165 research outputs found
Equitable Principles from the Perspective of International Law of the Sea
Full text linkThe notion of equitable principles is considered in public international law as a subsidiary source of law. However, it is nevertheless an autonomous concept in the law of the sea, and particularly in the law of maritime delimitations. However, can this notion in international litigation of maritime delimitation be defined both in form and in substance? Thus, can one say precisely in which legal category it is classified, and can its content be defined
21st-century scholarship and Wikipedia
Full text linkWikipedia, the world’s fifth most-used Web site, is a good illustration of the growing credibility of online resources. In his article in Ariadne earlier this year, “Wikipedia: Reflections on Use and Academic Acceptance”, Brian Whalley described the debates around accuracy and review, in the context of geology. He concluded that ‘If Wikipedia is the first port of call, as it already seems to be, for information requirement traffic, then there is a commitment to build on Open Educational Resources (OERs) of various kinds and improve their quality.’ In a similar approach to the Geological Society event that Whalley describes, Sarah Fahmy of JISC worked with Wikimedia and the British Library on a World War One (WWI) Editathon. There is a rich discourse about the way that academics relate to Wikipedia
Appraising the Moderation Indonesian Muslims with Special Reference to Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama
Full text linkIndonesia is the country that has been widely regarded as home to
a moderate brand of Islam compared to the more assertive political
and militant Islamic revivals that have taken place in some of
Middle East countries. However, recent series of terrorist attack
and the emergence of groups that are categorized as extremist and
fundamentalist in Indonesia have given opposite impression. This paper
is aimed at appraising the the moderation of Indonesian Muslim.
The object of this study is two largest Muslim organizations namely
Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama. For this appraisal the
author employs the selectively the criteria of Western scholars as well
as Muslim intellectuals, since there are growing tendency of observers,
intellectual and policy makers to pose certain criteria of moderation
based on their own interests. General survey on those tendencies
suggests that there are at least three categories of moderate definition:
extremist, Western biased and Islamic criteria, each of which contain
acceptable and unacceptable aspects that require further selection. It is
from these acceptable criteria that the author attempts to appraise the
Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi
2 ADDIN, Volume 12, Number 1, February 2018
moderation of Indonesian Muslims through the vision and mission of
mass-organization, especially Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama
as well as their education system. The study arrive on the conclusion
that based on Islamic as well as Western criteria, the majority of
Indonesian Muslims or the mainstream remain moderat
Muslim democrats: moderating Islam, modifying the State
No full textWhat explains the increase in moderate Islamists movements in the Middle East? Why do Islamist movements at times adopt moderate strategies while others do not? What conditions facilitate Islamist ideological moderation? And finally, what effect does the integration of Islamists into the political arena have on the state? The central claim of this study is that the moderation of opposition movements is the outcome of political processes that involve the tension among three variables: political inclusion, internal organization of the movement, and ideological frames. Over time, the interaction of these affects the trajectory of an Islamist movement, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, ultimately leading to sustained ideological change.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Dalia Fikry Fahm
KRITIK HAMID FAHMY ZARKASYI TENTANG HERMENEUTIKA DALAM ISLAMISASI ILMU (PERSPEKTIF ARKEOLOGI PENGETAHUAN MICHEL FOUCAULT)
Full text linkPandangan para pemikir tentang teori Hermeneutika sampai saat ini masih problematis, kritik dan komentar paling keras terhadap Hermeneutika ini muncul dari ranah agama-agama yang harus diakui merupakan ladang paling subur bagi lahirnya “klaim kebenaran”. Di Indonesia, Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi yang dikenal sebagai tokoh Islamisasi Ilmu adalah yang paling kritis dalam menentang Hermeneutika. Mengenai kritik Hamid, dapat kita lihat dalam karyanya seperti buku, jurnal, seminar dan sikap keberatannya terhadap teori ini. Oleh karna itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana arkeologi pengetahuan Hamid?, mulai dari bagaimana pengetahuannya terbentuk, dikembangkan dan didistribusikan. Selain itu, mengapa ia mengkritik penggunaan Hermeneutika dalam Islamisasi Ilmunya?, penelitian ini berupaya menelusuri wacana, relasi dan makna di balik fakta.
