1,721,002 research outputs found
Análise de strs e quantificação de quimerismo misto no pós-transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas : uma ferramenta diagnóstica que permite uma conduta clínica antecipada
Get PDFO transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas (TCTH) é a opção terapêutica curativa para pacientes com síndrome mielodisplásica (SMD); porém é um procedimento que requer um longo e extenso acompanhamento pós-transplante. M.K.G., sexo feminino, 53 anos, com diagnóstico de SMD - IPSS intermediário 2, foi submetida ao TCTH alogênico relacionado em 07/2006. Após 3 meses da realização do TCTH, foi realizada uma análise comparativa de STRs do doador e da receptora e o resultado foi de quimerismo completo, indicando uma completa reconstituição medular. Três anos e dez meses após o TCTH a receptora apresentou bicitopenia no hemograma. Realizou-se uma nova análise de STRs e constatou-se quimerismo misto (52,62%), indicando a recaída da doença. Com base neste resultado, foi programada uma infusão de linfócitos do doador (DLI) com o objetivo de fazer uma GVL (graft versus leukemia). Esta DLI induziu quimerismo completo. A paciente foi monitorada através de sucessivas análises de STRs (5 no total) e em 07/2010 verificou-se quimerismo misto (64,25%). Baseado nestes resultados realizou-se uma nova DLI, a qual não foi capaz de erradicar a doença. Embora as DLIs não tenham resultado em respostas duráveis, estas foram capazes de induzir remissão completa, com baixo risco de mortalidade associado, em períodos críticos no pós transplante. Atualmente a paciente encontra-se clinicamente estável e está sendo avaliada para novas decisões terapêuticas. Através deste relato concluímos que a detecção precoce do quimerismo misto quantitativo é uma importante ferramenta diagnóstica para conduzir intervenções terapêuticas no pós-transplante. A avaliação temporal do estado quimera no pós-transplante permite realizar intervenções clínicas precoces que podem ser decisivas para o sucesso do tratamento.Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the curative option for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS); however it is a procedure that requires a long post-transplantation follow-up. M.K.G., female, 53 years old, with diagnosis of MDS – IPSS intermediate 2, underwent related allogeneic HSCT in 07/2006. Three months after transplantation a short tandem repeats (STR) comparative analysis between donor and recipient result in full chimerism. This result indicates a complete healthy medullar reconstitution. Three years and ten months after HSCT, patient showed bicytopenia on hemogram. A new STR analysis was carried out and showed mixed chimerism (52,62%), indicating relapsed disease. Based on this last result, a donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) was administered. The purpose of DLI is inducing a graft-versus-leukemia effect and, in fact, this DLI induced full chimerism. Successive analyses of STRs were done on follow-up post-transplantation (five at all) and in 07/2010 a STR analysis showed a new mixed chimerism (64,25%). Based on these results, a new DLI was done; but this one couldn’t eradicate the disease. Although all DLIs didn’t result in durable responses, they were able to induce complete remission in critical periods and with low-risk of mortality associated. At present, the patient is clinically stable and new therapeutic decisions will be evaluated. We conclude that early detection of quantitative mixed chimerism is an important diagnostic tool that guides therapeutic decisions on post transplantation and these decisions could be decisive for a successful transplantation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Bases moleculares das hemoglobinas variantes e talassemias no Rio Grande do Sul
