1,720,967 research outputs found
Bamboo: The modern material of the past: Is bamboo a useful, sustainable construction material for the present, or a poor material of the past?
Get PDFThe following research argues why bamboo is the future of design, but also investigates why there are misconceptions concerning bamboo as a material for construction. This was achieved by looking at it in three sections. Firstly by understanding the qualities of bamboo and its construction techniques, this formulating the opinion that advancements in technology have made the material much more suitable for structural purposes. Secondly an investigation of the supply of bamboo and how the markets for the material have evolved has helped justify the material’s place as an economic crop of the future, also relinquishing worries that its image was still tainted. Thirdly a review of bamboo’s roots as a construction material reveals that conquest and colonization are factors to blame for the materials entanglement in the past and the downfall of what was the golden age of the material. However history may be repeating itself but under a new set of conditions, whereby climate change has given bamboo construction an enhanced role in the future of architecture, perhaps pushing it into a second golden age
Cultural Values Change in the Rehabilitation of Historic Schools in Portugal
No full textDespite the importance of the preservation of the historic built environment for the benefit of present and future generations, there is a lack of knowledge of the effects of architectural rehabilitation decisions on the cultural significance of historic buildings. Architectural heritage conservation literature has focused almost exclusively on providing principles and guidelines, describing intervention methodologies, and discussing predicted impacts of design on material values. This thesis argues that a focus on the actual effects is needed if the sociocultural sustainability of historic buildings significance is to be achieved. Supported by an extensive literature review and informed by personal insights from the researcher’s everyday practice, an adapted model of the Theory of Change based on Weiss (1995) was designed, providing a tool to evaluate the effects of rehabilitation on cultural significance [ERECS].
Using a selection of six recently rehabilitated historic secondary schools in Portugal (liceus), this research investigated architectural decisions and their effects on the cultural values of this building typology for education, focusing on three objectives, corresponding to three stages of interventions: understanding the existing cultural significance, identifying the design strategies applied and assessing the short-term effects of design decisions on the cultural values.
Stressing the role of stakeholders in rehabilitation processes, data were collected from the buildings and architectural projects, the decision makers in the conservation process, and the school community.
Although confirming that the evaluation of the effects of architectural decisions on cultural values is a complex task, the findings demonstrate that the historic liceus have historical, architectural and sociocultural values, and whilst strategies did not value social values, material cultural values were generally considered and preserved, contributing to the enhancement of intangible values. The implications of this theory-based and evidence-based research highlight the importance of evaluating actual effects for cultural heritage theory,
architectural conservation practice and heritage management policy.This work was developed with a Doctoral Bursary given by the Foundation for Science and Technology (ref. SFRH/BD/60763/2009), with sponsorship supported by POPH/FSE
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The silenced complexity of architectural design studio tradition : pedagogy, epistemology and the question of power
Get PDFThis work contributes to understanding of the hidden dynamics of the architectural design studio tradition. It develops the thesis that studio pedagogical practices are in a complex way
intertwined with the embedded epistemology and the nature of social relationships in the studio, i.e. with how architectural knowledge is constructed, and how the roles of the teacher and the
learner are constructed in relation to each other. Therefore, to understand the dynamics and consequences of particular studio pedagogical practices, we need to identify the epistemology
that informs those practices, to perceive what is thought to be the relationship between the knower and the known, the nature of reality, the relation of knowledge to wider social and cultural
context, and by whom, for whom and for what purpose particular knowledge is produced. We also need to debate the hidden mechanisms of power relations in the studio, and what is their
role in production of meanings, including/excluding ideas and their holders, setting the guiding objectives, and naturalising hidden constraints.
The framework of this work is mainly the recent debate in critical educational theory, and its criticism of the traditional transmission model of education. These two pedagogical approaches, and the epistemologies that inform them, are compared; the link between pedagogical approach, embedded epistemology and the question of power is established. Within this framework, studio
pedagogy is studied through critical analysis of Schön’s architectural pedagogical text, The Design Studio (1985). Schön’s work is important; it is the most comprehensive existing account
of the studio pedagogical tradition, it explicitly relates studio pedagogical practices to the embedded epistemological assumptions, and brings the concept of ‘reflective practitioner into
the studio pedagogical discussion.
Critical analysis of Schön’s text shows, unlike his overt argument, that to be an architect — a reflective professional practitioner - does not provide adequate understanding and means to be
a reflective studio pedagogue. An analysis also reveals that Schön's studio pedagogical approach represents a commonly prevailing studio tradition, the transmission model of
education, and therefore is informed by the epistemology of positivism.
An alternative studio pedagogical approach is suggested arguing that transformation of the status quo of studio tradition needs a parallel transformation of the epistemological foundation it
implies, and re-evaluation of power relations and social dynamics in the studio
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Research methods : the basics
No full textResearch Methods: The Basics is an accessible, user-friendly introduction to the different aspects of research theory, methods and practice. Structured in two parts, the first covering the nature of knowledge and the reasons for research, and the second the specific methods used to carry out effective research, this book covers: structuring and planning a research project the ethical issues involved in research different types of data and how they are measured collecting and analysing data in order to draw sound conclusions devising a research proposal and writing up the research. Complete with a glossary of key terms and guides to further reading, this book is an essential text for anyone coming to research for the first time, and is widely relevant across the social sciences and humanities
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