Jenis penelitian ini masuk dalam kategori kajian pustaka (literature research), penyajian data riset ini dilakukan secara kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan Arkeologi Pengetahuan dari Michel Foucault. Prosesnya terdiri dari: pengumpulan sumber (heuristik), analisis-kritis, verifikasi dan penulisan. Studi ini merupakan cara untuk mengumpulkan data dari pelbagai karya Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi dan dilengkapi dengan wawancara. Berdasarkan kajian dan analisis, tesis ini memiliki dua kesimpulan. Pertama, Arkeologi Pengetahuan Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi dimulai saat ia menemukan kesamaan Framework berfikirnya ketika berguru dengan Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas dan Alparslan Acikgenc di Internasional Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC). Secara Genealogis, al-Attaslah yang nantinya menjadi rantai-wacana pengetahuan Hamid. Kemudian, mereka menjadikan konsep
Worldview Islam sebagai cara pandang Islam tentang realitas dan kebenaran. Dari wacana Worldview Islam ini, dilanjutkan dengan Islamisasi Ilmu, yang disemaikan Hamid di Gontor sejak 2006 hingga saat ini. Dari wacana Islamisasi Ilmu, Hamid kemudian berpendapat bahwa Hermeneutika tidak sesuai dengan Worldview Islam. Dengan seperangkat alat ‘kekuasaan’ yang dimiliki, Hamid mendistribusikan pengetahuan-nya melalui pengajaran (seperti di kampus dan seminar) dan pelembagaan (seperti UNIDA dan INSISTS) yang Hamid pimpin. Kedua, argumentasi kritik Hamid tentang Hermeneutika diantaranya yaitu, kekhawatiran karna Hermeneutika berasal dari Barat-Kristen yang dapat membahayakan aqidah Islam, Hermeneutika memposisikan al-Qur’an sebagaimana teks-teks lain yang tidak sakral, Hermeneutika memposisikan Allah sebagai ‘the author’, Hermeneutika tidak mengikuti model prosedural dari Tafsir yang ada, Hermeneutika menyamakan setatus Hermes dengan Muhammad sebagai ‘penerima pesan’, para pendukung Hermeneutik adalah mereka yang sudah dihegomoni Worldview Barat (pluralitas pemahaman). Hermeneutika dianggapnya sebagai ‘westernisasi ilmu’ dan ‘tantangan dalam peradaban Islam’. Maka solusi dari masalah ini, menurut Hamid adalah dengan menjadikan Worldview Islam sebagai cara pandang, dan gagasan Islamisasi Ilmu sebagai konsep metodologisnya
The Cybercrime Acts and the Electronic Transaction in International Law
Full text linkCyberthreats “Cybercrime” is a “criminal offence that may be committed on or through a computer system generally connected to a network”. As a result, it is a new type of crime and delinquency that varies from previous forms in that it takes place in a virtual location known as “cyberspace”. In recent years, the democratisation of computer access and the globalisation of networks have both played a role in the growth of cybercrime. In fact, not isolated and the institutions in several States are fully aware of the seriousness of this phenomenon, which goes beyond the borders of each State. If all members of Jordan’s criminal justice system are unaware of sophisticated computer and electronic device technologies, cybercrime will continue to rise. Despite technological developments and the information revolution, some states limits the subject of criminal protection to cash and fails to protect information funds against fraudulent acquisition.International law plays a significant role in combating cybercrime and establishing guidelines for cooperation among nations
The Just War and the Mystry of Self Defense
Full text linkThe theory of the Just War initiated by St. Augustine must absolutely seek peace. To avoid this being the case, two phases are defined: Jus ad Bellum; the Jus in Bello. Thus, self-defense as a just cause is a concept often addressed in international law and its explicit recognition in Article 51 of the United Nations Charter has made it even more present. But, from the adoption of the Charter to today, there are many examples of actions or arguments of states based on self-defense that are more or less in phase with each other. The most recent references to the concept of self-defense have developed in a particularly volatile international context since the attacks of September 11, 2001, and the consequences that ensued. The relationship between the just war and self-defense raises some questions: can the anti-terrorism war, the preventive war and the war against non-state actors be considered part of the principle of self-defense? What are the criteria for Jus ad Bellum and Jus in Bello considered during the Self- defense
Does Responsibility to Protect (R2P) Make Difference to Civilians?: An Analytical and Evaluation Study
