18 research outputs found
Electrostatic force-assisted nanoimprint lithography (EFAN)
No full textWe present and demonstrate a novel imprint method, electrostatic force-assisted nanoimprint lithography (EFAN), where a voltage applied between a mold and a substrate generates an electrostatic force that presses the mold into a resist on the substrate. We have successfully used EFAN to pattern nanostructures in a photocurable resist spin-coated on a wafer, with high fidelity and excellent uniformity over the entire substrate, in ambient atmosphere without using a vacuum chamber. In initial tests without any process optimization, 100 nm half-pitch gratings with a residual layer thickness of 22 ± 5 nm were imprinted across a 100 mm diameter wafer in about 2 s. Furthermore, numerical calculations show that the field magnitude experienced by the dielectric layers on the substrate is much less than their breakdown limit. Hence, EFAN is well suited for step-and-repeat nanoimprint lithography, and its simple operation can simplify and speed up multilayer alignment process.</p
O papel do ensino de geografia no fortalecimento da educação do campo e na (re)construção do território camponês local
No full textTese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, 2018.Esta tese se propõe a analisar o papel do Ensino de Geografia desenvolvido na Escola Família Agrícola de Natalândia – EFAN, Minas Gerais, no fortalecimento da Educação do Campo e na (re)construção do território camponês local. Nossa suposição é a de que o Ensino de Geografia contribui para a formação dos sujeitos e auxilia no fortalecimento da sua identidade e do seu território. Assim, esta investigação, de base qualitativa, foi realizada por meio de: análise documental; entrevista semiestruturada com o monitor da disciplina de Geografia, o coordenador pedagógico, a supervisora do Ensino Médio e duas lideranças da comunidade; roda de conversa com os alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Médio, e construção do diário de campo. Além disso, participamos, em outros momentos, de eventos e espaços de formação durante dois anos de vivências com os sujeitos locais. Na investigação, abordamos os seguintes temas/autores: questão agrária brasileira, em Alentejano (2014) e Oliveira (2001, 2012); o campesinato e o conceito de Camponês, em Fernandes (2009, 2013); Território, em Haesbaert (2016); o movimento da Educação do Campo, a partir de Caldart e Molina (2011), Caldart et al (2012), Caldart (2015), Freitas (2010) e Molina (2012); e a construção de um arcabouço teórico sobre o Ensino de Geografia em Escolas do Campo, a partir de Callai (2001, 2005), Cavalcanti (2010, 2012), Castellar (2015) e Leite (2002, 2012). Os resultados evidenciaram como se deu a apropriação e construção do território camponês local e a materialização da EFAN enquanto um território educativo. Além disso, ficou evidente, também, a importância do Ensino de Geografia desenvolvido na escola para a formação dos sujeitos, o resgate e valorização da sua identidade e o fortalecimento do território camponês local, embora pudesse ser potencializada caso não houvesse negligência em relação a alguns dos conceitos e conteúdos fundamentais da ciência geográfica. Por fim, em conjunto com a equipe pedagógica, foram definidos os conteúdos fundamentais para cada ano de formação do Ensino Médio, considerados necessários para uma aproximação da Geografia com a Educação do Campo, especificamente para o contexto da EFAN. Concluímos que o Ensino de Geografia, quando entendido enquanto uma construção realizada em conjunto com os sujeitos, através de processos que prezem pela autonomia, empoderamento e valorização das especificidades e dos sujeitos locais, tem papel fundamental no fortalecimento e na construção da Educação do Campo, e contribui, principalmente, para a materialização de processos que valorizem os tempos e espaços do campo e dos sujeitos camponeses. Na Geografia, em especial, essa significação potencializa o trabalho com seus temas e conteúdos; por um lado, auxilia no processo de fortalecimento da cultura e da identidade do camponês, e, por outro, na reconstrução e/ou ressignificação dos conhecimentos geográficos a partir da realidade dos sujeitos, algo tão caro à ciência geográfica.This thesis proposes to analyze the role of Geography Teaching as it is developed at the Escola Família Agrícola de Natalândia - EFAN, Minas Gerais, in the strengthening of the Educação do Campo and in the (re)construction of the local peasant territory. We believe that Geography Teaching contributes to the subjects‟ formation and enhances the strengthening of their identity and territory. This qualitative research was carried out through documentary analysis; semi-structured interviews with the Geography Monitor, the pedagogical coordinator, the High School supervisor and two community leaders; conversation with students of EFAN‟s High School and field diary. In addition, the author has participated in events and formation spaces during the two years of experiences with local subjects. The following themes and authors