1,721,014 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Etička razmatranja u vezi s objavljivanjem fotografija pacijenata koje se mogu identificirati u akademskim časopisima
No full textAims: The overall goal of this thesis was to explore the problem of consent for publication of
clinical images, particularly identifying photographs of the face. The specific aims were 1) to
assess journal policies on actual practices of publishing patient photographs and reporting on
the obtaining of consent for publication; and 2) to explore the opinions of different stakeholders
(patients, students, doctors) about the types of consent needed for publishing patient
photographs, particularly in the digital form.
Methods: The analysis of policies and practices was performed in a cross-sectional study. The
opinions of doctors, patients and students were explored using two methodological approaches:
1) a cross-sectional questionnaire study including doctors and students of medicine and dental
medicine at the Universities of Split and Zagreb, and patients attending dental and medical
hospital and outpatient services in Split, and 2) a qualitative focus group study involving
patients and doctors and students of medicine and dental medicine at the University of Split.
Results: Current publishing practices in high-quality academic journals were not consistent
and lacked a statement of obtained written informed consent for the publication of patient
identifiable photographs. Only 52% of Dentistry and ORL journals included guidance about
publishing clinical images of patients in their instructions to authors. From the total articles
sample containing identifiable patient photographs, only 16% of articles (13/79) declared a
statement regarding the obtained written consent for the publication. Relevant stakeholders'
opinions, about the need for written consent in regards to the publishing of patient identifiable
photographs, were not in line with current ethical guidelines. In the survey study, patients were
most lenient regarding the need for obtaining written informed consent, followed by students
and doctors. Only 33% of patients considered that written informed consent is required for the
publication of the photograph of the face without any de-identification, mostly considering oral
permission sufficient. Furthermore, doctors and students were more stringent requiring written
informed consent for such publication (88-89%) but also more than half of the doctors (58%)
considered that they are not obliged to provide the manuscript containing patient’s identifiable
photographs that is going to be published. The focus group study explained these findings were
due to the paternalistic patient-doctor relationship as a predominant model in the Croatian
healthcare setting. Doctors considered that they were not obliged to ask patents to use their photographs. Patients and students considered health professionals in the Croatian healthcare
system have a dominant role in the patient-doctor relationship and that patients were not
informed properly in most situations.
Conclusion: Current policies and practices of journals publishing research related to the face
and neck region, in regard to obtaining and reporting of patients’ consent for publishing
identifiable patient photographs are not harmonized with best practices. The opinions of
stakeholders in the publication of patient photographs in academic journals (patients, students,
doctors) do not have a sufficient level awareness of the processes and requirements for
obtaining informed consent for publishing patient’s photographs, especially in the environment
of open access publishing. There is a need for measures at different levels (information,
education, professional policy-making) to implement adequate protocols for the protection of
patient’s rights regarding publication of their photographs in academic journals.Ciljevi: Cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio je istražiti problem objavljivanja kliničkih slika u
znanstvenim časopisima, osobito fotografija lica koje otkrivaju identitet pacijenata. Posebno
smo istražili: 1) upute časopisa za objavljivanje kliničkih fotografija pacijenata s naglaskom na
upute o uzimanju pacijentovog informiranog pristanka za objavu fotografija i aktualne prakse
da se u objavljenim člancima koji sadrže takve fotografije deklarira pacijentov pristanak, 2)
mišljenja različitih dionika (pacijenata, studenata i doktora) o vrsti informiranog pristanka koji
bi bio potreban za objavljivanje fotografija pacijenata, osobito u digitalnom formatu.
Metode: Upute časopisa i prakse publiciranja kliničkih fotografija analizirane su u presječnom
istraživanju. Koristeći dva metodološka pristupa, istražena su mišljenja pacijenata, studenata i
doktora: 1) presječno istraživanje temeljeno na upitniku uključilo je pacijente koji su se liječili
u Stomatološkoj poliklinici Split i Kliničkom bolničkom centru Split, liječnike, studente
medicine i dentalne medicine Sveučilišta u Splitu i Zagrebu te 2) kvalitativno istraživanje u
fokus grupama koje je uključilo pacijente, doktore i studente medicine i dentalne medicine
Sveučilišta u Splitu.
