1,721,062 research outputs found
Deep dysgraphia in Turkish.
No full textDeep dysgraphic patients make semantic errors when writing to dictation and they cannot write nonwords. Extant reports of deep dysgraphia come from languages with relatively opaque orthographies. Turkish is a transparent orthography because the bidirectional mappings between phonology and orthography are completely predictable. We report BRB, a biscriptal Turkish-English speaker who has acquired dysgraphia characterised by semantic errors as well as effects of grammatical class and imageability on writing in Turkish. Nonword spelling is abolished. A similar pattern of errors is observed in English. BRB is the first report of acquired dysgraphia in a truly transparent writing system. We argue that deep dysgraphia results from damage to the mappings that are common to both languages between word meanings and orthographic representations
Surface dyslexia in Chinese
No full textWe report the oral reading performance of a Chinese anomic patient LJG, whose reduced confrontation naming was accompanied by impaired written word and spoken word comprehension. LJG's oral reading is significantly better than his comprehension of the same lexical items from written word and from spoken word input, although his oral reading is not flawless. We examined the effects of character regularity, frequency and concreteness on LJG's oral reading of single-character monosyllabic Chinese words. LJG displayed impairment when reading aloud irregular Chinese characters that have an unpredictable correspondence between their components and the pronunciation of the character as a whole. This deficit was particularly severe for irregular, low-frequency, abstract items. In addition, LJG produced a number of oral reading errors in which characters were assigned pronunciations appropriate to a character component rather than the character itself. We characterize LJG's oral reading as surface dyslexia. We argue that the oral reading of irregular Chinese characters is more prone to error than oral reading of regular Chinese characters following brain damage because of response competition at the level of phonological output.We report the oral reading performance of a Chinese anomic patient LJG, whose reduced confrontation naming was accompanied by impaired written word and spoken word comprehension. LJG's oral reading is significantly better than his comprehension of the same lexical items from written word and from spoken word input, although his oral reading is not flawless. We examined the effects of character regularity, frequency and concreteness on LJG's oral reading of single-character monosyllabic Chinese words. LJG displayed impairment when reading aloud irregular Chinese characters that have an unpredictable correspondence between their components and the pronunciation of the character as a whole. This deficit was particularly severe for irregular, low-frequency, abstract items. In addition, LJG produced a number of oral reading errors in which characters were assigned pronunciations appropriate to a character component rather than the character itself. We characterize LJG's oral reading as surface dyslexia. We argue that the oral reading of irregular Chinese characters is more prone to error than oral reading of regular Chinese characters following brain damage because of response competition at the level of phonological output
A diffusion model approach to analysing the bilingual advantage for the Flanker task: The role of attentional control processes
No full textElderly bilingual speakers exhibit a response time (RT) advantage on tests of executive function such as the Flanker task. There is, however, a lack of consensus regarding the cognitive mechanisms underlying this bilingual advantage. We analysed Flanker task performance from elderly bilingual (N = 29, age range = 55-75) and monolingual (N = 27, age range = 53-75) speakers using Ratcliff's (1978) diffusion model, which conceptualizes decision-making as a stochastic evidence accumulation process governed by parameters with empirically validated psychological interpretations. These parameters were analysed to investigate differences in cognitive processing between bilingual and monolingual groups in flanker RT performance. A bilingual advantage on decision making onset (the non-decision time parameter) was observed. Non-decision time was shorter on incongruent flanker trials for bilingual speakers but other parameters relating to quality of evidence (drift rate) and decision criterion (boundary separation) did not differ between groups. We interpret this non-decision time cost as reflecting a process of attentional 'filtering out' of distracting information. We therefore contend that lifelong bilingual language experience generates enhanced attentional control for seniors
Processes involved in the computation of a shape description
No full textThe encoding of shape information from spatially separate items was investigated in 3 experiments. In Experiment 1a, participants had to search for an inward-pointing are among a set of outward-pointing arcs; participants in Experiment 1b were given the opposite task. Search was efficient if distracter arcs pointed away from fixation and there was curvilinearity between neighboring end-terminators (Experiment 1a) but relatively inefficient if distracter arcs pointed toward fixation (Experiment 1b). In Experiments 2 and 3, connecting end-terminators did not change performance. Results reflect the involvement of mechanisms of shape encoding
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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