1,795 research outputs found
How Might Adam Smith Pay Professors Today?
No full textAdam Smith’s proposal for paying professors was intended to induce increased faculty knowledge. If students have imperfect information about what they learn, and universities can only imperfectly measure the input of faculty time in student learning, publications may be used to measure faculty knowledge. If professors’ ability to publish is positively related to their ability to produce student learning, which universities can imperfectly measure, publications may be necessary to attract more able professors. Since research signals faculty knowledge, schools that do not value publications per se could require higher publication standards and pay higher wages than schools that value only publications.
The social impacts of the heat–health watch/warning system in Phoenix, Arizona: assessing the perceived risk and response of the public
No full textabstract: Here, 201 surveys were distributed in Metropolitan Phoenix to determine the social impacts of the heat warning system, or more specifically, to gauge risk perception and warning response.Corresponding Author:
Adam J. Kalkstein
Arizona State University
[email protected]
Do unique mechanisms underlie the expression of attention problems in anxious and inattentive-impulsive youth?: implications for differential diagnosis and treatment
No full textAccumulating evidence suggests that unique mechanisms may underlie the expression of attention problems in youth Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) and anxiety disorders (e.g., AD/HD-Inattentive Type and Generalized Anxiety Disorder). Kendall (2000) proposed that anxiety may be associated predominantly with emotion-based “distortions” in cognitive processing (e.g., misappraisal of the social/interpersonal environment, attentional bias toward perceived threat/danger), while inattention in AD/HD youth may be linked to more global cognitive “deficiencies” (e.g., selective/sustained attention, inhibitory control; Barkley, 1997). The current study compared performance of anxious (ANX; n=21; 8-17 years), inattentive-impulsive (I-I; n=22, 9-16 years), and typically developing children (NC; n=22; 8-13 years) on neurocognitive tests of both general (Stroop Color-Word Test, SCW; Conners’ Continuous Performance Test, CPT) and emotion-based attentional processes (Emotional Stroop, ES; Faces Dot Probe Task, FDP). As hypothesized, I-I demonstrated poorer sustained attention and inhibitory control, as evidenced by lower CPT commission error raw scores, relative to ANX and NC, and a non-significant trend toward higher CPT omission error T-scores, relative to ANX. In addition, ANX demonstrated superior selective attention, relative to I-I, as indicated by higher SCW raw scores (i.e., more items completed in 45 seconds), higher SCW T-scores, and fewer SCW errors. As predicted, ANX demonstrated greater attentional bias toward threat cues, relative to I-I, as indicated by greater FDP bias scores in response to angry faces. No significant group differences were found in bias scores on happy or sad trials. In addition, ANX showed a trend toward significant “absolute bias” scores (i.e., relative to zero) in response to angry faces alone, suggesting a potential emotion-specific attentional bias toward threat cues in anxious youth; I-I exhibited an “absolute bias” toward sad faces, alone. ES bias scores were not significant and did not distinguish between groups. The findings provide initial evidence for the neuropsychological differentiation of attention problems in anxious (i.e., threat-related attentional bias) and inattentive-impulsive children (i.e., general selective/sustained attention), suggesting the potential utility of cognitive assessment as an aid for differential diagnosis and subsequent treatment of youth anxiety and AD/HD.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-66)by Adam Scott Weissma
African American Biographies
No full textScott Lacy is a contributing author of these encyclopedia entries: Adam Clayton Powell , Charles Rangel , Bill Bojangles Robinson , Dred Scott , Tavis Smiley , Carl Stokes , Billy Strayhorn , Art Tatum , Ivan Van Sertima , David Walker , Fats Waller , JC Watts , Lenny Wilkens , Cassandra Wilson , Flip Wilson , Lester Young , Robert Johnson , Scott Joplin , Wynton Marsalis , Curtis Mayfield , Thelonius Monk , Jelly Roll Morton , Charlie Parker , Ma Rainey , Otis Redding , Horace Silver .https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/sociologyandanthropology-books/1016/thumbnail.jp
Reading Matters of the Poet. Adam Mickiewicz on Walter Scott and George Gordon Byron
No full textThe article is an excerpt from a study presenting the history of poetic
narrative in Poland and a part of a larger whole discussing the early-romantic
reception of Scott and Byron. The problem of influence of both poets on creation
of epyllion in Poland has been presented in the context of views expressed
by. Adam Mickiewicz, concerning the quest ion of mutual correspondence of
literatures of different nations and in particular the literary production of
Scott and Byron; in case of the latter also his private life and political
activity. The position of Mickiewicz as a co-author of the romantic turn has
been appreciated. His role in the process of establishing of a new style in
the Polish romantic literature, as the author of Konrad Wallenrod and translator
of The Giaour, has been considered. Mickiewicz was also a significant
person as a lecturer on Slavonic literatures, an author of studies on poetry
and poets, a keen observer, critic and historian of literature.
