1,354,922 research outputs found
Interacting effects of irradiance and water stress on dry weight and biomass partitioning in Fagus sylvatica seedlings
No full textActual climate models for central Europe predict prolonged summer droughts. Knowledge on how the interaction between light and water availability affects regeneration will hence be of major importance. In an experiment carried out under controlled conditions, newly emerged beech seedlings were grown in pots with sand during 54 days. Three treatments applying three different light levels (2, 9 and 43% relative light intensity) were combined with two soil water treatments ( control and drought). At the end of the experiment, seedlings were separated into leaves, stem and root and the seedlings' dry mass, leaf area and stem length was determined. Low irradiance (2%) had a strong negative effect on dry weights of seedling components, leaf area and specific leaf mass. Drought clearly affected biomass partitioning for seedlings at high irradiance levels (43%). An interaction between irradiance and drought on biomass partitioning in beech seedlings was observed at medium irradiance level (9%). Within a wide range of light levels in the forests, both light and drought may affect biomass partitioning in young seedlings
The case of Kugelberg-Welander spinal amyotrophy
No full textSpinal muscular atrophy is a genetic disorder characterised by loss of motor neurons, progressive symmetrical muscle wasting, hypotonia, different muscle group fasciculation, without sensitive and cerebellar disorders. Kugelberg-Welander disease is one of the spinal muscular atrophy. This article shows the case of Kugelberg-Welander spinal amyotrophy of adult patient.Спинальные амиотрофии – это группа наследственных заболеваний, характеризующихся дегенерацией двигательных нейронов передних рогов спинного мозга. одной из разновидностей спинальных амиотрофий является болезнь Кугельберга-Веландера, которая клинически проявляется в виде симметричной мышечной гипотонии и гипотрофии, фасцикуляций различных мышечных групп, наряду с отсутствием чувствительных, мозжечковых нарушений. В статье приведен случай диагностики спинальной амиотрофии кугельберга-Веландера у взрослого пациента
Dr. Arthur D. Welander, radiobiologist, with a giant clam, Bikini Atoll, summer 1947
No full textImages documenting the 1947 Bikini Resurvey Project.
Caption in scrapbook: Dr. Welander with a giant clam dug from Bikini coral.
On verso of image: Dr. A. D. Welander, of the University of Washington Department of Fisheries, shown with giant Bikini clam he dug out of coral ten feet below the surface of the water. The clam weighed more than a hundred pounds.
ABCR 5026-7
Bikini Atoll Radiological Survey Scrapbook, p. 34
Modernity - Man\u27s Precarious Reality
No full textWelander examines the instability that modernity creates in life. By studying the work of sociologist Peter Berger, Welander explores some of the most important questions spawned by modernity. Traditional societies boasted a high understanding of normative values, frequently through religious institutions, whereas modernity, characterized by industrialization, urbanization, technological innovation, bureaucratization, and globalization, lacks those common, binding principles. Economic, social, ideological, and technological changes have also resulted in a new level of pluralism. While one or two societal institutions previously were able to rule society\u27s consciousness and stabilize morality, now hundreds of thousands of institutions vie for power. Overloading people with options makes it impossible for them to choose among them, and all the institutions find their power questioned and diminished. Therefore, subjectivity rules the modern context. Each individual is required to create his or her own identity without any significant help of institutions, making identity crises far more prevalent. There have been two primary responses to deal with the crisis inspired by pluralism: relativism and fundamentalism. Moral relativism proclaims that there can be no absolute truth: everyone\u27s beliefs are equally valid and equally untrue. On the other hand, fundamentalism proclaims the superiority of one option over all others. While this gives certainty to the group that believes in one option, it frequently makes for civil unrest. Neither of these reactions to pluralism answers how to find certainty in pluralism. Welander argues that while no easy answer appears to be forthcoming, it is of the utmost importance to continue to question and study responses to modernity because an unawareness of the implications of modern society will continue to result in frequent crises and conflicts
Arthur D. Welander collecting poisoned fish in the reef surrounding Enjebi Island, summer 1964
No full textImages documenting the Eniwetok-Bikini Resurvey Project between July and September 1964.
