1,721,062 research outputs found
Human zonulin, a potential modulator of intestinal tight junctions
No full textIntercellular tight junctions are dynamic structures involved in vectorial transport of water and electrolytes across the intestinal epithelium. Zonula occludens toxin derived from Vibrio cholerae interacts with a specific intestinal epithelial surface receptor, with subsequent activation of a complex intracellular cascade of events that regulate tight junction permeability, We postulated that this toxin may mimic the effect of a functionally and immunologically related endogenous modulator of intestinal tight junctions. Affinity-purified anti-zonula occludens toxin antibodies and the Ussing chamber assay were used to screen for one or more mammalian zonula occludens toxin analogues in both fetal and adult human intestine. A novel protein, zonulin, was identified that induces tight junction disassembly in non-human primate intestinal epithelia mounted in Ussing chambers. Comparison of amino acids in the active zonula occludens toxin fragment and zonulin permitted the identification of the putative receptor binding domain within the N-terminal region of the two proteins. Zonulin likely plays a pivotal role in tight junction regulation during developmental, physiological, and pathological processes, including tissue morphogenesis, movement of fluid, macromolecules and leukocytes between the intestinal lumen and the interstitium, and inflammatory/autoimmune disorders
Purification and preliminary characterization of the zonula occludens toxin receptor from human (CaCo2) and murine (IEC6) intestinal cell lines
No full textIn the present study, we report the preliminary characterization of the epithelial cell receptor for Vibrio cholerae zonula occludens toxin (Zot). Zot receptor was purified by ligand-affinity chromatography. Analysis of affinity-purified preparations by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a protein of ca. 66 kDa. Partial N-terminal sequence obtained from purified murine and human Zot receptor revealed homology between the two proteins and with human alpha -1-chimaerin. Zot protein domain(s) involved in receptor binding were also analyzed by constructing several in frame deletion derivatives of a recombinant fusion Zot protein tagged with maltose binding protein. Our results suggest that Zot binding to its cellular membrane receptor requires a sequence that spans between amino acids 118 and 299. (C) 2001 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. Air rights reserved
Ultra-compact half-mode substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filters with IRCSRR metamaterial on reinforced hydrocarbon polymer ceramic composites
No full textIn this work, metamaterial-enabled ultra-compact evanescent-mode half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) bandpass filters are developed by loading inner-rotary complementary split-ring resonator (IRCSRR) on reinforced hydrocarbon polymer ceramic composites substrate. In the proposed IRCSRR, inner-rotary slots are etched inside the conventional complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) metamaterials to enhance the product of equivalent inductance and capacitance without occupying extra circuit area. Therefore, the proposed HMSIW-IRCSRR filters can obtain more size reduction with the same operation frequency as compared with the conventional CSRR-based ones. Similar as the conventional CSRR case, the evanescent-mode transmission below the dominant cutoff frequency of HMSIW can be produced by the negative permittivity effect of IRCSRR, and a transmission zero (TZ) at the upper stopband can be simultaneously generated by the mutual coupling between HMSIW and IRCSRR. Then, to improve the upper stopband performance, source-load coupling topology is utilized in the two-pole filters, which can produce multiple extra TZs. Meanwhile, multiple microstrip L/T-shaped open stubs are employed to introduce hybrid low-pass effect to further extend the upper stopband much wider. To demonstrate the availability of the aforementioned concepts, a series of HSMIW-IRCSRR filters are experimentally designed, fabricated and verified. Measured results shows that both ultra-compact sizes and excellent frequency-selecting performance are achieved simultaneously, as well as good agreement with simulations, all of which illustrating quite good promises for the practical radio frequency and microwave applications
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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