1,720,983 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
5HTTLPR polymorphism is associated with nostalgia proneness: the role of neuroticism
No full textNostalgia, a sentimental longing for the past, is a self-relevant and social emotion. Nostalgia proneness is associated with alleviation of distress or instability (e.g., neuroticism). Although nostalgia proneness is heritable, the specific molecular contributors to this heritability are unknown. We focused on a polymorphism in the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) as a possible biological basis of nostalgia proneness, because the serotonin system has been associated with sensitivity to negative experience. Participants (N = 397 adults) who had reported levels of nostalgia proneness were genotyped. A subsample also completed a measure of neuroticism. Participants with the 5-HTTLPR short allele were higher on nostalgia proneness than those without this allele. Neuroticism mediated the relation between 5-HTTLPR and nostalgia proneness. These findings enrich our understanding of the genetic and personality underpinnings of nostalgia
The benefits of investing in others: volunteering and longevity based on analysis of obituary data
Full text linkPsychology Undergraduate Research Colloquium 2012 Second PlacePrevious research suggests giving social support may be a critical component to the health benefits of social relationships (Brown, Nesse, Vinokur, & Smith, 2003). The current study aimed to investigate how giving support to others through participation in service activities relates to longevity, especially when considered with other previously significant social integration factors such as marriage and religious involvement. This study utilized two sets of obituaries coded for activity type as a novel data source. Study 1 consisted of 25 to 30 randomly selected obituaries from each of 50 major cities (n = 1310) coded for volunteer activities, religious involvement, and demographic information such as gender and education. Volunteering, religious involvement, and being female were all associated with longevity. Mention of a volunteer activity remained significant when controlling for the other variables. To explore the role of social integration in these effects, study 2 utilized obituaries (n = 805) from a two-month period in Des Moines, Iowa, which were coded for volunteerism, identical demographic factors, as well as additional social integration measures (marital status and membership in a social group organization). Results of the prior study were replicated. However, inclusion of other social integration variables reduced this effect to non-significance. These findings indicate that the effects of volunteerism on longevity are likely the result of increased social integration instead of separate effects of altruistic goals. Our study suggests using a novel methodological approach that social integration is a crucial variable for health.No embargoAcademic Major: BiologyAcademic Major: Psycholog
The Effects of Acetaminophen on Aggression Using the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm
Full text linkAcetaminophen, the active ingredient in the popular over-the-counter analgesic Tylenol, has recently been found to have effects on psychological responses other than just reducing pain. Prior work in the laboratory has found that acetaminophen increases aggressive behavior on one laboratory measure of aggression, the Competitive Reaction Time task. The goal of this experiment was to further explore these social side effects and determine if the increase in aggressive behavior after taking acetaminophen generalizes to a different laboratory aggression paradigm, the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP). The PSAP is a computer task in which participants engage in a competitive point-earning game with a fictitious opponent. Participants (N = 106) received 1000mg of acetaminophen or placebo and one hour later completed a 10-minute session of the PSAP. There was no effect of acetaminophen on aggressive responding. However, the acetaminophen group had marginally significant reductions in aggressive motivations and emotions. Participants receiving acetaminophen also accurately perceived the number of points subtracted from them by their opponent (i.e. provocations), whereas the placebo group underestimated the number. Thus, the increase in aggressive behavior seen on the CRT does not appear to generalize to the PSAP. The reductions in aggressive emotions and motivations for those in the acetaminophen condition on the PSAP suggest that drug effects may vary by the situation. This work is important in understanding the psychological side effects of a drug that is used by many people on a regular basis.A five-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Psycholog
Effects of Aspirin on Emotional Responses and Emotion Enhanced Memory
