Proses Soda
Full text linkBanana is a plant that has very high cellulose content so it can be used as a raw material for making pulp. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of cooking time and sodium hydroxide concentration on reducing the lignin content of banana stem pulp by soda process. The cooking solution used in the soda process is NaOH solution. With various concentrations of NaOH 20%, 25%, and 30% and cooking time 40, 80, and 120 minutes. The highest lignin content was 1.8785% during pulping for 40 minutes with 20% NaOH concentration. While the lowest lignin content was 1.3093% during pulping for 120 minutes with 30% NaOH concentration
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