were approached: the Brazilian agrarian question, in Alentejano (2014) and Oliveira (2001; 2012); the peasantry and the Peasant concept, in Fernandes (2009, 2013); Territory in Haesbaert (2016); the Educação do Campo movement, in Caldart and Molina (2011), Caldart et al (2012), Caldart (2015), Freitas (2010) and Molina (2012); the construction of a theoretical framework on the Teaching of Geography in Escolas do Campo, from Callai (2001, 2005), Cavalcanti (2010, 2012), Castellar (2015) and Leite (2002, 2012). The results showed how the appropriation and construction of the local peasant territory and the materialization of the EFAN as an educational territory took place. In addition, the importance of Geography Teaching for the subjects‟ formation, the rescue and valorization of their identity and the strengthening of the local peasant territory was made evident, although it could be enhanced if there were no negligence of some fundamental concepts and contents of geographic science. Finally, we propose basic contents for each year of High School education specifically for the EFAN context, which were developed with the school‟s pedagogical team. The conclusion is that Geography Teaching, when understood as a construction carried out in conjunction with the subjects, through processes that cherish autonomy, empowerment and valorization of local specificities and subjects, plays a fundamental role in the strengthening and construction of the Educação do Campo, and contributes to the materialization of processes that value the peasant subjects. For the geographic science, on one hand, this understanding helps in the process of strengthening the culture and the identity of the peasant, and, on the other hand, it allows the reconstruction and re-signification of the geographical knowledge from the reality of the subjects.Instituto de Ciências Humanas (ICH)Departamento de Geografia (ICH GEA)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografi
ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT PLACEMENT AS A GLOBAL MARKETING STRATEGY OF SUBWAY SANDWICH IN DRAMA MY ROOMMATE IS GUMIHO
No full textSubway is a fast food restaurant from America that uses a franchise concept. This study aims to determine the Product Placement used by Subway Sandwich as a global marketing strategy in the Korean drama My Roommate is Gumiho. In this study, the author uses a qualitative method in social phenomena by collecting data from news, journals, articles, dramas, and books to find evidence that follows product placement and global marketing strategies. However, this study focuses on analyzing Korean dramas and news articles. The findings of this study will produce a division of product placement dimensions contained in the drama My Roommate is Gumiho. The result of this study is product placement carried out by Subway in the parts contained in the drama My Roommate, which means international audiences can increasingly recognize Subway products
Implementación de la metodología del plan de negocios en mipyme “Zona Green”
No full textThrough the present analysis in the Micro-enterprise called "Green Zone" the methods for the implementation of the business plan were analyzed as: the mission and the vision giving a greater purpose of the business and its administration. Likewise, other analyzes are applied to detect which are the current clients to improve the organization and to measure the result in the business. A financial analysis was also established to discover how this business works and offers an improvement in a way that facilitates the business process. Applying a SWOT analysis were discovered the several of which one of the most prominent were the strengths of the companies stands out the location of the business. All previously confirmed information has been cited in order to grant credit to the author and support the credibility of the document, whose purpose is to improve the business.A través del presente análisis en la Micro empresa llamada “Zona Green” se analizaron diferentes aspectos para la implementación del plan de negocios tales como: misión y visión, dando a conocer el principal propósito del negocio y su administración. Asimismo, se aplicaron otros análisis para detectar cuales son los actuales consumidores para mejorar la organización y medir los resultado en el negocio. También se estableció un análisis financiero para descubrir la manera en que trabaja este negocio y ofrecer una mejora de manera que facilite el proceso del negocio. Aplicando un análisis FODA se descubrieron varios aspectos de los cuales uno de los más destacados fueron las Fortalezas de las cuales sobresale la ubicación del negocio. Se ha citado toda la información previamente confirmada con el fin de otorgar crédito al autor y apoyando la credibilidad del documento, cuyo fin es la mejora del negocio
Reward Promotes Self-face Processing: An Event-related Potential Study
