1,721,531 research outputs found
Wang-Sen
No full text“Wang-Sen” merupakan karya komposisi karawitan yang bertujuan menciptakan komposisi karawitan bentuk baru dengan menggunakan lirik lagu wangsalan dan isen-isen. Ide penciptaannya mengangkat tentang konsep kehidupan sifat dan karakteristik manusia. Konsep tersebut diolah secara musikal dengan menganalogikan sifat-sifat manusia yang digabungan dengan wangsalan dan isen-isen. Judul “Wang-Sen” merupakan sebuah akronim atau penggabungan dua suku kata yaitu dari kata wangsalan dan isen-isen. Wangsalan adalah cakepan atau syair yang digunakan dalam sindenan. Sedangkan isen-isen berarti isi atau isian, yang berfungsi untuk mengisi diantara sindenan srambahan. Komposisi ini terdiri dari empat bagian (kecuali bagian introduksi dan penutup) lagu utama yang merupakan analogi dari kepribadian atau sifat-sifat manusia. Bagian pertama merupakan penggambaran sifat sanguinis (sifat lugu, polos, antusias, ekspresif dan kreatif). Bagian kedua berisi penggambaran sifat melankolis (sifat serius, tekun, berbakat, kreatif, musikal, menghargai keindahan, dan perasa). Bagian lagu ketiga merupakan penggambaran sifat koleris (sifat pemimpin, dinamis, tegas, dan aktif). Bagian empat berisi penggambaran sifat phlegmatis (sifat rendah hati, tidak mudah marah, tenang, dan sabar)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Design of Synthetic Quasi-TEM Transmission-Line-Based CMOS Transceiver for Implementation of FMCW Radar System
No full text本篇論文係研究調頻連續波的雷達系統分析與利用標準0.18微米互補金氧半導體製程(CMOS)，設計在X頻段的調頻連續波收發機。利用所提出的互補式金屬傳輸線(CCS TL)，設計在射頻電路上佔絕大部分面積的被動元件，進而實現單晶片的收發機。此互補式金屬傳輸線的曲折繞線佈局，不但可達到電路的微小化，還能同時在矽基板上維持好的隔離度。首先，會探討調頻連續波系統的概要與它的調變方法。此外，在ADS模擬軟體上，亦建立調頻連續波系統的行為模型，做整個系統模擬。且提出一個應用在調頻連續波系統中的鎖相迴路架構。在這個系統模擬中，會將系統參數的功能與關系特徵化，而能提供給設計者做為系統設計的評估與參考。 次，第三章與第四章會分別提出以互補式金屬傳輸線為基礎的被動元件與主動電路設計。利用互補式金屬傳輸線的曲折繞線佈局，來實現這些在射頻電路上佔絕大部分面積的傳輸線與電感。這些微小化的90度耦合器與180度耦合器，分別只有傳統耦合器面積的5 %與2 %。之後，介紹一個具有調頻的壓控振盪器，這個調變頻寬可達到400 MHz，而能改善雷達系統的距離解析度。最後，利用互補式金屬傳輸線來分別實現主動濾波器的共振器，單刀雙擲開關與放大器的匹配電路，以達到電路的微小化。而且，這個主動濾波器僅需要4.5毫瓦，就能在通帶沒有輸入損耗。 三，第五章提出在矽基板上耦合現象的電磁模型。此電磁模型利用場論分析，而得到此電磁耦合的定量評估，進而設計CMOS的調頻連續波收發機。而在互補式金屬傳輸線實現的晶片上的電磁耦合抑制效能，也能用此模型來驗証。這個模型的模擬值與實驗值所得到的隔離度，誤差只有2.6 dB。 後，利用標準0.18微米互補金氧半導體製程與以互補式金屬傳輸線為基礎的元件與電路，在X頻段設計兩個單晶片的調頻連續波收發器。第一個設計是傳統的調頻連續波收發機，此收發機亦與天線、數位電路做整合。這個系統整合的雷達偵測功能也經由實驗得到驗證。第二個設計是第六章所提出的單脈衝式調頻連續波收發機。這個整合16個電路，具有單脈衝與正交相位功能的收發機，其面積僅有2.6 mm x 3.3 mm。整個收發機的功率消耗為0.35瓦。發射機的輸出功率為1 dBm且有35 dB的二次諧波抑制。再來，在這個微型化的收發機中，發射機與接收機之間的隔離度優於60 dB。而接收機所量測的gain與NF分別為-4.5 dB與11.5 dB。最後，量測的正交相位訊號，僅有0.6 dB的振幅不平衡與7度的相位不平衡。這也是世界第一個利用0.18微米CMOS製程，實現單脈衝式的調頻連續波收發機。This dissertation focuses on the analysis of a frequency-modulation continuous-wave (FMCW) system and the design of X-band FMCW transceiver in a standard 0.18-um CMOS technology. The single-chip transceivers are implemented by the presented complementary-conducting-strip transmission line (CCS TL) to miniaturize passive components which consume most chip area of RF circuits. The meandered CCS TL demonstrates its capability of miniaturization while maintains good isolation on the silicon substrate. Firstly, an overview of FMCW systems and modulation methods are discussed. Moreover, behavior models of the FMCW system are built in AgilentTM ADS simulator for system-level simulations. The proposed PLL-based architecture for FMCW applications is also investigated. The functions and relations among system parameters can be characterized from the simulations which provide designers with the system evaluation. econdly, the CCS TL-based passive components and active circuits are presented in chapter 3 and chapter 4, respectively. The area-consuming TLs and inductors of the RFICs are implemented by the meandered CCS TLs. The miniaturized designs such as the 90° hybrid and the rat-race hybrid demonstrate 95 % and 98 % size reduction compared to the prototype designs, respectively. Moreover, the VCO with frequency-modulation capability is investigated, and the modulation bandwidth is up to 400 MHz which could improve the range resolution in a radar system. Finally, the active BPF, SPDT switch and amplifiers realized by meandered CCS TLs implemented for miniaturization of resonators