8 research outputs found
Mechanical performance of novel cement-based composites prepared with nano-fibres, and hybrid nano- and micro- fibres
No full textUse of hybrid fibre composites that exploit the synergistic effect of nano- and micro-additives can potentially lead to significant improvements in the toughness and mechanical properties of fibre reinforced cementitious materials. In this study, the mechanical properties of two types of novel cementitious composite (Carbon Nano-Fibre (CNF) Composites, and Hybrid-Fibre Composites) at various curing ages have been evaluated, along with their microstructure. Experimental results show a positive impact of nano-fibres on the mechanical performance of the cementitious composites: improvements of 40% in flexural strength, 45% in tensile strength, and 85% in toughness were observed when a low mass % (0.025%) of CNFs was combined with steel fibres. SEM observations revealed that reinforcement at the nanoscale prevented nano-crack development within the composites, with a greater amount of energy required to initiate and propagate cracks and cause material failure
Binary Phase of Layered Nanotubes
No full textAbstractA binary phase of layered nanotubes, where MWCNs (Multi-walled carbon nanotubes) are coated by WS2, are generated by pyrolysing WO3-coated MWCNs in an H2S/N2 atmosphere at 900 °C. TGA and TEM show that WS2 acts as an antioxidant with respect to the MWCN core.</jats:p
Hydrotalcites: A Highly Efficient Ecomaterial For Effluent Treatment Originated From Carbon Nanotubes Chemical Processing
No full textIt has been reported that a mixture of carboxylated carbonaceous fragments (CCFs), so called oxidation debris, are generated during carbon nanotubes chemical processing using oxidant agents such as HNO3. The elimination of these fragments from carbon nanotubes surface has been point out to be a crucial step for an effective functionalization of the nanotubes as well as for improving the material. However, this process can introduce a potential environmental problem related water contamination because these CCFs can be viewed as a mixture of carbonaceous polyaromatic systems similar to humic substances and dissolved organic matter (DOM). The negative aspects of humic substances and DOM to water quality and wastewater treatment are well known. Since carbon nanotubes industry expands at high rates it is expected that effluent containing oxidation debris will increase since HNO3 chemical processing is the most applied method for purification and functionalization of carbon nanotubes. In this work, we have demonstrated that Hydrotalcites (HT) are highly efficient to remove oxidation debris from effluent solution originated from HNO3-treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The strategy presented here is a contribution towards green chemistry practices and life cycle studies in carbon nanotubes field.3041Albrecht, M.A., Evans, C.W., Raston, C.L., Green chemistry and the health implications of nanoparticles (2006) Green Chem., 8, pp. 417-432Datsyuk, V., Kalyva, M., Papagelis, K., Parthenios, J., Tasis, D., Siokou, A., Kallitsis, I., Galiotis, C., Chemical oxidation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (2008) Carbon, 46, pp. 833-840Salzmann, C.G., Llewellyn, S.A., Tobias, G., Ward, M.A., Huh, Y., Green, M.L.H., The role of carboxylated carbonaceous fragments in the functionalization and spectroscopy of a single-walled carbon-nanotube material (2007) Advanced Materials, 19, pp. 883-887Fogden, S., Verdejo, R., Cottam, B., Shaffer, M., Purification of single walled carbon nanotubes: The problem with oxidation debris (2008) Chem. Phys. Lett., 460, pp. 162-167Verdejo, R., Lamoriniere, S., Cottam, B., Bismarck, A., Shaffer, M., Removal of oxidation debris from multi-walled carbon nanotubes (2007) Chem. Commun., pp. 513-515Yu, H., Jin, Y.G., Peng, F., Wang, H.J., Yang, J., Kinetically controlled side-wall functionalization of carbon nanotubes by nitric acid oxidation (2008) J. Phys. Chem., 112, pp. 6758-6763Worsley, K.A., Kalinina, I., Bekyarova, E., Haddon, R.C., Functionalization and Dissolution of Nitric Acid Treated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2009) J. the American Chem. Society, 131, pp. 18153-18158Wang, Z., Korobeinyk, A., Whitby, R.L.D., Meikle, S.T., Mikhalovsky, S.V., Acquah, S.F.A., Kroto, H.W., Direct confirmation that carbon nanotubes still react covalently after removal of acid-oxidative lattice fragments (2010) Carbon, 48, pp. 916-918Liang, L., Singer, P.C., Factors influencing the formation and relative distribution of haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes in drinking water (2003) Environmental Sci. Technol., 37, pp. 2920-2928Nikolaou, A.D., Golfinopoulos, S.K., Lekkas, T.D., Kostopoulou, M.N., DBP levels in chlorinated drinking water: Effect of humic substances (2004) Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 93, pp. 301-319Chien, S.W.C., Wang, M.C., Huang, C.C., Reactions of compost-derived humic substances with lead, copper, cadmium, and zinc (2006) Chemosphere, 64, pp. 1353-1361Garbin, J.R., Milori, D.M.B.P., Simoes, M.L., Da Silva, W.T.L., Neto, L.M., Influence of humic substances on the photolysis of aqueous pesticide residues (2007) Chemosphere, 66, pp. 1692-1698Durjava, M.K., Ter Laak, T.L., Hermens, J.L.M., Struijs, J., Distribution of PAHs and PCBs to dissolved organic matter: High distribution coefficients with consequences for environmental fate modeling (2007) Chemosphere, 67, pp. 990-997Oh, J.M., Biswick, T.T., Choy, J.H., Layered nanomaterials for green materials (2009) J. Materials Chem., 19, pp. 2553-2563Ferreira, O.P., Alves, O.L., MacEdo, J.D., Gimenez, I.D., Barreto, L.S., Ecomaterials: Development and application of functional