1,721,004 research outputs found
Relationship management of cafe customers around Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta - Indonesia
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The Effect of Stress, BCG Vaccination,and Combination of Stress-BCG Vaccination to The Ability of Macrophage to Bind with CD4+ T Cells in BALB/c Mice
Full text linkThe Effect of Stress, BCG Vaccination,and Combination of Stress-BCG Vaccination to The Ability of Macrophage to Bind with CD4+ T Cells in BALB/c Mice
Rahajeng N. Tunjung*, Dwi Pudjonarko**
Background. BCG has been recognized as potentiator for cellular immune system, while stress has been reported to suppress it.
Objective. This research was emphasized on the effect of electric foot shock as stressor and BCG vaccination in cellular immune alteration through the evaluation of CD4+ T cells bound to macrophage.
Methods. This research adopted Laboratory Experimental and Post-Test Only Group Design. The 24 female BALB/c mice (6-8 week old with average weight of 21.88 ± 1.75 grams) were obtained from PUSVETMA (Pusat Veterinaria Farma Surabaya). All mice were then divided into four groups and received standard lab diet daily. The first group (control group=C) received no other additional treatment. The second group (BCG group=B) received intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 cc BCG on day 1 and 11. The third group (electric foot shock group=E) received electric foot shock (EFS) with increasing amount and length of sessions for ten days. The fourth group received intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 cc BCG on day 1 and day 11 along with electric foot shock with increasing amount and length of sessions for ten days (EFS+BCG group=EB). At day 21 all groups received intravenous injection of 104 live Listeria monocytogenes (LD50=2x105 bacteria) and terminated on day 26.
Results. The result showed significant differences in the amount of CD4+ T cells bound to macrophage (p < 0.05) among the groups. The lowest number of binding was found in group E. The significant difference was found between group BE and both group C and E (p < 0.05).
Conclusion. It can be concluded that stress caused suppression of the macrophage ability to bind with CD4+ T cells, while the BCG caused its enhancement. The BCG vaccination may prevent the decrease of macrophage ability to bind with CD4+ T cells in BALB/c mice caused by stress.
Keywords: Stress, BCG, CD4+ T cells bindin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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