37 research outputs found
Retrovasjon: Innovasjon med utspring i tradisjon i matbransjen
No full textOverordnet hensikt med doktorgradsavhandlingen er å gi et bidrag til innovasjonsforskningen gjennom videreutvikling av begrepet retrovasjon. Jeg har definert retrovasjon som innovasjon med utspring i tradisjon, der det blir brukt kombinasjoner av materielle- og immaterielle, nye- og gamle ressurser. Tjenesteinnovasjon er identifisert som et område hvor det er behov for mer kunnskap. Avhandlingen gir et bidrag til den servicedominante logikken (SDL). Innenfor SDL har det vært etterspurt flere empiriske studier og denne avhandlingen bekrefter at SDL gir en ny måte å forstå verdi og innovasjon på. Avhandlingen gir også et bidrag til forskningen på lokalmat.
Innovasjonsteorier, tjenesteinnovasjon og SDL benyttes som teoretisk rammeverk for å få svar på forskningsspørsmålene «Hva kjennetegner retrovasjon?» og «Hvordan skjer retrovasjon?», med underspørsmålene «Hvilke ressurser integreres, og hvordan integreres ressursene i retrovasjonsprosessen?».
Dybdeintervjuer med opinionsdannere og multiple casestudier er valgt for å få innsikt i hva begrepet retrovasjon kan omfatte. I avhandlingen har jeg identifisert seks bestanddeler ved verdiforslag som kjennetegner retrovasjon: 1) produktet/tjenesten og opplevelsen av den, 2) merkevaren og den visuelle identiteten, 3) historier og historieformidling, 4) stedsidentitet, 5) produksjon og 6) distribusjon.
Resultatene har bidratt til økt kunnskap om ressursintegrering når innovasjonen er med utspring i tradisjon. Det vil si kunnskap om hvilke ressurser og hvilke kombinasjoner av ressurser som integreres, samt hvordan ressurskonfigureringen skjer. De ulike ressurskombinasjonene her ledet fram til klassifisering av fire hovedtyper av retrovasjon: markedsutviklende retrovasjon, kompetansebasert retrovasjon, materielt basert retrovasjon og historiebasert retrovasjon.
For lokalmatbransjen gir forskningen økt kunnskap om verdiforslaget som tilbys, og viser at gamle ressurser kan tas i bruk i innovasjon. Forskningsresultater og modeller i avhandlingen kan ha praktiske implikasjoner for aktører som jobber med innovasjon: De kan gi økt kunnskap om verdiforslag ved å skape bevisstgjøring omkring hva som tilbys, og at verdi må samskapes
Kapittel 7: Fra flaggskip til forbruker: Betydningen av den fysiske butikken og DTC-salg
No full textThe phenomenon of “retail apocalypse” and declining physical store usage has prompted brand suppliers globally and in Norway to rethink their marketing and sales strategies. This shift has led suppliers to explore Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) approaches and establish experiential retail environments. This chapter examines how brands change their sales and marketing channels by opening physical flagship stores, adapting these spaces to counteract the decline in customer visits, and leveraging experiences to boost product and service sales. The role of physical stores is examined within the context of the Norwegian market, mainly focusing on the sports industry. Empirical data were gathered through interviews with marketing and store managers of the branded stores. Findings suggest that physical flagship stores have transformed into venues for engaging sensory experiences, detailed product education, and robust brand-building efforts. The DTC strategy allows brands to directly influence customer perceptions and create lasting emotional connections with consumers. Additionally, the chapter discusses the integration of sustainability practices within these strategies, highlighting the importance of repair services and circular economy efforts in Norwegian retail.Kapittel 7: Fra flaggskip til forbruker: Betydningen av den fysiske butikken og DTC-salgpublishedVersio
Mathematical Modeling, Laboratory Experiments, and Sensitivity Analysis of Bioplug Technology at Darcy Scale
No full textIn this paper, we study a Darcy-scale mathematical model for biofilm formation in porous media. The pores in the core are divided into three phases: water, oil, and biofilm. The water and oil flow are modeled by a generalized version of Darcy's law, and the substrate is transported by mechanical dispersion, diffusion, and convection in the water phase. Initially, there is biofilm on the pore walls. The bio-film consumes substrate for production of biomass and modifies the pore space, which changes the rock permeability. The model includes detachment of biomass caused by water flux and death of bacteria, and it is implemented in the MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST). We discuss the capability of the numerical simulator