Caption with image: Welander spread rotenone, a drug which paralyzes the gills of fish, in the Engebi reef pool. Some coral is visible in the shallow water. A moray eel, which refused to leave the area, made the task more interesting. Welander often had to compete with sharks, attracted by the dead fish, in collecting his specimens.
Radiological Survey of Bikini, Eniwetok and Rongelap Atolls, Volume 2, p.24
Dr. Arthur D. Welander sorting dead fish, Bikini Atoll, summer 1947
No full textImages documenting the 1947 Bikini Resurvey Project.
Caption in scrapbook: Dr. A. D. Welander sorts dead fish.
ABCR 5093-8
Bikini Atoll Radiological Survey Scrapbook, p. 63
Scientists A.H. Seymour, A.D. Welander and Kellogg taking readings of radioactivity with Geiger counters on Enjebi Island, summer 1949
No full textImages documenting the 1949 Bikini Resurvey Project.
Caption in scrapbook: The Land Survey on Engebi Island [now Enjebi Island]
Seymour takes a sample reading with a June counter while Welander records and Kellogg carries a Victoreen counter. Welander (left) is holding in a clipboard, one of the outline charts used in plotting readings of radioactivity.
Radiological Survey of Bikini, Eniwetok and Likiep Atolls Scrapbook, p. 39
Epidemiology and prevention of bicycle-related injuries in Sweden
No full textThe main objectives of the study are. to analyse injury patterns and trends in injuries among bicyclists at county and national levels in Sweden (with a primary focus on head injuries) and to develop methods for the analysis and prevention of bicycle-related injuries, including head injuries.For children under 15 in Skaraborg County there. was an average annual decrease in all bicycle-related injuries of 3.1 %, equivalent to a decrease of 48 % over the period 1978- 93 (for head injuries 59 %). By contrast, the elderly, not targeted in helmet-wearing programs before. the mid-1990s, showed a significant increase (4.7% annually) (Paper 1). In a countywide program on increasing helmet use political and intersectoral support and information via the media were important process elements (Paper II). In Sweden's Western Region both bodily injuries in general and head injuries in particular show regional differences with the highest incidence in rural Skaraborg County. Females generally show a lower incidence than males, but older women are more. likely to be seriously injured than younger. Females sustain more. work-related bicycle injuries than males. All this indicates that targeted measures are. required (Paper 111).There was 3.7 times greater risk of being killed in a bicycle-related accident for the elderly than for children 14 or under. Elderly showed an annual increase of 2.7 % for head injuries between 1987 and 1996, with an average annual increase in the south and north of Sweden of 2.2 % and 4.2 % respectively (Paper IV). For children there is a substantial difference in injury rates between urban (higher) and rural (lower) areas (Paper V). The north/south comparison does not give the same clear picture for small children, but for the. 7-14 olds.The conclusion is that there. are a reasons to interpret the results as that a comprehensive bicycle helmet program decreases head injuries significantly more than single-factor oriented programs (Paper 1). However, methodological errors or changes in diagnostic procedures as well as hospital admission policies might explain part of the decrease of head injuries. Process evaluation of a county program support the conclusion that political participation, intersectoral cooperation as well as distribution of information via media, are important determinants of program success (Paper 11). Geographical, gender, age and occupational differences, leads to the conclusion that targeted measures are required. There are reasons to move. the. focus of preventive. activities also to adult cycling (Paper Ill, IV and V).The general conclusion of these studies is that it has been possible to develop methods both for prevention of bicycle-related head injuries, and analysis of intervention programs. For head injuries the national hospital discharge registries can be used - with much caution - on county, regional as well as on national level. Future studies should concentrate on the quality control on such registries, as well as on the development of biostatistical methods for analysing trends. It is also important to develop qualitative methods that more clearly describes intervention efforts parallel to outcome results.List of scientific papersI. Ekman R, Schelp L, Welander G, Svanstrom L (1997). "Can a combination of local, regional and national information substantially increase bicycle-helmet wearing and reduce injuries? Experiences from Sweden. " Accid Anal Prev 29(3): 321-8 