Rezultati: Trenutna praksa publiciranja u visoko kvalitetnim časopisima nije usklađena i
objavljeni članci ne sadrže uvijek izjavu o dobivenom pacijentovom pristanku za objavu
identificirajućih kliničkih fotografija. Samo 52% dentalnih i ORL časopisa imalo je jasna
pravila za objavljivanje kliničkih fotografija u uputama za autore časopisa. Od ukupnog uzorka
članaka koji su sadržavali identificirajuće pacijentove fotografije samo 16% članaka (13/79)
imalo je deklariranu izjavu o dobivenom pacijentovom pristanku za objavu. Mišljenje
relevantnih dionika o važnosti pisanog informiranog pristanka za objavljivanje identificirajućih
fotografija nije bilo u skladu s trenutnim etičkim uputama. U presječnom istraživanju u kojem
smo koristili upitnik, pacijenti su se pokazali najpopustljivijima obzirom na uzimanje pisanog
informiranog pristanka. Samo je 33% pacijenata smatralo da je pisani informirani pristanak
potreban za objavljivanje fotografija lica bez korištenja tehnika de-identifikacije. Nadalje,
doktori i studenti su bili stroži u traženju pisanog informiranog pristanka za objavljivanje
fotografija lica (88-89%), ali više od polovice doktora (58%) smatralo je da nisu obavezni
pokazati članak pacijentima koji sadrži njihove identificirajuće fotografije prije objavljivanja.
Kvalitativno istraživanje u fokus grupama objasnilo je ove nalze paternalističkim modelom odnosa između pacijenata i doktora u hrvatskom zdravstvenom sustavu. Doktori su smatrali da
nisu obvezni pitati pacijente ako žele koristiti njihove fotografije. Pacijenti i studenti su iznijeli
mišljenje da u hrvatskom zdravstvenom sustavu doktori još uvijek imaju dominantnu ulogu u
odnosu na pacijente i da pacijenti nisu dobro informirani u svim situacijama.
Zaključak: Trenutna pravila i praksa objavljivanja kliničkih fotografija područja glave i vrata
vezano za uzimanje pisanog pacijentovog pristanka nisu usklađena s najboljim etičkim
standardima. Mišljenje dionika (pacijenata, studenata i doktora) o objavljivanju fotografija
pacijenata u znanstvenim časopisima pokazuje nedovoljan nivo svjesnosti o važnosti pisanog
informiranog pristanka, posebno ako se članak objavljuje u časopisima s otvorenim pristupom.
Potrebne su mjere na više različitih razina (informiranje, edukacija, donošenje novih pravila)
za implementirati adekvatne protokole koji bi štitili pravo pacijenata na privatnost kod objave
njihovih fotografija u znanstvenim časopisima
What Do Journal Editors Do When They Suspect Research Misconduct?
No full textSeveral published guidelines urge journal editors to ensure that cases of suspected scientific misconduct are properly investigated. Using cases submitted to the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) I tried to discover what editors actually do when faced with such cases. Of the 79 cases referred to COPE between 1998 and 2003 relating to author misconduct, 33 related to redundant publication, 16 to unethical research, 13 to fabrication, 10 to clinical misconduct and 7 to plagiarism. Outcomes were reported in 49 cases. Authors were exonerated in 16 cases and reprimanded in another 17. An impasse (no or an unsatisfactory response) was reached in 16. Editors contacted the authors' institutions in 24 cases. Nearly half the cases (36) lasted over a year. This small survey highlights the difficulties faced by editors in pursuing cases of suspected misconduct and the need for better training and guidance for editors and more cooperation from institutions
Etička razmatranja u vezi s objavljivanjem fotografija pacijenata koje se mogu identificirati u akademskim časopisima
No full textAims: The overall goal of this thesis was to explore the problem of consent for publication of
clinical images, particularly identifying photographs of the face. The specific aims were 1) to
assess journal policies on actual practices of publishing patient photographs and reporting on
the obtaining of consent for publication; and 2) to explore the opinions of different stakeholders
(patients, students, doctors) about the types of consent needed for publishing patient
photographs, particularly in the digital form.
Methods: The analysis of policies and practices was performed in a cross-sectional study. The
opinions of doctors, patients and students were explored using two methodological approaches:
1) a cross-sectional questionnaire study including doctors and students of medicine and dental
medicine at the Universities of Split and Zagreb, and patients attending dental and medical
hospital and outpatient services in Split, and 2) a qualitative focus group study involving
patients and doctors and students of medicine and dental medicine at the University of Split.
