1,721,015 research outputs found
Forensic victimology
No full textVictimology, or the study of victims of crime, is a general term that describes any study of victims and their characteristics. In a general sense, victimology includes the results of research into risk factors, as well as restorative justice, that seeks to engage victims in the process of justice. Forensic victimology, on the other hand, refers to the examination of a particular crime victim in order to answer case-specific questions. It is the result of ideographic (single case) study rather than nomothetic (group) study. This chapter discusses forensic victimology after placing it within the general area of study from which it came, then moves on to victim precipitation and risk factors for victimization. A suggested approach to forensic victimology is also included.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Report Writing, Style, and Components
No full textA well-written report is an important tool, but it can be seriously undermined by mistakes of any description, from spelling and grammar to factual errors. As there are few guidelines on how to structure an applied crime analysis, this chapter will provide the reader with an approach based on "what works" from the perspective of the author. This will include the suggested content and layout of the report, and other decisions that need to be made by the analyst. These include the language used and the target audience, the fees charged, and any caveats or disclaimers such as conflicts of interest.</p
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
False Reports
No full textVictimology, or the study of victims of crime, is a general term that describes any study of victims and their characteristics. In a general sense, victimology includes the results of research into risk factors, as well as restorative justice, that seeks to engage victims in the process of justice. Forensic victimology, on the other hand, refers to the examination of a particular crime victim in order to answer case-specific questions. It is the result of ideographic (single case) study rather than nomothetic (group) study. This chapter discusses forensic victimology after placing it within the general area of study from which it came, then moves on to victim precipitation and risk factors for victimization. A suggested approach to forensic victimology is also included.</p
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Case Linkage
No full textCase linkage is the process of determining which specific crimes from a series of potentially related crimes are the work of one offender or offender group (gang). The practice is highly idiosyncratic and relies heavily on the education, training, and experience of the analyst doing the linkage. Whatever the analyst's background, there are essentially two component behaviors that are examined in order to make a determination. The first is modus operandi and refers to those things which the offender did that were necessary for the successful completion of the crime. The second is signature, which refers to those things not necessary for the successful completion of the crime. The first is strictly functional, such as wearing gloves or concealing identity, and the second is related to fantasy, and is stated to be more unique to individual offenders. This chapter will examine the research on case linkage and close with a suggested approach.</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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