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9183470II. Ekman R, Welander G (1998). "The results of 10 years experience with the Skaraborg bicycle helmet program in Sweden." Int J Consumer Product Safety 5: 23-39III. Welander G, Ekman R, Svanstrom L, Schelp L, Karlsson A (1999). "Bicycle injuries in Western Sweden: a comparison between counties. " Accid Anal Prev 31(1-2): 13-9 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10084614IV. Ekman R, Welander G, Svanstrom L, Schelp L, Santesson P (2001). "Bicycle-related injuries among the elderly- a new epidemic?" Public Health 115: 38-43V. Welander G, Ekman R, Svanstrom L, Ponce de Leon A, Santesson P (2001). "Are there intra-country geographic differences in child bicycle-related injuries in Sweden?" Journal of Traffic Medicine (Accepted)</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Celiac disease : complications and the role of infection in pathogenesis
No full textCeliac disease (CD) affects about 1% of the Western population. Individuals with CD suffer increased risk of a number of comorbid conditions, including certain malignancies and diabetes mellitus type 1. The pathogenesis of CD is poorly understood. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in individuals with CD. These studies were carried out with the objective to obtain increased knowledge regarding CD characteristics, in order to optimally design the care of individuals with CD and identify possible groups with increased risk of CD. A separate aim of this thesis was to further investigate the pathogenesis of CD, by assessing the effect of infectious disease at time of gluten introduction on the risk of future CD.The risk of VTE was assessed in a cohort of 14,207 individuals with a discharge diagnosis of CD. When investigating renal complications (ESRD and IgAN), studies were based on a CD cohort identified through Swedish biopsy registers (about 29,000 individuals). Cox regression was used to investigate the associations between CD and outcome data in these population-based cohort studies. For the last study, we used the All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) population-based cohort study, where parents of 9,408 children prospectively completed a diary with feeding data and parent-reported infections during the child’s first year of life. The pediatric departments in the area reported children diagnosed with CD.We found a modestly increased risk of VTE in CD (Hazard ratio, HR, 1.86; 95% Confidence interval, CI, 1.54-2.24). Individuals with biopsy-verified CD suffered a three-fold increased risk of future ESRD (HR, 2.87; 95% CI 2.22-3.71). Individuals with biopsy-verified CD also suffered increased risk of future biopsy-verified IgAN (HR, 3.03; 95% CI 1.22-7.56). Although parent-reported infections were more common among children with CD (p=0.035), we found no increased risk of CD among children with any reported infection (HR, 1.8; 95% CI 0.9-3.6) or gastroenteritis (HR, 2.6; 95% CI 0.2-30.8) at time of gluten introduction (analyses adjusted for age at gluten introduction, age at end of breastfeeding, and age at any infection).We conclude that CD is associated with a modestly increased risk of VTE, and that CD is a risk factor for future ESRD and IgAN. Although absolute risks are low, our findings warrant increased awareness regarding renal function in the care of individuals with CD. Future studies should evaluate the effect of adherence to a gluten-free diet to potentially identify individuals at risk.Infection at time of gluten introduction does not seem to be a major risk factor for future CD. In a setting where adherence to infant feeding guidelines is high, duration of breastfeeding and age at gluten introduction are no major risk factors for CD. Future studies should include longer follow-up to assess long-term effects of environmental factors during the first year of life.List of scientific papersI. Ludvigsson JF, Welander A, Lassila R, Ekbom A, Montgomery SM. Risk of thromboembolism in 14,000 individuals with coeliac disease. British Journal of Haematology. 2007;139:121-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06766.x II. Welander A, Prutz KG, Fored M, Ludvigsson JF. Increased risk of end-stage renal disease in individuals with coeliac disease. Gut. 2012 Jan;61(1):64-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300134 III. Welander A, Sundelin B, Fored M, Ludvigsson JF. Risk of IgA nephropathy in individuals with celiac disease. [Submitted]IV. Welander A, Tjernberg AR, Montgomery SM, Ludvigsson J, Ludvigsson JF. Infectious disease and risk of later celiac disease in childhood. Pediatrics. 2010 Mar;125(3):e530-6. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-1200 </p
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