porous materials for environmental protection (2007) Quimica Nova, 30, pp. 464-467Ferreira, O.P., De Moraes, S.G., Duran, N., Cornejo, L., Alves, O.L., Evaluation of boron removal from water by hydrotalcite-like compounds (2006) Chemosphere, 62, pp. 80-88Goh, K.H., Lim, T.T., Dong, Z.L., Enhanced Arsenic Removal by Hydrothermally Treated Nanocrystalline Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxide with Nitrate Intercalation (2009) Environmental Sci. Technol., 43, pp. 2537-2543Helland, A., Scheringer, M., Siegris, M., Kastenholz, H.G., Wiek, A., Scholz, R.W., Risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials: A survey of industrial approaches (2008) Environmental Sci. Technol., 42, pp. 640-646Meyer, D.E., Curran, M.A., Gonzalez, M.A., An Examination of Existing Data for the Industrial Manufacture and Use of Nanocomponents and Their Role in the Life Cycle Impact of Nanoproducts (2009) Environmental Sci. Technol., 43, pp. 1256-1263Dillon, A.C., Gennett, T., Jones, K.M., Alleman, J.L., Parilla, P.A., Heben, M.J., A simple and complete purification of single-walled carbon nanotube materials (1999) Advanced Materials, 11, pp. 1354-1358Shao, L., Tobias, G., Salzmann, C.G., Ballesteros, B., Hong, S.Y., Crossley, A., Davis, B.G., Green, M.L.H., Removal of amorphous carbon for the efficient sidewall functionalisation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (2007) Chem. Commun., pp. 5090-5092Tobias, G., Shao, L.D., Ballesteros, B., Green, M.L.H., Enhanced Sidewall Functionalization of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Using Nitric Acid (2009) J. Nanoscience Nanotechnology, 9, pp. 6072-6077Wang, Z.W., Shirley, M.D., Meikle, S.T., Whitby, R.L.D., Mikhalovsky, S.V., The surface acidity of acid oxidised multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the influence of in-situ generated fulvic acids on their stability in aqueous dispersions (2009) Carbon, 47, pp. 73-79Seida, Y., Nakano, Y., Removal of humic substances by layered double hydroxide containing iron (2000) Water Research, 34, pp. 1487-1494Goh, K.H., Lim, T.T., Dong, Z., Application of layered double hydroxides for removal of oxyanions: A review (2008) Water Research, 42, pp. 1343-1368Rocha, J., Del Arco, M., Rives, V., Ulibarri, M.A., Reconstruction of layered double hydroxides from calcined precursors: A powder XRD and Al-27 MAS NMR study (1999) J. Materials Chem., 9, pp. 2499-2503Rajamathi, M., Nataraja, G.D., Ananthamurthy, S., Kamath, P.V., Reversible thermal behavior of the layered double hydroxide of Mg with Al: Mechanistic studies (2000) J. Materials Chem., 10, pp. 2754-275
Ad26.COV2.S priming provided a solid immunological base for mRNA-based COVID-19 booster vaccination
No full textThe emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants led to the recommendation of booster vaccinations after Ad26.COV2.S priming. It was previously shown that heterologous booster vaccination induces high antibody levels, but how heterologous boosters affect other functional aspects of the immune response remained unknown. Here, we performed immunological profiling of Ad26.COV2.S-primed individuals before and after homologous or heterologous (mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2) booster. Booster vaccinations increased functional antibodies targeting ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants. Especially heterologous booster vaccinations induced high levels of functional antibodies. In contrast, T cell responses were similar in magnitude following homologous or heterologous booster vaccination, and retained cross-reactivity towards variants. Booster vaccination led to a minimal expansion of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell clones and no increase in breadth of the T cell repertoire. In conclusion, we show that Ad26.COV2.S priming vaccination provided a solid immunological base for heterologous boosting, increasing humoral and cellular responses targeting emerging variants of concern
Temperature Effects On The Nitric Acid Oxidation Of Industrial Grade Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
No full textIn this study, we report an oxidative treatment of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by using nitric acid at different temperatures (25-175 C). The analyzed materials have diameters varying from 10 to 40 nm and majority lengths between 3 and 6 μm. The characterization results obtained by different techniques (e.g., field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy, Braunauer, Emmet and Teller method, ζ-potential and confocal Raman spectroscopy) allowed us to access the effects of temperature treatment on the relevant physico-chemical properties of the MWCNTs samples studied in view of an integrated perspective to use these samples in a bio-toxicological context. Analytical microbalance measurements were used to access the purity of samples (metallic residue) after thermogravimetric analysis. Confocal Raman spectroscopy measurements were used to evaluate the density of structural defects created on the surface of the tubes due to the oxidation process by using 2D Raman image. Finally, we have demonstrated that temperature is an important parameter in the generation of oxidation debris (a byproduct which has not been properly taken into account in the literature) in the industrial grade MWCNTs studied after nitric acid purification and functionalization. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.157Alexander, A.J., Carbon nanotubes structures and compositions: Implications for toxicological studies (2007) Nanotoxicology: Characterization, Dosing and Health Effects, pp. 7-18. , N.A. Monteiro-Riviere C.L. Tran (eds) 1 Eds. 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