No full textThe present study adopted a reward-priming paradigm to investigate whether and how monetary reward cues affected self-face processing. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during judgments of head orientation of target faces (self, friend, and stranger), with performance associated with a monetary reward. The results showed self-faces elicited larger N2 mean amplitudes than other-faces, and mean N2 amplitudes increased after monetary reward as compared with no reward cue. Moreover, an interac-tion effect between cue type and face type was observed for the P3 component, sug-gesting that both self-faces and friend-faces elicited larger P3 mean amplitudes than stranger-faces after no reward cue, with no significant difference between self-faces and friend-faces under this condition. However, self-faces elicited larger P3 mean ampli-tudes than friend-faces when monetary reward cues were provided. Interestingly, the enhancement of reward on friend-faces processing was observed at LPP (450-600 ms), suggesting that the LPP difference between friend-faces and stranger-faces was en-hanced with monetary reward cues. Thus, we found that the enhancement effect of re-ward on self-relevant processing occurred at the later stages, but not at the early stage. These findings suggest that the activation of the reward expectations can enhance self-face processing, yielding a robust and sustained modulation over their overlapped brain areas where reward and self-relevant processing mechanisms may operate together
SCFSLF-mediated cytosolic degradation of S-RNase is required for cross-pollen compatibility in S-RNase-based self-incompatibility in Petunia hybrida
No full textMany flowering plants adopt self-incompatibility (SI) to maintain their genetic diversity. In species of Solanaceae, Plantaginaceae and Rosaceae, SI is genetically controlled by a single S-locus with multiple haplotypes. The S-locus has been shown to encode S-RNases expressed in pistil and multiple SLF (S-locus F-box) proteins in pollen controlling the female and male specificity of SI, respectively. S-RNases appear to function as a cytotoxin to reject self-pollen. In addition, SLFs have been shown to form SCF (SKP1/Cullin1/F-box) complexes to serve as putative E3 ubiquitin ligase to interact with S-RNases. Previously, two different mechanisms, the S-RNase degradation and the S-RNase compartmentalization, have been proposed as the restriction mechanisms of S-RNase cytotoxicity allowing compatible pollination. In this study, we have provided several lines of evidence in support of the S-RNase degradation mechanism by a combination of cellular, biochemical and molecular biology approaches. First, both immunogold labeling and subcellular fractionation assays showed that two key pollen SI factors, PhSLF-S3L and PhSSK1 (SLF-interacting SKP1-like1) from Petunia hybrida, a Solanaceous species, are co-localized in cytosols of both pollen grains and tubes. Second, PhS3L-RNases are mainly detected in the cytosols of both self and non-self pollen tubes after pollination. Third, we found that both PhS3-RNases and PhS3L-RNases directly interact with PhSLF-S3L by yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Fourth, S-RNases are specifically degraded in compatible pollen tubes by non-self SLF action. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SCFSLF-mediated non-self S-RNase degradation occurs in the cytosol of pollen tube through the ubiquitin/26S proteasome system serving as the major mechanism to neutralize S-RNase cytotoxicity during compatible pollination in P. hybrida
Characterization of VuMATE1 expression in response to iron nutrition and aluminum stress reveals adaptation of rice bean (Vigna umbellata) to acid soils through cis regulation
No full textRice bean (Vigna umbellata) VuMATE1 appears to be constitutively expressed at vascular system but root apex, and Al stress extends its expression to root apex. Whether VuMATE1 participates in both Al tolerance and Fe nutrition, and how VuMATE1 expression is regulated is of great interest. In this study, the role of VuMATE1 in Fe nutrition was characterized through in planta complementation assays. The transcriptional regulation of VuMATE1 was investigated through promoter analysis and promoter-GUS reporter assays. The results showed that the expression of VuMATE1 was regulated by Al stress but not Fe status. Complementation of frd3-1 with VuMATE1 under VuMATE1 promoter could not restore phenotype, but restored with 35SCaMV promoter. Immunostaining of VuMATE1 revealed abnormal localization of VuMATE1 in vasculature. In planta GUS reporter assay identified Al-responsive cis-acting elements resided between -1228 and -574 bp. Promoter analysis revealed several cis-acting elements, but transcription is not simply regulated by one of these elements. We demonstrated that cis regulation of VuMATE1 expression is involved in Al tolerance mechanism, while not involved in Fe nutrition. These results reveal the evolution of VuMATE1 expression for better adaptation of rice bean to acidic soils where Al stress imposed but Fe deficiency pressure released
Integrated expression profiles of mRNA and microRNA in the liver of Fructus Meliae Toosendan water extract injured mice