Full text linkIn 2001, the International Commission on Intervention and State sovereignty (ICISS) proposed rethinking on sovereignty through the prism of a new concept: the “Responsibility to Protect” (R2P). Several years after, its message has been achieved? This is answer to this question that, in the aftermath of the Arab spring, at the end of an intervention that is controversial in Libya and in the face of the Syrian drama, we decided to make an evaluation, by analyzing this doctrine. From details of methodological of the purpose of this article, the review of the legal framework of the “Responsibility to Protect” (R2P) in international law is based on pre-existing concepts and rules that are sometimes approached such as the international responsibility and criminal responsibility priori conceptualization of the “Responsibility to Protect”, will be the first axis of this study. In the second, axis the responsibility to protect the population rests primarily on the territorial State against war crimes, crimes against humanity, crimes of genocide and ethnic cleansing. It must be stated that the obligation to protect the concerned State, was necessary before the States itself by establishing international legal standards. If the State is not willing to do or unable, the subsidiary protective role is the responsibility of other actors.The reality of major obstacles reduces the effective implementation on the ground of the “Responsibility to Protect”. These obstacles can be linked with the same design of it, just as they may result from external causes that could make inoperative the responsibility to protect in view of the situation, the international community application does not rely on the implementation of the responsibility to protect in some cases that meet, however, all the conditions to act within this framework. In the third axis of this study, it will be also a review of the operational legal framework.The United Nations has adopted several resolutions on the “Responsibility to Protect”, examining not only their support to the doctrine, but also their willingness to authorize the deployment of peacekeeping operations and to adopt resolutions in support of military intervention paragraph. But the Security Council of the United Nations has not always been unanimous about the situations to which the “responsibility to protect” applies. The case of Darfur and the crisis of the Syria, there was something else, they were exemplary cases of the application of the “Responsibility to Protect” inertia, and the different responses by the international community in the face of these crises, will allow us in the Fourth axis of interesting conclusions about the difficulties in the application thereof
From the Establishment of the Court of Justice of the African Union to Malabo Protocol: The Defies to the Regional Judicial Mode of Protection of Human Rights
No full textOptimized Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Integrated into in situ Nasal Gel for Enhancing Brain Delivery of Flibanserin [Retraction]
No full textFahmy UA, Ahmed OAA, Badr-Eldin SM, et al. Int J Nanomedicine. 2020;15:5253-5264.
The Editor and Publisher of International Journal of Nanomedicine are retracting the above published article. An investigation by the Publisher, found overlap in images from Figure 6 of the published article above and the images from Figure 6 of the following published article:
Ahmed OAA, Fahmy UA, Badr-Eldin SM, et al. Application of Nanopharmaceutics for Flibanserin Brain Delivery Augmentation Via the Nasal Route. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(7):1270 (https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10071270).
Specifically, this included:
From the published article above, Figure 6B, plain in situ gel group, and 6D, optimized FLB-NLC in situ gel group, are the same images as Figure 6D, rats treated with optimized FLB-TRF hydrogel (gp4) and 6C, rats treated with raw FLB loaded in hydrogel (gp3), respectively, from Ahmed et al, 2020.
Furthermore, the images in Figure 6 of the published article above are derived from the same image but used to describe different results.
Specifically, this included:
From the published article above, Figure 6A, Control untreated group; 6B, plain in situ gel group; 6C, raw FLB loaded in situ gel group and 6D, optimized FLB-NLC in situ gel group, are all derived from the same image but used to describe different results.
The authors cooperated with the investigation and provided data and associated documents concerning the histopathological experiments from the reported study. However, the Editor and Publisher determined that the evidence provided did not establish sufficient justification for the duplication. Therefore, the Editor and Publisher are retracting the article. The authors have agreed to retract the article and have informed the Publisher that the first author, Usama A Fahmy, takes responsibility for the error which occurred.
We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines.
The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”
- …