to capture results from laboratory experiments. We perform a novel sensitivity analysis based on sparse-grid interpolation and multiwavelet expansion to identify the critical model parameters. Numerical experiments using diverse injection strategies are performed to study the impact of different porosity/permeability relationships in a core saturated with water and oil. Introduction After primary and secondary production, up to 85% of the oil remains in the reservoir (Patel et al. 2015). Microbial improved and enhanced oil recovery (MIEOR) is one of the secondary and tertiary methods to increase the oil production using microorganisms (Wood 2019). Bioplug technology is an MIEOR strategy that comprises plugging the most permeable zones in the reservoir, which provokes water to flow through new paths, and recovering the oil in these new zones. However, microorganisms could also form biofilms in undesirable zones in the reservoir, leading to negative effects such as a decrease in water injectivity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of biofilms is important to control their formation. The bioplug technology is intended for use on the field scale but to perform field-scale experiments is both time consuming and economically infeasible. Experiments in microsystems allow us to observe processes in greater detail, which leads to improvement of the experimental methods in core-scale experiments before field applications. For example, in Liu et al. (2019), the effects of flow velocity and substrate (also referred to as nutrients/food) concentration on biofilm in a microchannel was studied, finding values of substrate concentration and flow velocity for a strong plugging effect. Core samples from reservoirs can be used to study changes in permeability because of biofilm formation; for example, in Suthar et al. (2009), two-phase flow experiments were performed to study the selective plugging strategy for MIEOR. In that study, the MIEOR effects increased the oil recovery by approximately 25%. Mathematical models of bioplug technology are important because they help to predict the applicability of this MIEOR strategy and to optimize its benefits. In Kim (2006), a mathematical model for single-phase flow was proposed that includes changes of rock porosity and permeability as a result of biofilm growth. The author calibrated the model using data from experiments in silica sand columns and performed a simple sensitivity analysis (one-at-a-time technique) of a few model parameters. Li et al. (2011) built a mathematical model for two-phase flow including the effects of bio-surfactants and biomass on improving oil recovery. The authors also performed a simple sensitivity analysis of a few model parameters and compared the numerical results for two different porosity/permeability relationships. They concluded that MIEOR could enhance the oil recovery substantially if a larger capillary number is achievable. Nielsen et al. (2016) built a two-phase-flow mathematical model for MIEOR that included a decrease in oil/water interfacial tension by produced surfactants and selective plugging by microbes and metabolic products. The authors studied the oil recovery for diverse injection strategies, changing the pore volumes injected and substrate concentration at a fixed-flow rate. In Dzianach et al. (2019), the authors present a recent review of mathematical models of biofilms for diverse purposes. They concluded that cooperation between various disciplines is required to develop novel models. In this work, we present a two-phase core-scale model of bioplug technology. To our knowledge, this is the first mathematical model for two-phase flow and permeable biofilm. This mathematical model is the result of a research project where microbiologists, physicists, chemists, and mathematicians were involved. A detailed description of this project and previous publications can be found in Landa-Marbán (2019). In contrast to Li et al. (2011), in this work, we perform simulations to find at which part (low, medium, or high porosity) of five porosity/permeability relationships the oil recovery is more sensitive. Unlike Nielsen et al. (2016), we study the oil recovery for several injection strategies by changing the substrate concentration, flow rate, and injection direction. Sensitivity studies of mathematical models are of great interest because they provide estimates of the influence of the inputs (e.g., physical parameters) on a quantity of interest (e.g., biofilm formation). In Brockmann et al. (2006), a regional steady-state sensitivity analysis was performed to identify parameters with the largest impact on a