The investigated materials allow to state that in the raind of Mickiewicz
the names of Scott and Byron refer to different trends of art. From the beginning
Mickiewicz puts the two poets into opposition to each other, but giving
priority to Byron. According to Mickiewicz the revival of versified epic was an exclusive contribution of Byron, who modifying the pattern deprived of
problems, helped to continue and develop epics. The classicistic epoa was for
Byron and the Polish romantics a negative reference system. Eventually the
alternative poetic narrative exploiting historic themes became th- phase of
collecting experience, leading Mickiewicz and Słowacki to creation of romantic
epos. Mickiewicz's contacts with the English poets ore expressly illustrated
by the direction of development of his romantic epics, during the years when
he was writing his narrative about the Teutonic Knights and his epic about the
year 1812. It also proved that not only in Mickiewicz’s opinion but in his
own production Scott and Byron remained symbols of different ideas and literary
values.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej nauk
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) in human lung microvascular endothelial cells controls oxidative stress, reactive oxygen-mediated cell signaling and inflammatory responses
No full textBackground: Perturbation of endothelial function in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) has been reported, which may be associated with endothelial cell expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Previous reports indicate that CFTR activity upregulates endothelial barrier function, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and NO release, while limiting interleukin-8 (IL-8) release, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in cell culture. In view of reported microvascular dysfunction in people with CF we investigated the role of CFTR expression and activity in the regulation of oxidative stress, cell signaling and inflammation in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) in cell culture.Methods: HLMVECs were cultured in the absence and presence of the CFTR inhibitor GlyH-101 and CFTR siRNA. CFTR expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR, immunocytochemistry (IHC) and western blot, and function by membrane potential assay. IL-8 expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR and ELISA. Nrf2 expression, and NF-κB and AP-1 activation were determined using IHC and western blot. The role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in CFTR signaling was investigated using the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478. Oxidative stress was measured as intracellular ROS and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration. VEGF and SOD-2 were measured in culture supernatants by ELISA.Results: HLMVECs express low levels of CFTR that increase following inhibition of CFTR activity. Inhibition of CFTR, significantly increased intracellular ROS and H2O2 levels over 30 min and significantly decreased Nrf2 expression by 70% while increasing SOD-2 expression over 24 h. CFTR siRNA significantly increased constitutive expression of IL-8 by HLMVECs. CFTR inhibition activated the AP-1 pathway and increased IL-8 expression, without effect on NF-κB activity. Conversely, TNF-α activated the NF-κB pathway and increased IL-8 expression. The effects of TNF-α and GlyH-101 on IL-8 expression were additive and inhibited by AG1478. Inhibition of both CFTR and EGFR in HLMVECs significantly increased VEGF expression. The antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine significantly reduced ROS production and the increase in IL-8 and VEGF expression following CFTR inhibition.Conclusion: Functional endothelial CFTR limits oxidative stress and contributes to the normal anti-inflammatory state of HLMVECs. Therapeutic strategies to restore endothelial CFTR function in CF are warranted.<br/
Understanding Atrocities: Remembering, Representing and Teaching Genocide
No full textUnderstanding Atrocities is a wide-ranging collection of essays bridging scholarly and community-based efforts to understand and respond to the global, transhistorical problem of genocide. The essays in this volume investigate how evolving, contemporary views on mass atrocity frame and complicate the possibilities for the understanding and prevention of genocide. The contributors ask, among other things, what are the limits of the law, of history, of literature, and of education in understanding and representing genocidal violence? What are the challenges we face in teaching and learning about extreme events such as these, and how does the language we use contribute to or impair what can be taught and learned about genocide? Who gets to decide if it's genocide and who its victims are? And how does the demonization of perpetrators of atrocity prevent us from confronting the complicity of others, or of ourselves? Through a multi-focused and multidisciplinary investigation of these questions, Understanding Atrocities demonstrates the vibrancy and breadth of the contemporary state of genocide studies.