Full text linkThe over-the-counter, pain-relieving drugs acetaminophen and ibuprofen have previously been shown to have effects on emotion. Specifically, these drugs cause the blunting of evaluations and reactions to both positive and negative stimuli (Durso, Luttrell, & Way, 2015; Keaveney, Peters, & Way, under review). In order to identify the biochemical mechanism underlying these emotion blunting effects, we proposed to study the effects of the drug Aspirin. These drugs all produce their pain relieving effects by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme. However, there are two different isoforms of the enzyme: cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Acetaminophen primarily inhibits COX-2 while ibuprofen is non-selective. Therefore, it is currently unclear whether emotion blunting effects are specific only to the COX-2 isoform, or if both isoforms contribute. The drug Aspirin is also a COX inhibiting drug; however, Aspirin is COX-1 selective. To test whether emotion blunting effects are primarily influenced by COX-2 inhibition, we tested if a 500mg pain-relieving dose of Aspirin influenced responses to psychological tasks. 135 male participants (mean age: 19.20; 58% White, 22% Asian, 5% African American, 4% Hispanic, 9% Multiracial/Other) were randomly assigned to either Aspirin or placebo groups. After 60 minutes of uptake time, participants completed two tasks designed to measure response to and memory of emotional stimuli, respectively. In the first task, participants rated 60 emotionally evocative images for valence (i.e. evaluations) and 60 emotionally evocative images for arousal (i.e. emotional reaction). After a 5-minute distractor task, participants completed a memory task where they were re-presented with 45 images from the prior task as well as 135 new images, in order to determine if Aspirin blunted the enhanced recognition of emotional images. Participants indicated whether each image had been previously viewed in the original task or was a new image. In contrast to the original hypothesis, Aspirin increased reactions to the negative stimuli and increased overall memory recognition, with the latter effects approaching statistical significance. These results could suggest that COX-1 and COX-2 potentially have opposite roles in emotional responses, with the inhibition of COX-1 causing emotion enhancement (at least towards negative stimuli) and COX-2 inhibition causing emotion blunting.A one-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Neuroscienc
The Effects of Acetaminophen on Self-Control
Full text linkAcetaminophen, one of the most commonly used analgesics, has recently been found to increase impulsivity. For example, acetaminophen increases risk-taking in a lab paradigm that has previously been shown to predict delinquent behavior as well as drug and alcohol use. Acetaminophen has also been shown in lab experiments to be associated with increased aggression. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate acetaminophen’s effects on self-control in a novel situation: impulsive eating. Using a previously validated paradigm, Ohio State undergraduates completed a 2-hour study in which they first rated the healthiness and tastiness of various foods before drug consumption. Then, in a double-blind procedure, participants were randomly assigned to receive either 1000mg of acetaminophen or a placebo, both in liquid vehicle. Approximately 60 minutes after drug consumption, participants made a series of decisions about food preferences. Specifically, participants indicated their preference for each of the foods they had previously rated relative to one food they had rated as neutral in both taste and healthiness. Participants also made a choice between grapes and M&Ms and received the option they chose at the end of the study. In line with previous research on acetaminophen, we hypothesize that acetaminophen will increase impulsivity primarily in dieters, exhibited by an increased preference for tasty but unhealthy foods. Preliminary data analyses revealed that participants who took acetaminophen expressed food preferences that were more strongly related to the healthiness of the food than those who took placebo. Additionally, there was no difference between the drug and placebo groups in the average preference between grapes and M&Ms. Together, these results indicate a possible increase in self-control after taking acetaminophen. Given that 23% of the U.S. population takes acetaminophen each week, it is imperative to fully understand its effects on impulsivity across different domains of self-control.Undergraduate Education Summer Research FellowshipA five-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: NeuroscienceAcademic Major: Psycholog
Moral Relativism, Religion, Darwinism and Unethical Behavior
Full text linkThe current study investigates the psychological mechanisms involved in unethical behavior, and the role moral relativism plays. It is known that when exposed to religious material, cheating behaviors decrease, and when exposed to moral relativistic material, cheating behavior increases. In light of this, two questions proposed are whether or not religion decreases moral relativism and thus leads to a decrease in cheating behavior, as well as if thoughts of evolution or Darwinism induces thoughts of moral relativism, which in turn leads to an increase in unethical behavior. Ultimately, this study looks to answer whether or not moral relativism is a mediator for unethical behavior. This hypothesis was tested using an online questionnaire. Participants (n =250) were randomly assigned to the religious, Darwinism/evolution or control condition, and then completed questionnaires measuring moral relativism and willingness to engage in unethical behaviors. Results showed that age was correlated with willingness to engage in unethical behavior. There was an indication that the Darwinism/evolution condition was associated with increased unethical behavior, while there was no effect for the religion condition. There was no significant mediation effect of cheating behavior via moral relativism. Future research can be done looking at how thinking about evolutionary theory leads one to engage in unethical behavior.No embargoAcademic Major: Psycholog
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