1,721,060 research outputs found
Der Gesundheitssystemvergleich : Konzepte und Perspektiven
Get PDFTrotz der hohen Bedeutung, die Gesundheitssystemen in modernen Gesellschaften zugeschrieben wird, hat sich eine theoretisch angeleitete Gesundheitssystemforschung bis heute nicht etabliert. Der Schwerpunkt der vergleichenden Analyse von Gesundheitssystemen liegt auf der Finanzierungs- und Ausgabenproblematik, während Fragen zu Akteuren und Institutionen sowie zu den Wirkungen von Gesundheitssystemen in der Regel unteranalysiert sind. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über vier theoretische Zugänge zum Gesundheitssystemvergleich. Diskutiert werden gesundheitsökonomische Analysen, systemtheoretische Arbeiten, die Theorie staatlicher Steuerung und institutionentheoretische Ansätze
The self-regulatory German health care system between growing competition and state hierarchy
Get PDFThis article focuses on the changing role of the state in financing, providing and regulating health care services under the German health care system from 1970-2000. While a reduced role of the state can be observed in terms of financing, our analysis of service provision indicates inconsistent developments. Monetary resource flow analyses indicate a decrease in private service provision as a percentage of total health expenditure, but when analysing the development of health employment we see a growth in "private" health care personnel. The most important changes, however, have taken place in terms of regulation. Since the early 1990s, the traditionally self-regulatory German health care system has simultaneously faced growing competition and state hierarchy. -- Thema des Beitrags ist die sich ändernde Rolle des Staates in der Finanzierung, Leistungserbringung und Regulierung im deutschen Gesundheitssystem zwischen 1970 und 2000. Während sich bei der Finanzierung von Gesundheitsleistungen ein Rückzug des Staates abzeichnet, ergibt die Analyse der Leistungserbringung keinen einheitlichen Trend. Gemessen in Prozent der Gesamtausgaben für Gesundheit zeigt die Untersuchung der monetären Ressourcen eine Reduzierung der privaten Leistungserbringung, wohingegen bei der Analyse des Gesundheitspersonals ein Anstieg der privaten Leistungserbringung zu erkennen ist. Die wichtigsten Änderungen erfolgten allerdings im Bereich der Regulierung. Seit den frühen 1990er Jahren befindet sich das traditionell selbstverwaltete deutsche Gesundheitssystem zunehmend in einer Umklammerung aus staatlicher Regulierung einerseits und Wettbewerb andererseits.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Convergence of divergence of OECD health care systems?
No full textThis article focuses on two major questions concerning the changing role of the state in the health care systems of OECD countries. Firstly, we ask whether major changes in the level of state involvement (in health care systems) have occurred in the past thirty
years. Given the fact that three types of health care systems – which are characterized by a distinct role of the state – evolved during the golden age, we secondly discuss how this distinctiveness – or more technically: variance – has changed in the period under scrutiny. While many authors analysing health policy changes exclusively concentrate on finance and expenditure data, we simultaneously consider financing, service provision, and regulation.
As far as financing is concerned, we observe a small shift from the public to the private sphere with a tendency towards convergence in this dimension. Expanding Peter Flora’s “growth to limits” theses, due to the ongoing increase of total financing and the melting off of the public share “private growth and public limits” might be a future trend in the financing dimension of health care systems. The few data available on service provision, in contrast, show neither signs of retreat of the state nor of convergence. In the regulation dimension – which we analyse by picking major health system reforms in Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States – we see the introduction or strengthening of those co-ordination mechanisms (hierarchy, markets and selfregulation) which were traditionally weak in the respective type of health care system. “Gate-keeping” and DRG models are remarkable examples to show that health policy might increasingly be oriented at “best practices” even when the respective solutions are beyond the traditional path of reforms. Putting these findings together we find a tendency of convergence from distinct types towards mixed types of health care systems
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