and matching networks, respectively. The active BPF achieves 0-dB passband loss with 4.5-mW power. hirdly, an electromagnetic (EM) model is proposed for investigating the couplings on the silicon substrate in chapter 5. Such EM model, which invokes the large-scale field analyses, can make a quantitative assessment of the EM couplings and can be applied into the system simulations for designing the CMOS FMCW transceiver. Furthermore, the model is applied to validate the effectiveness of the chip-scale leakage suppression by incorporating the CCS TL. The system simulations, which are performed with the proposed EM model, compared with those of the experimental results, showing a slight difference of 2.6 dB on the prediction of the isolation improvement. inally, two X-band CMOS single-chip transceivers are implemented in a standard 0.18-um CMOS technology, which incorporate the CCS TL-based components and circuits mentioned above. The first transceiver is for conventional FMCW radar applications. This transceiver, antennas and digital circuitry are integrated into a radar sensor. Moreover, the functionality of the radar sensor is verified experimentally. The second transceiver characterized in chapter 6, is developed for monopulse FMCW radar applications. The monopulse and quadrature transceiver integrates 16 building blocks with a chip area of 2.6 mm x 3.3 mm. The total power consumption of the transceiver is 0.35 W. The output power of the transmitter is 1 dBm with a 35-dB 2nd harmonic suppression. Moreover, the on-chip isolations between T/R in this compact transceiver are more than 60 dB. The measured receiver gain and NF are -4.5 dB and 11.5 dB, respectively. Finally, the obtained I/Q signals demonstrate 0.6-dB amplitude imbalance and 7° phase imbalance. This chip is also the first 0.18-μm CMOS transceiver for monopulse FMCW radar applications in the world.Chapter 1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.1 Motivation and Literature Survey --------------------------------------------- 1.2 Focus of This Dissertation ----------------------------------------------------- 3.3 List of Contributions ----------------------------------------------------------- 4.4 Organization of This Dissertation -------------------------------------------- 5hapter 2 Principle and Analysis of FMCW Radar System -------------- 8.1 Doppler Effect and Continuous Wave Radar System ------------------- 8.2 Architectures of FMCW Radar System ------------------------------------ 12.3 Different Modulations of FMCW Radar System -------------------------- 14.3.1 Linear Frequency Modulation --------------------------------------- 14.3.2 Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation ----------------------------------- 15.3.3 Triangular Frequency Modulation ------------------------------------ 17.4 Converted Signals of FMCW Radar System ------------------------------ 20.5 System-Level Simulations of FMCW Radar ------------------------------ 29.5.1 System-Level Simulations ------------------------------------------- 29.5.2 PLL Architecture for FMCW System ------------------------------- 39.6 Summary ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 46hapter 3 Passive Components in 0.18-μm CMOS Technology -------- 47.1 Transmission Lines in CMOS Process -------------------------------------- 48.1.1 Thin-Film Microstrip Line and Coplanar Waveguide ------------ 48.1.2 Complementary-Conducting-Strip Transmission Line ------------ 50.2 On-Chip Inductor, Capacitors and Varactors ------------------------------ 53.2.1 CCS TL-Based Inductors --------------------------------------------- 53.2.2 Metal-Oxide-Metal Capacitors --------------------------------------- 55.2.3 MOS Varactors --------------------------------------------------------- 56.3 Miniaturized Couplers ------------------------------------------------------- 60.3.1 Compact 90o Coupler -------------------------------------------------- 60.3.2 Compact Rat-Race Coupler ------------------------------------------ 64.4 Single-Pole Double-Throw Switch ----------------------------------------- 66.5 Summary ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 