28 research outputs found
Hydrochemistry and geothermometry of an Albian aquifer from Oued Righ region in northeastern Algerian Sahara
No full textThe quality of surface waters of the dam reservoir Mexa, Northeast of Algeria
No full textIn this work, we have conducted a physicochemical study that assesses the impact of agricultural activities and urban domestic wastewater on the surface water quality of the dam reservoir Mexa in the area of El-Taref, which is located in the eastern coastal basin of Constantine. 36 samplings have been conducted for three years (2010, 2011 and 2012), at the rate of one sampling per month on the dam reservoir water; 36 samples have been analysed. The samples taken have been subjected to an in situ measurement of physicochemical parameters (temperature, hydrogen potential, electric conductivity and dissolved oxygen) and laboratory analysis (anions, cations, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, organic matter, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium). Concentrations of various organic and inorganic pollutants varied from one month to another and from one year to another. From a temporal point of view, the contamination of water of the dam reservoir Mexa varies according to climatic conditions, being generally low during the winter period and high during the low-flow periods. The results obtained reveal that water of the dam reservoir Mexa is fairly contaminated. It is certain that the dam reservoir is subject to pollution of agricultural and urban origin
Cantines et restaurants algériens à Paris et dans le département de la Seine entre 1920 et 1950. Manger sous contrôles
No full textCet article a pour cadre l'histoire politique et sociale du dispositif commercial algérien dans le contexte colonial métropolitain des années 1920 aux années 1950. En s'appuyant sur des travaux historiographiques récents ou peu exploités et des archives de la Préfecture de Police de Paris ou encore de la Seine, l'auteure se focalise plus particulièrement sur la restauration. Elle met en lumière diverses formes de contrôle dont l'émigration algérienne est l'objet de la part tant de la police, des autorités publiques et du patronat, que des commerçants compatriotes et des organisations nationalistes. Restaurants privés, cantines de foyers ou encore cantines d'entreprises sont des lieux concurrents d'encadrement et de contrôle de la masse émigrée. This paper is focused on the political and social history of the Algerian shops in the colonial and metropolitan context of the 1920's till 1950's. Based on recent or rediscovered historiographical surveys as well as uninvestigated archives (Archives de la Seine, Prefecture de Police de Paris), the author scrutinizes especially restaurant trade. She demonstrates how the Algerian immigration is controlled by both public and private bodies (police, public authorities, employers, Algerian shopkeepers and nationalists), which pursue different goals and use different methods. Private restaurants, lunch stalls in hostels or employers' lunch stalls are the rival places to cater to and control Algerian migrants
Cantines et restaurants algériens à Paris et dans le département de la Seine (1920-1950). Manger sous contrôles
No full textNational audienceCet article a pour cadre l'histoire politique et sociale du dispositif commercial algérien dans le contexte colonial métropolitain des années 1920 aux années 1950. En s'appuyant sur des travaux historiographiques récents ou peu exploités et des archives de la Préfecture de Police de Paris ou encore de la Seine, l'auteure se focalise plus particulièrement sur la restauration. Elle met en lumière diverses formes de contrôle dont l'émigration algérienne est l'objet de la part tant de la police, des autorités publiques et du patronat, que des commerçants compatriotes et des organisations nationalistes. Restaurants privés, cantines de foyers ou encore cantines d'entreprises sont des lieux concurrents d'encadrement et de contrôle de la masse émigrée. This paper is focused on the political and social history of the Algerian shops in the colonial and metropolitan context of the 1920's till 1950's. Based on recent or rediscovered historiographical surveys as well as uninvestigated archives (Archives de la Seine, Prefecture de Police de Paris), the author scrutinizes especially restaurant trade. She demonstrates how the Algerian immigration is controlled by both public and private bodies (police, public authorities, employers, Algerian shopkeepers and nationalists), which pursue different goals and use different methods. Private restaurants, lunch stalls in hostels or employers' lunch stalls are the rival places to cater to and control Algerian migrants
Cantines et restaurants algériens à Paris et dans le département de la Seine (1920-1950). Manger sous contrôles
No full textNational audienceCet article a pour cadre l'histoire politique et sociale du dispositif commercial algérien dans le contexte colonial métropolitain des années 1920 aux années 1950. En s'appuyant sur des travaux historiographiques récents ou peu exploités et des archives de la Préfecture de Police de Paris ou encore de la Seine, l'auteure se focalise plus particulièrement sur la restauration. Elle met en lumière diverses formes de contrôle dont l'émigration algérienne est l'objet de la part tant de la police, des autorités publiques et du patronat, que des commerçants compatriotes et des organisations nationalistes. Restaurants privés, cantines de foyers ou encore cantines d'entreprises sont des lieux concurrents d'encadrement et de contrôle de la masse émigrée. This paper is focused on the political and social history of the Algerian shops in the colonial and metropolitan context of the 1920's till 1950's. Based on recent or rediscovered historiographical surveys as well as uninvestigated archives (Archives de la Seine, Prefecture de Police de Paris), the author scrutinizes especially restaurant trade. She demonstrates how the Algerian immigration is controlled by both public and private bodies (police, public authorities, employers, Algerian shopkeepers and nationalists), which pursue different goals and use different methods. Private restaurants, lunch stalls in hostels or employers' lunch stalls are the rival places to cater to and control Algerian migrants
Grid Connected Solar PV System: Modeling, Simulation and Experimental Tests