mathematical model for deammonification in biofilm systems. Sensitivity analysis by means of Sobol decomposition provides rigorous estimates of parameter dependencies but are prohibitively expensive to compute if the number of parameters is large. This is remedied for smooth problems by first computing spectral (generalized polynomial chaos) expansions in the parameters, which then leads to efficient evaluation of the sensitivity indices via post-processing of spectral coefficients (Sudret 2008). The latter method was used in Landa-Marbán et al. (2019), where a global sensitivity analysis was performed using Sobol indices to identify the critical parameters of a pore-scale model for permeable biofilm. In this paper, we introduce a different approach that can also be used for nonsmooth mathematical models in the dependent parameters, where spectral expansions with global smooth-basis functions are not a robust choice. We propose a two-stage method where we first useThe work of DLM, GB, BFV, KK, PP, and FAR was partially supported by the Research Council of Norway through Projects IMMENS 255426, MICAP 268390, and CHI 255510. ISP was supported by the Research Foundation-Flanders Belgium, through the Odysseus program (Project G0G1316N) and an Akademia grant from Equinor ASA. The authors also appreciate the support from Equinor ASA related to the experimental work reported herein
Dialektelemente in deutscher und schwedischer Literatur und ihre Übersetzung : von Schelch zu eka, von ilsnedu zu bösartig
No full textThe present study investigates the translation of dialectal elements in literary texts from the German and Swedish linguistical and cultural areas. Translation theory generally advises against the translation of dialectal elements in standard language texts thereby implicitly questioning their creative and communicative function. The aim of the study is to investigate to what extent the dialectal elements in the source text are translated by corresponding dialectal elements in the target text thereby promoting a "cultural transfer" or whether a translation method based on translation theory is used. The linguistic material from the novels Die Räuberbande by the German author Leonhard Frank, Tjärdalen by the Swedish author Sara Lidman and Kapten Nemos bibliotek by the Swedish author Per Olov Enquist is microanalyzed. In doing so, the phonetical-phonological, morphological and syntactical dialectal features in the three source texts are treated methodically and are exemplarily and systematically presented together with their translation variants in the target language. The study focuses mainly on the translations of dialectal lexicology, which is investigated according to its contrastive function regarding the translations of standard language, thereby examining its adequacy. By including all the dialectal lexemes appearing in the works and their translations empirical dates have been compiled as a result of the translation methods. The study´s analyses demonstrate that dialectal elements are mainly translated into standard language, that a large part of dialectisms is paraphrased and that a small part is rendered by spoken language without regional limits. A tendency towards increasing use of dialectal elements through the times can be detected as well as a propensity to adapt the translation to the stylistical preferences in the receiving country. Thus, "cultural transfer" is not promoted
Crenne, Hélisenne de ([1541] 2023). Les quatre premiers livres des Eneydes du treselegant poete Virgile, Traduictz de Latin en prose Francoyse, par ma dame Helisenne
No full textA 16th Century French Version of Virgil’s Aeneid
In 1541, the author and translator known under the name Hélisenne de Crenne published her fourth and last work, a prose adaptation of the first four books of Virgil’s epos the Aeneid. The work was printed by Denys Janot and dedicated to king Francis I. The themes of Crenne’s Aeneid are in many ways similar to the themes present in her earlier works, works of which she was the original author. Crenne shows a vivid interest in love and its consequences in all her works ; moreover, she has a sharp focus on feelings. All this becomes crystal clear in her adaptation of Virgil ; a work which we consider as the keystone to her whole production. It seems that Crenne tried to make Virgil's work accessible and interesting to a broad audience through her adaptations of Virgil. Nonetheless, in contrast to her earlier works, her version of the Aeneid did not meet with any success among its contemporaries. The present volume is the first edition of the whole text since the first edition appeared.