69hapter 4 Active Circuits in 0.18-μm CMOS Technology ----------------- 70.1 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator ------------------------------------------------ 71.1.1 CCS TL-Based Voltage-Controlled Oscillator ---------------------- 71.1.2 Experimental Results ------------------------------------------------- 73.2 Buffer Amplifier and Low Noise Amplifier ------------------------------ 76.2.1 Buffer Amplifier -------------------------------------------------------- 76.2.2 Low Noise Amplifier ------------------------------------------------- 83.3 Active Bandpass Filter -------------------------------------------------------- 87.4 Summary ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 91hapter 5 Isolation and Signal Detection of X-Band RF CMOSransceiver for FMCW Radar --------------------------------------- 92.1 Substrate Coupling Suppression of a CMOS FMCW Transceiverncorporating CCS TLs ------------------------------------------------------- 93.1.1 Single-Chip CMOS System Overview ------------------------------ 93.1.2 Leakages in the FMCW Radar System ------------------------------ 94.1.3 Chip-Scale Leakage Suppression ------------------------------------- 96.2 Signal Detection of the X-band CMOS FMCW Radar ----------------- 105.2.1 System Overview ------------------------------------------------------ 105.2.2 Chip on Board ---------------------------------------------------------- 106.2.3 Measurement ----------------------------------------------------------- 108.3 Summary --------------------------------------------------------------------- 112hapter 6 Design of X-Band RF CMOS Transceiver for FMCWonopulse Radar -------------------------------------------------------- 113.1 System Overview ----------------------------------------------------------- 114.1.1 Fabrication Technology ----------------------------------------------- 114.1.2 The Transmitter ------------------------------------------------------- 115.1.3 The Receiver ----------------------------------------------------------- 116.1.4 Implementation of the Transceiver --------------------------------- 121.2 Characterization of the Transceiver --------------------------------------- 125.2.1 Characteristics of the Transmitter ----------------------------------- 125.2.2 Characteristics of the Receiver ------------------------------------- 128.2.3 Characteristics of the Transceiver ----------------------------------- 130.2.4 Measurement of the Closed-loop PLL with FM Modulation ---- 136.3 Summary --------------------------------------------------------------------- 138hapter 7 Conclusions ---------------------------------------------------------------- 139.1 Summary --------------------------------------------------------------------- 139.2 Suggestions for Further Research ----------------------------------------- 140eferences ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 142ublication List --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
Design and Application of Synthetic Quasi-TEM Lines
No full text在本論文中，提出一種新型合成傳輸線。此種二維傳輸線係由介質基板及上、下兩層互補式的金屬圖案所構成，這種合成傳輸線能提供我們所需要的電氣特性。比較此合成傳輸線與傳統微帶線的電氣特性，在不改變上層金屬的寬度下，不論是在理論值或實際量測值上，此合成傳輸線的特徵阻抗比傳統微帶線高出130%，且慢波係數也比物理上的理論值高出17.7%。
利用上述的合成傳輸線設計一個Ka-band的rat-race hybrid，與傳統rat-race hybrid相比，有三大優點 : 1) 這個hybrid有相當好的隔離度 2) 很小的反射損耗 3) 面積小。這個利用二維合成傳輸線排列的hybrid面積，不包括pad的話，只有600 x 460 um2。
最後，提出一個X-band結合交越耦合與利用合成傳輸線型式電感之壓控振盪器，使用0.18微米CMOS製程。此壓控振盪器的面積僅有470 x 510 um2，其10.2GHz在1 MHz位移相位雜訊為 -107 dBc/Hz。In this thesis, a new synthetic quasi-TEM (Transverse Electromagnetic) transmission line (TL) is presented. The proposed synthetic TL consists of a two-dimensional array made of complementary-conducting strips (CCS) unit cell, which permits tuning for desired propagation characteristics of the transmission line under synthesis. Based on the particular case study, both theoretical and measured results agree excellently for the comparative studies for the proposed synthetic TL and the conventional microstrip. The Zc of a synthetic TL is 130% higher than that of a wide microstrip. Furthermore, the extracted slow-wave-factor is 17.7% higher than the physical limit of microstrip.