With contributions by: Amarnath Amarasingam, Andrew R. Basso, Kristin Burnett, Lori Chambers, Laura Beth Cohen, Travis Hay, Steven Leonard Jacobs, Lorraine Markotic, Sarah Minslow, Donia Mounsef, Adam Muller, Scott W. Murray, Christopher Powell, and Raffi SarkissianCanadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, Awards to Scholarly Publications ProgramLibrary OA Fun
Pakistani Nuclear Program in the context of Scott D. Sagan’s Models of Nuclear Proliferation
No full textThe aim of the paper is to present the Pakistani nuclear program in the context of Scott D. Sagan’s models describing the causes of nuclear weapons proliferation. The typology consists of three models: the security, the domestic policy, and the norms. The author claims that the Pakistani program would be the most adequately present using the security model. The program was a response to both conventional and nuclear threat from India, which has been in permanent conflict with Pakistan
Tagging of Biomedical Articles on CiteULike: A Comparison of User, Author and Professional Indexing
No full textThis paper examines the context of online indexing from the viewpoint of three different groups: users, authors, and professional indexers. User tags, author keywords and descriptors were collected from academic journal articles, which were both indexed in Pubmed and tagged on CiteULike, and analysed. Descriptive statistics, informetric measures, and thesaural term comparison shows that there are important differences in the use of keywords between the three groups in addition to similarities which can be used to enhance support for search and browse. While tags and author keywords were found that matched descriptors exactly, other terms which did not match but provided important expansion to the indexing lexicon were found. These additional terms could be used to enhance support for searching and browsing in article databases as well as to provide invaluable data for entry vocabulary and emergent terminology for regular updates to indexing systems. Additionally, the study suggests that tags support organisation by association to task, projects and subject while making important connections to traditional systems which classify into subject categories
A zooarchaeological investigation into the meat industry established at the Cape of Good Hope by the Dutch East India Company in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
No full textThe Dutch East India Company (VOC) established their settlement at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652 in order to refresh passing trade ships with fresh water, vegetables, and meat in hopes of lessening disease and death during the long voyages around the tip of Africa between Europe and the Far East. The great demand for meat provided an impetus for Dutch-Khoehoe interactions which ultimately drained the Khoekhoe of their wealth, land, and identity. Currently, with the exception of the terrestrial faunal from Oudepost I (Cruz-Uribe and Schrire 1991), historic period faunal analyses at the Cape have been very localized, superficially descriptive, and taphonomically flawed, which has led to very little understanding of the overall colonial meat market and included some implausible interpretations. This thesis takes into account contextual evidence, applies zooarchaeological methodology, and incorporates actualistically-based research into taphonomic traces on bone surfaces and to better reconstruct the originally deposited samples. The investigation of the VOC's meat industry that was emplaced at the Cape is carried out through the investigation of five faunal samples including three sites from the Castle of Good Hope; the Moat, the Granary (F2), and Donkergat (DKG); Elsenburg; and the Dump from Oudespost I. The systemic approach provides information about livestock production, slaughter, and consumption at the Cape with information about large scale slaughter for local markets or trade ship provisioning. This thesis describes the transplanted European husbandry practices as the VOC overcame initial hardships of meeting high meat demands to become the dominant power across the landscape.Ph.D.Includes abstractVitaIncludes bibliographical referencesby Adam R. Heinric
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