Get PDFHemoglobinopatias são alterações nos genes das globinas que determinam hemoglobinas variantes e/ou talassemias, com manifestações clínicas variáveis em seus portadores. Estudos realizados no Brasil mostram alta prevalência de heterozigotos para Hb S e Hb C, além das talassemias α e β. Considerando-se essa alta frequência populacional e a constituição étnica do sul do país, este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as bases moleculares das hemoglobinas variantes e talassemias no Rio Grande do Sul. Fizeram parte deste estudo amostras de sangue de recém-nascidos triados pelo Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal (PNTN), pacientes encaminhados por médicos e serviços de saúde do Estado para investigação de anemia microcítica a esclarecer, pacientes com anemia falciforme e controles afro e eurodescendentes. A identificação e quantificação das frações hemoglobínicas foram realizadas por focalização isoelétrica (FIE) e/ou cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). As principais deleções responsáveis pela talassemia α e os haplótipos do gene β da globina foram determinados por técnicas de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Quando necessário, foram realizados sequenciamentos dos genes α e β da globina. Dentre as 437.787 amostras de recém-nascidos analisadas, 6.391 (1,46%) apresentaram padrão hemoglobínico alterado: 5.236 FAS, 837 FAC, 199 FAD, 33 FS, 7 FSC, 1 FSD, 7 FS/talassemia β. A incidência das síndromes falciformes foi 1:9.100 nascimentos. Além desses, foram identificados 71 heterozigotos para variantes raras, nos quais foram observadas 26 variantes de cadeia a (3 Hb Woodville, 1 Hb Chad, 2 Hb Hasharon, 4 Hb G-Phil, 4 Hb G-Pest e 12 Hb Stanleyville) e 21 de cadeia b (11 Hb ESakatoon, 1 Hb Osu-Christianborg, 1 Hb Richmond, 2 Hb O-Arab, 1 Hb D Los Angeles, 1 Hb J-Guantanamo, 1 Hb Shelby, 1 Hb Beckman, e 2 Hb Hope). Dentre essas hemoglobinas, 70% estão sendo identificadas pela primeira vez no Brasil, incluindo os 11 casos de Hb E-Saskatoon. A fim de esclarecer esse achado, foram investigados os perfis eletroforéticos e cromatográficos, além da origem genética dos indivíduos portadores dessa hemoglobina através de um estudo de miscigenação e da determinação dos haplótipos do gene de cadeia β. O padrão de migração da FIE foi semelhante ao da Hb E (PI entre 7,59 e 7,65) e o tempo de eluição na HPLC foi na janela da Hb S (4,26- 4,38 min). O estudo de miscigenação mostrou uma alta taxa de contribuição européia (>80%) nesses indivíduos. O haplótipo 2 (+----) foi identificado em todos os portadores de Hb E-Saskatoon. Estes dados sugerem uma origem para esta hemoglobina, diferente da descrita na Turquia, na qual o haplótipo 6 (-++-+) foi observado. Especula-se que esta hemoglobina tenha sido introduzida no Rio Grande do Sul através dos colonizadores da Península Ibérica, uma vez que ela já foi descrita em espanhóis. Do ponto de vista laboratorial, acredita-se que a Hb E-Saskatoon esteja sendo erroneamente diagnosticada, uma vez que a maioria dos laboratórios de triagem neonatal no país aplica apenas uma metodologia (FIE ou HPLC). Em uma população heterogênea do ponto de vista genético, como é a brasileira, sugere-se o uso de ambas as metodologias, além de técnicas de biologia molecular, para a confirmação das hemoglobinas variantes raras. A talassemia a foi investigada em 493 indivíduos não relacionados (202 e 191 controles euro e afrodescendentes, respectivamente) e 101 pacientes com anemia microcítica a esclarecer, com perfil hemoglobínico normal. Apenas a deleção -α3,7 foi observada, com freqüências alélicas de 0,02 e 0,12 entre euro e afrodescendentes e 0,20 em pacientes com anemia a esclarecer. Esses resultados sugerem que a talassemia a, representada pela deleção -α3,7 é uma causa importante de microcitose nas anemias no Sul do Brasil, independente do grupo étnico (p=0,001). Com relação aos haplótipos do gene HBB*S, o haplótipo Bantu foi o mais frequente (67.3%; IC 95%: 60.9 – 73.2), seguido dos haplótipos Benin (25.0%; IC 95%: 19.6- 31.0), Camarões (0.9%; IC 95%: 0.2 – 3.0) e Senegal (0.5%; IC 95%: 0.0- 2.2). O haplótipo Saudi não foi encontrado na amostra. Além desses, 14 cromossomos foram classificados como atípicos. A talassemia alfa foi investigada, sendo que a deleção -α3,7 (única observada) apresentou uma frequência alélica de 0,14. Esses dados mostram não haver aumento dessa deleção em indivíduos homozigotos para Hb S, uma vez que não diferem da frequência encontrada em indivíduos sadios de mesmo grupo étnico (0,12). Com relação aos haplótipos, os dados estão de acordo com os observados nas demais regiões do país, nas quais o haplótipo Bantu é o mais frequente.Hemoglobinopathies are genetic globin gene disorders, characterized by the presence of a variant hemoglobin and/or thalassemia that show a wide range of clinical manifestations. Studies