No full textLiver toxicity is a severe problem associated with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Fructus Meliae Toosendan (FMT) is a known hepatotoxic TCM, however, the toxicological mechanisms of liver injury caused by FMT treatment still remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to reveal possible mechanisms of FMT water extract-induced liver injury using a systemic approach. After three consecutive daily dosing of FMT water extract, significant increases of ALT, AST, and ALP activities, along with elevated TBILI and TCHOL levels and a decrease of TG level, were detected in mice serum. Moreover, hydropic degeneration was observed in hepatocytes, suggesting the presence of FMT-induced liver injury. mRNA and microRNA expression profiles of liver samples from injured mice were analyzed and revealed 8 miRNAs and 1,723 mRNAs were significantly changed after FMT water extract treatment. For the 8 differentially expressed miRNAs, their predicted target genes were collected and a final set of 125 genes and 4 miRNAs (miR-139-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-2861 and miR-3960) was selected to investigate important processes involved in FMT hepatotoxicity. Our results demonstrated several cellular functions were disordered after FMT treatment, such as cellular growth and proliferation, gene expression and cellular development. We hypothesized that liver cell necrosis was the main liver toxicity of FMT water extract, which was possibly caused by oxidative stress responses
The coordination of gene expression within photosynthesis pathway for acclimation of C4 energy crop Miscanthus lutarioriparius
No full textAs a promising candidate for the second-generation C4 energy crop, Miscanthus lutarioriparius has well acclimated to the water-limited and high-light Loess Plateau in China by improving photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency (WUE) compared to its native habitat along Yangtze River. Photosynthetic genes were demonstrated as one major category of the candidate genes underlying the physiological superiority. To further study how photosynthetic genes interact to improve the acclimation potential of M. lutarioriparius, population expression patterns within photosynthesis pathway were explored between one mild environment and one harsh environment. We found that 108 transcripts in assembled transcriptome of M. lutarioriparius were highly similar to genes in three Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) photosynthesis pathways of sorghum and maize. Phylogenetic analyses using sorghum, maize, rice and Arabidopsis genes of dark reaction identified 23 orthologs and 30 paralogs of M. lutarioriparius photosynthetic genes. These genes were also clustered into two kinds of expression pattern. 87% of transcripts in dark reaction were up-regulated and all 14 chloroplast-encoded transcripts in light reaction increased degradation in the harsh environment compared to the mild environment. Moreover, 80.8 % of photosynthetic transcripts were coordinated at transcription level under the two environments. Interestingly, LHCI and PSI were significantly correlated with F-ATPase and C4 cycle. Overall, this study indicates the coordinated expression between cyclic electron transport (consisting of LHCI, PSI and ATPase) and CO2-concentrating mechanism (C4 cycle) could account for photosynthesis plasticity on M. lutarioriparius acclimation potential
Cyclic stretch facilitates myogenesis in C2C12 myoblasts and rescues thiazolidinedione-inhibited myotube formation
No full textThiazolidinedione (TZD), a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor r (PPARr) agonist, was developed to control blood glucose in diabetes patients. However, several side effects were reported that increased the risk of heart failure. We used C2C12 myoblasts to investigate the role of PPARs and their transcriptional activity during myotube formation. The role of mechanical stretch during myogenesis was also explored by applying cyclic stretch to the differentiating C2C12 myoblasts with 10% strain deformation at 1 Hz. The myogenesis medium (MM), composed of Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with 2% horse serum, facilitated myotube formation with increased myosin heavy chain and a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) protein expression. The PPAR protein and PPAR response element (PPRE) promoter activity decreased during MM induction. Cyclic stretch further facilitated the myogenesis in MM with increased a-SMA and decreased PPARr protein expression and inhibited PPRE promoter activity. Adding a PPARr agonist (TZD) to the MM stopped the myogenesis and restored the PPRE promoter activity, whereas a PPARr antagonist (GW9662) significantly increased the myotube number and length. During the myogenesis induction, application of cyclic stretch rescued the inhibitory effects of TZD. These results provide novel perspectives for mechanical stretch to interplay and rescue the dysfunction of myogenesis with the involvement of PPARr and its target drugs