No full textAbstractIn this paper a solar PV system is modeled, simulated and experimentally tested. Mathematical and electrical models have first been presented. A theoretical background which introduces the topic has been presented. The system's different components have also been described. Then a simulation work of the current voltage (I-V) characteristics and efficiency by using MATLAB/IMULINK has been performed. Finally a PV system installed in the Institute of energy systems and electrical drives at the Technical University of Vienna has been tested. Many disturbances and cases like blackout, load disconnection and islanded system have been investigated. In this mainly experimental work, three test situations have been performed and the corresponding measurements have been recorded. Results that have been obtained showed that the grid connected PV system responds adequately to all the applied disturbances
Pratiques phytosanitaires sous serres plastiques dans les oasis des Ziban (Sud-est Algérien)
No full textInternational audienceDe nos jours, une agriculture intensive voulant répondre aux besoins d’une population croissante est imputable à l'usage de pesticides chimiques de synthèse dont on voudrait cerner les pratiques pour minimiser les risques sanitaires et environnementaux. Ainsi, une enquête visant les pratiques phytosanitaires a été conduite auprès d'agriculteurs au Ziban. Aussi, l'index phytosanitaire algérien de 2007 et 2 bases de données ont été sollicités : PPDB et BPDB. Environ 105 spécialités commerciales ont été rapportées, ces dernières, correspondaient à 60 Substances actives appartenant à environ 28 familles chimiques. Aussi, >1/3 des agriculteurs ne portaient aucun équipement de protection individuelle (EPI). Les restes de cuve et l’eau de rinçage des réservoirs sont déversés à même le sol dans 78% et 95% des cas respectivement. Un référentiel des bonnes pratiques phytosa-nitaires doit être élaboré et adopté par les agriculteurs pour minimiser les risques sanitaires, et le transfert des pesticides vers les matrices environnementales
Analysis of groundwater quality in the lower Soummam Valley, North-East of Algeria
No full textAnalysis of groundwater quality in the alluvial aquifer of the lower Soummam Valley, North-East of Algeria, was realised through the application of multivariate statistical methods: hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) in Q and R modes, factorial correspondence analysis (FCA), and principal component analysis (PCA), to hydrochemical data from 51 groundwater samples, collected from 17 boreholes during periods of June, September 2016 and March 2017. The objectives of this approach are to characterise the water quality and to know the factors which govern its evolution by processes controlling its chemical composition. The Piper diagram shows two hydrochemical facies: calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate. Statistical techniques HCA, PCA, and FCA reveal two groups of waters: the first (EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42- and NO3-) of evaporitic origin linked to the dissolution processes of limestone rocks, leaching of saliferous soils and anthropogenic processes, namely contamination wastewater and agricultural activity, as well marine intrusion; and the second group (Na+, K+, and HCO3-) of carbonated origin influenced by the dissolution of carbonate formations and the exchange of bases. The hermodynamic study has shown that all groundwater is undersaturated with respect to evaporitic minerals. On the other hand, it is supersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals, except for water from boreholes F9, F14, and F16, which possibly comes down to the lack of dissolution and arrival of these minerals. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the utility of multivariate statistical methods in the analysis of groundwater quality
The human health problems of authorized agricultural pesticides: The Algerian case
No full textInternational audienceNational authorized pesticides used in agriculture are one hot spot issue to human health especially for those working in the field. The aim of this study is to evaluate the health problems of authorized pesticides. Risk assessment was evaluated by 1) Toxicological classification of the WHO, and 2) Bio-Pesticides Database (BPDB) and Pesticide Properties Data Base (PPDB). The 2015 Algerian index of phytosanitary products used in agriculture includes 173 active ingredients (IAs) belonging to 83 chemical groups represented by 757 commercial formulations (CF) categorized into: 36% fungicides, 29% insecticides and 22% herbicides. One-third of the AIs are not approved according to EC 91/414 directive. Otherwise, only 3% and 6% of AIs are classified as extremely and highly hazardous respectively. About 47%, 37% and 30% of IAs can cause eye, skin and respiratory tract irritation respectively while approximately 32%, 13%, 10% and 8% of AIs can have/be reproductive and/or developmental effects, neurotoxic effects, cholinesterase inhibitors and endocrine disruptors respectively when only 5% and almost 3% of AIs are carcinogenic and mutagenic, respectively. It is essential to periodically update the list of authorized pesticides at national level in accordance with international legislation and bans. On the other hand, farmers must be aware of the health risks due to each AI to which they are exposed. Also, farmers must wear personal protective equipment (PPE). On the other hand, continuous epidemiological studies aimed primarily at farmers and their families must be carried out and the results of these studies must be accessible to researchers
Pratiques phytosanitaires sous serres plastiques dans les oasis des Ziban (Sud-est Algérien)
No full textInternational audienceDe nos jours, une agriculture intensive voulant répondre aux besoins d’une population croissante est imputable à l'usage de pesticides chimiques de synthèse dont on voudrait cerner les pratiques pour minimiser les risques sanitaires et environnementaux. Ainsi, une enquête visant les pratiques phytosanitaires a été conduite auprès d'agriculteurs au Ziban. Aussi, l'index phytosanitaire algérien de 2007 et 2 bases de données ont été sollicités : PPDB et BPDB. Environ 105 spécialités commerciales ont été rapportées, ces dernières, correspondaient à 60 Substances actives appartenant à environ 28 familles chimiques. Aussi, >1/3 des agriculteurs ne portaient aucun équipement de protection individuelle (EPI). Les restes de cuve et l’eau de rinçage des réservoirs sont déversés à même le sol dans 78% et 95% des cas respectivement. Un référentiel des bonnes pratiques phytosa-nitaires doit être élaboré et adopté par les agriculteurs pour minimiser les risques sanitaires, et le transfert des pesticides vers les matrices environnementales