In addition, a Ka-band CMOS rat-race hybrid using the synthetic quasi- TEM TL is proposed. Comparing with the conventional rat-race hybrid, the synthetic TL-based rat-race hybrid features 1) good isolation, 2) reflection loss, and 3) a compact structure. This hybrid incorporates two-dimensional (2D) meandering CCS TL whose size is only 600 x 460 um2 excluding RF pads.
Finally, an X-band VCO combining cross-coupled pair and CCS-TL based inductors topology is proposed. The circuit is fabricated by 0.18-Table of Contents
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………ii
Chinese Abstract ……………………………………………………………………iii English Abstract……………...……………………………………………….............iv
Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………..v
List of Figures…………….…………………………………………………………..vi
List of Table…………………………………………………………………………...xi
1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation and Literature Survey…………………………………………….1
1.2 Thesis Organization……………………………………………………………2
2 Applications of Various Synthetic Structures
2.1 Applications of Various Synthetic Structures………………………………...3
2.1.1 High-Impedance Electromagnetic Surface (HIS)…………………….....3
2.1.2 Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS)……………….……………………...8
2.1.3 Uniplanar Compact Photonic Bandgap Structure (UC-PBG)…………...10
2.1.4 Photonic Bandgap Structure (PBG)………………………………..……12
3 Synthetic Quasi-TEM Transmission Line: Complementary-Conducting Strip Transmission Line
3.1 Quasi-TEM Transmission Line: Conventional Microstrip Line………….…...14
3.2 Complementary-Conducting Strip Transmission Line (CCS TL)……………..16
3.3 Design of One-Dimensional Synthetic Quasi-TEM Transmission Line and Scale-up Model………………………………………………………..…….…19
3.3.1 Measurements……………………………………………………………20
3.3.2 Summary………………………………………………………………...23
3.4 Thin-Film Microstrip Line and CCS TL………………………………………24
4 A Miniaturized Ka-Band CMOS Rat-Race
4.1 Conventional Rat-Race Hybrid………………………………………………..28
4.2 A Compact Ka-Band CMOS Rat-Race Hybrid Using CCS TLs……………...30
4.2.1 A Compact CCS TL-based Rat-Race Hybrid……………………………31
4.2.2 Measurements……………………………………………………………33
4.2.3 Summary……………………………………………………………...…36
5 An X-band Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
5.1 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator……………………………………………37
5.1.1 Figures of Merit for VCO……………………………………………….37
5.1.2 Cross-Coupled Pair VCO……………………………………………….40
5.1.3 Quality (Q) of LC Tank…………………………………………………43
5.2 An X-band Voltage-Controlled Oscillator Using CCS TLs…………………..46
5.2.1 Noise Comparison of PMOS and NMOS……………………………….46
5.2.2 The CCS TL-based on- chip Inductor and MOS Varactor………………47
5.2.3 The Proposed X-band Voltage-Controlled Oscillator Using CCS TLs.51
5.2.4 Measured Results..………………….…….……………………………..52
6 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………55
References……………………………………………………………………………5
Exploring the power of informal institutions: How does social trust affect corporate's greenwashing strategy
No full textCorporate greenwashing seriously impedes global sustainable development. Despite the discussion on the factors influencing corporate greenwashing strategy, the impact of informal institutions, particularly social trust, remains underexplored. Based on institutional theory and the attention-based view, this study examines the effect of social trust on corporate greenwashing strategy. Additionally, it also explores the mediating roles of managers' environmental attention and firms' green open innovation, as well as the moderating roles of government environmental regulation and market competition. Using a sample of 3,143 heavily polluting companies listed on China's A-share market, the results show that social trust negatively impacts corporate greenwashing strategy. Managers' environmental attention and firms' green open innovation are the chain mediators through which social trust constrains firms' greenwashing strategy. Moreover, government environmental regulation strengthens the effect of social trust on corporate greenwashing, while market competition weakens the effect. The obtained conclusions provide an important guidance for curbing corporate greenwashing strategy and highlight the role of social trust
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