Besides Crenne’s Aeneid, this volume contains an extensive introduction where the work is presented : Crenne’s authorship ; translation in the 16th century ; Crenne’s technique and style ; the three extant copies of the printed edition ; her purposes with the edition. Moreover, our volume contains a commentary where each chapter is compared with the texts of Virgil and of Octovien de Saint-Gelais, the earlier French translator who inspired Crenne the most. Finally, there is a glossary. We have also reproduced the woodcuts from the original edition and tried to recreate a similar layout
„Wider die Anfechtungen der Ketzer“. Nikolaus Tempelfelds Traktat Ordo nature et racionis in der Übersetzung durch Peter Eschenloer. Edition und Erläuterungen
No full textThe article deals with the complicated political situation in Silesia, specifically Breslau (Wrocław) in the middle of the fifteenth century. During this period, all submissive counties had to swear the oath of allegiance to King George of Bohemia, “king of heretics” as he was dubbed by Frederick G. Heymann. One canon of the Breslau cathedral, Nikolaus Tempelfeld (ca. 1400-1474), vehemently agitated against this, trying successfully to influence public opinion in the city. He wrote elaborate treatises on the theme of why George, an evident heretic, could not be king, claiming that it was impossible for truly Catholic people to accept him as a king. We know of three or four treatises by Tempelfeld, all in Latin. One of them was translated by the well-known Breslau town clerk Peter Eschenloer (ca. 1420-1481). Both the author and his translator are briefly introduced, and the German treatise is edited and commented
Versus Maximiani : der Elegienzyklus textkritisch herausgegeben, übersetzt und neu interpretiert
No full textThe Versus Maximiani or Elegies of Maximian were highly estimated for their ethical standard in the Middle Ages and were often copied and read. Throughout Europe you can still find about 50 more or less complete manuscripts containing the Elegies or some fragments of them. The text has also been edited several times.In about 350 elegiac distichs an old man, called Maximianus (IV 26), brags about his youth when he could surpass any man in every way, and laments his old age, which denies him the good things of life, above all love, of which he gives four examples from his own experience. The present work contains a new critical edition of the Elegies or rather Cycle of Elegies, built on a new reading of the manuscripts. A translation of the text into German has been made to increase the accessibility of the complex text.The introduction deals with two questions, which have intrigued scholars throughout the centuries: The dating of the poem and the identification of the author. A close reading of the text reveals new aspects on the structure and the purpose of the work, and on the identity of Maximianus, not as the author but as the target of a parodic and satiric lampoon.</p
The Energy in the Arctic
No full textIntroduction: The inaugural Fulbright Arctic Initiative (FAI) program is moving into its final phases, and FAI scholars are looking
towards finding new and continued synergies between their research efforts. The articles in this issue of the Arctic
and International Relations Series represent the excellent work done by scholars contributing to the theme of “energy”
for the FAI project. This collection exemplifies not only the FAI team’s diverse approaches to energy but also the Arctic
researchers’ energy and dedication to scholarship itself. This volume presents the independent, individual projects
by some of the FAI scholars. Though each author addresses the issue of energy from a different perspective, their
combined efforts tell a comprehensive story about energy in the Arctic and the ways in which energy issues will likely
develop in the future
Use of a murine secreted alkaline phosphatase as a non-immunogenic reporter gene in mice: Murine Alkaline Phosphatase as a Reporter Gene
No full textBackground
The development of any vector system as a gene delivery system requires its optimization in vitro and in vivo . Preliminary studies frequently involve the use of a reporter gene, which allows for the rapid and simple assay of vector function through monitoring expression levels of the reporter gene. However, evaluation of vector efficacy can be compromised by immune responses directed against immunogenic reporter proteins.
Methods
We have cloned a murine secreted alkaline phosphatase (mSEAP), and explored its use as a reporter gene in the context of an early region 1 (E1)‐deleted adenovirus (Ad) vector. Studies involved characterization of gene expression in vitro and in vivo , and immunological responses after gene delivery to mice.
Results
In tissue culture, we show that mSEAP is easily measured quantitatively using a sensitive, commercially available chemiluminescent assay, or visualized directly using histological staining. The level of transgene expression from AdmSEAP was similar to that observed for an Ad vector encoding the human placental secreted alkaline phosphatase (hSEAP). After intravenous administration in mice, AdmSEAP continued to express at high levels for the duration of the experiment (1 month), whereas expression from AdhSEAP declined to background levels over the course of the experiment. Although cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes were not detected against either the murine or human SEAP proteins in mice, antibodies were readily detected against the human protein. No antibodies were detected to mSEAP.
Conclusions
Taken together, these data illustrate that mSEAP is a sensitive, non‐immunogenic reporter gene for preclinical mouse studies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
