1,721,022 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
IQ as a Predictor and Moderator of Children’s Mental Health Status
Get PDFPaper 2 of the thesis is not available in Munin due to publisher's restrictions: 2. Mathiassen, B., Brøndbo, P. H., Waterloo, K., Martinussen. M., Eriksen, M., Hanssen-Bauer, K., & Kvernmo, S. (2012). IQ as a predictor of cliniciac-rated mental health problems in children and adolescents. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 51, 185-195. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.2011.02023.
Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy: A novel approach to treating depression in primary care patients
Get PDFThe overall aim of this thesis was to explore the effectiveness and acceptability of a Web-based self-help program (MoodGYM) combined with brief face-to-face therapist support for adult primary care patients with mild to moderate depression.
Depression is a highly prevalent disorder causing substantial suffering and impairment. Many depressed patients will receive all their treatment in primary health care. Structured psychological interventions are infrequently delivered in general practice, despite the development of several effective psychological therapies for depression, patients’ preferences for such treatments, and guideline recommendations. Studies indicate that guided internet-based treatments for depression are effective.
A randomised controlled trial compared the guided internet-based intervention comprising MoodGYM and therapist support with a waitlist control group. Participants (n = 106) were primary care patients with mild to moderate depressive symptoms. Results indicated that the intervention was effective in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety and in increasing life satisfaction. Treatment gains were largely maintained at 6-month follow-up. Moderate levels of non-adherence and positive ratings of treatment satisfaction indicated that the intervention was acceptable to patients.
The intervention was introduced to general practitioners (GPs) through a 3-day educational course. Following the course most GPs recommended MoodGYM to their patients. However, follow-ups were not successfully implemented due to time constraints, competing tasks and inadequate module knowledge and practical training.
Taken together these results indicate that the intervention may be effective and acceptable to primary care patients with mild to moderate depressive symptoms. A short educational course for GPs may promote recommendation of the program, but other approaches are needed to implement the full intervention including follow-ups. More comprehensive educational approaches may reach a selected group of GPs. However, multifaceted interventions including patient education, clinician education and organisational changes are necessary to implement such interventions more widely
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Effekter på omsorgskvalitet for personer med demens ved bruk av personsentrert omsorg.
Get PDFNorge kan i løpet av kort tid forvente en eldrebølge. Dette skaper utfordringer for eldreomsorgen, og det blir et område ved helse- og omsorgstjenester det bør settes fokus på. Demens er den hyppigste årsaken til at eldre innlegges i sykehjem. Sammen med behovet for demensomsorg vokser det frem ulike tilnærminger til hva denne omsorgen skal bestå i. En av disse er personsentrert omsorg. Ved personsentrert omsorg rettes det fokus på omsorgskvaliteten, hvor målet er å bevare personverdet til personer med demens. Forskning tyder på at personsentrert omsorg har positive effekter på omsorgskvalitet, både for personer med demens og deres omsorgsgivere. Det eksisterer flere ulike metoder for implementering av personsentrert omsorg. Dette skaper utfordringer for hvilke felles retningslinjer som skal gjelde ved en implementering av denne modellen. To typer intervensjoner har utviklet et godt grunnlag: Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) og VIPS- praksismodell (VPM). På tross av at det eksisterer utfordringer ved implementering av denne modellen, så argumenteres det for at det er en omsorgsmodell det er fullt mulig å innføre. I tillegg til å være kostnadseffektiv med tanke på gevinsten, tilbyr den en evidensbasert tilnærming, og burde anbefales i enhver helsesetting
Dementia Disease Initiation: Identifying subjective cognitive decline (SCD) due to Alzheimer’s disease
Get PDFBackground: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may develop 10-15 years before onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Early intervention may serve to halt or delay disease progression. Thus, there is a need to investigate early cognitive and biological markers to detect and track disease progression. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is an established risk-factor for AD. However, SCD is a common phenomenon in healthy aging, and most cases are benign. Thus, improved methods of identifying and tracking SCD due to AD are needed.
Objectives/aims: This thesis investigates the role of SCD as a preclinical stage of AD and seeks to improve methods of early detection. In paper I, potential recruitment source biases in demographics and cognitive performance between memory-clinic referred and self-referred SCD and MCI cases were investigated. In paper II, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Neurogranin/BACE1 ratio was explored as a biomarker of putatively AD-coupled synapse affection in SCD and MCI cases with amyloid plaques. In paper III, more sensitive and culturally adapted test norms for the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) word list episodic memory test (WLT) was developed.
Methods: Participants were primarily drawn from the Norwegian “Dementia Disease Initiation (DDI)” study comprising 658 baseline and 428 follow-up participants. An additional 59 healthy controls were included from the Norwegian “Trønderbrain” study for the purpose of developing cognitive test norms.
Results and conclusions: In paper I, we found that both the SCD and MCI groups, regardless of recruitment method, showed reduced cognitive performance compared to controls. Differences in cognitive impairment for memory clinic-referrals compared to self-referrals were found only within the MCI group. In this study, a need to establish new test norms for the episodic memory test, CERAD WLT was revealed, which were ultimately developed in paper III. The CSF Neurogranin/BACE1 ratio was increased in SCD and MCI cases with amyloid plaques. Increased ratios were related to reductions in hippocampal and amygdala volumes, corresponding to cognitive impairment at baseline and decline at 2-year follow-up. The Neurogranin/BACE1 ratio holds promise as a preclinical AD marker of synapse loss
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