performed in Brazil show high prevalence of Hb S and Hb C heterozygotes as well as α and β thalassemias. Considering the population prevalence and the ethnic constitution of the South Brazilian region, this study aimed to determine the molecular basis of the variant hemoglobins and thalassemia in Rio Grande do Sul. The analyses included blood samples from neonates selected by the Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal (PNTN), patients under investigation of microcytic anemia, sickle cell anemia patients and control groups of African and European descent. The identification and quantification of hemoglobin were performed using isoeletric focusing (IEF) and/or cation exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The most common deletions resulting in a thalassemia and the haplotypes for β globin gene were determined by PCR based methods. When necessary, sequencing was performed for α and β globin genes. Among the 437,787 neonates samples analyzed, 6,391 (1.46%) presented an abnormal hemoglobin pattern: 5,236 FAS, 837 FAC, 199 FAD, 33 FS, 7 FSC, 1 FSD, 7 FS/β thalassemia. Incidence of sickle cell disease was 1:9,100 births. Furthermore, 71 individuals heterozygous for rare variants were observed: 26 α chain variants (3 Hb Woodville, 1 Hb Chad, 2 Hb Hasharon, 4 Hb G-Phil, 4 Hb G-Pest, and 12 Hb Stanleyville) and 21 β chain variants (11 Hb E-Sakatoon, 1 Hb Osu-Christianborg, 1 Hb Richmond, 2 Hb O-Arab, 1 Hb D Los Angeles, 1 Hb J-Guantanamo, 1 Hb Shelby, 1 Hb Beckman, and 2 Hb Hope). Seventy per cent of these rare hemoglobins were identified for the first time in Brazil, including 11 individuals heterozygous for Hb E-Saskatoon. In order to further analyze this data, electrophoretic and chromatographic profiles were investigated, as well as the genetic origin of the carriers of this hemoglobin, through an admixture study and b-globin haplotype determination. The FIE migration pattern was similar to Hb E (PI between 7.59 and 7.65) and the elution pattern in HPLC was in the Hb S window (4.26-4.38 min). The admixture study indicated a high European contribution (>80%) in these individuals. Haplotype 2 (+----) was identified in all Hb ESaskatoon carriers. These data suggest a origin for this hemoglobin, distinct from that described in Turkey, where haplotype 6 (-++-+) was observed. It can be speculated that this hemoglobin was brought to Rio Grande do Sul by immigrants from Iberian Peninsula, since it has been described in Spaniards. We believe that Hb E-Saskatoon has been erroneously diagnosed, because most neonatal laboratories use only one methodology (FIE or HPLC). In a genetic heterogeneous population, as Brazilians, we suggest the use of both methodologies, together with molecular techniques to a precise identification of hemoglobin variants. α thalassemia was investigated in 493 unrelated individuals (202 and 191 European and African descendants, respectively) and in 101 patients with microcytic anemia with normal Hb profile. Only -α3.7 deletion was observed, presenting allelic frequencies of 0.02 and 0.12, respectively, in European and African descendants and of 0.20 in patients with microcytic anemia. These results suggest that a thalassemia, represented here by -α3.7 deletion, is an important cause for microcytosis in South Brazil, independently of ethnic origin (p=0.001). With regard to HBB*S haplotypes, Bantu haplotype was the most frequent (67.3%; CI 95%: 60.9 – 73.2), followed by Benin (25.0%; CI 95%: 19.6- 31.0), Camaroon (0.9%; CI 95%: 0.2 – 3.0) and Senegal haplotypes (0.5%; CI 95%: 0.0- 2.2). The Saudi haplotype was not observed in this sample. Fourteen chromosomes classified as atypical were observed. a thalassemia was also investigated and the -α3,7 deletion was the only a-thalassemia determinant observed. The frequency of this allele was estimated as 0.14. These data indicate that the frequency of this deletion in homozygous Hb S individuals is not different from that observed in the control group with the same ethnic origin (0.12). The data concur with previously published data from Brazilian regions. The Bantu haplotype is the most common in all Brazilian regions
Identificação da talassemia-alfa e outras hemoglobinopatias no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre
Get PDFResumo não disponíve
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