Results: Current publishing practices in high-quality academic journals were not consistent
and lacked a statement of obtained written informed consent for the publication of patient
identifiable photographs. Only 52% of Dentistry and ORL journals included guidance about
publishing clinical images of patients in their instructions to authors. From the total articles
sample containing identifiable patient photographs, only 16% of articles (13/79) declared a
statement regarding the obtained written consent for the publication. Relevant stakeholders'
opinions, about the need for written consent in regards to the publishing of patient identifiable
photographs, were not in line with current ethical guidelines. In the survey study, patients were
most lenient regarding the need for obtaining written informed consent, followed by students
and doctors. Only 33% of patients considered that written informed consent is required for the
publication of the photograph of the face without any de-identification, mostly considering oral
permission sufficient. Furthermore, doctors and students were more stringent requiring written
informed consent for such publication (88-89%) but also more than half of the doctors (58%)
considered that they are not obliged to provide the manuscript containing patient’s identifiable
photographs that is going to be published. The focus group study explained these findings were
due to the paternalistic patient-doctor relationship as a predominant model in the Croatian
healthcare setting. Doctors considered that they were not obliged to ask patents to use their photographs. Patients and students considered health professionals in the Croatian healthcare
system have a dominant role in the patient-doctor relationship and that patients were not
informed properly in most situations.
Conclusion: Current policies and practices of journals publishing research related to the face
and neck region, in regard to obtaining and reporting of patients’ consent for publishing
identifiable patient photographs are not harmonized with best practices. The opinions of
stakeholders in the publication of patient photographs in academic journals (patients, students,
doctors) do not have a sufficient level awareness of the processes and requirements for
obtaining informed consent for publishing patient’s photographs, especially in the environment
of open access publishing. There is a need for measures at different levels (information,
education, professional policy-making) to implement adequate protocols for the protection of
patient’s rights regarding publication of their photographs in academic journals.Ciljevi: Cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio je istražiti problem objavljivanja kliničkih slika u
znanstvenim časopisima, osobito fotografija lica koje otkrivaju identitet pacijenata. Posebno
smo istražili: 1) upute časopisa za objavljivanje kliničkih fotografija pacijenata s naglaskom na
upute o uzimanju pacijentovog informiranog pristanka za objavu fotografija i aktualne prakse
da se u objavljenim člancima koji sadrže takve fotografije deklarira pacijentov pristanak, 2)
mišljenja različitih dionika (pacijenata, studenata i doktora) o vrsti informiranog pristanka koji
bi bio potreban za objavljivanje fotografija pacijenata, osobito u digitalnom formatu.
Metode: Upute časopisa i prakse publiciranja kliničkih fotografija analizirane su u presječnom
istraživanju. Koristeći dva metodološka pristupa, istražena su mišljenja pacijenata, studenata i
doktora: 1) presječno istraživanje temeljeno na upitniku uključilo je pacijente koji su se liječili
u Stomatološkoj poliklinici Split i Kliničkom bolničkom centru Split, liječnike, studente
medicine i dentalne medicine Sveučilišta u Splitu i Zagrebu te 2) kvalitativno istraživanje u
fokus grupama koje je uključilo pacijente, doktore i studente medicine i dentalne medicine
Sveučilišta u Splitu.
Rezultati: Trenutna praksa publiciranja u visoko kvalitetnim časopisima nije usklađena i
objavljeni članci ne sadrže uvijek izjavu o dobivenom pacijentovom pristanku za objavu
identificirajućih kliničkih fotografija. Samo 52% dentalnih i ORL časopisa imalo je jasna
pravila za objavljivanje kliničkih fotografija u uputama za autore časopisa. Od ukupnog uzorka
članaka koji su sadržavali identificirajuće pacijentove fotografije samo 16% članaka (13/79)
imalo je deklariranu izjavu o dobivenom pacijentovom pristanku za objavu. Mišljenje
relevantnih dionika o važnosti pisanog informiranog pristanka za objavljivanje identificirajućih
fotografija nije bilo u skladu s trenutnim etičkim uputama. U presječnom istraživanju u kojem
smo koristili upitnik, pacijenti su se pokazali najpopustljivijima obzirom na uzimanje pisanog
informiranog pristanka. Samo je 33% pacijenata smatralo da je pisani informirani pristanak
potreban za objavljivanje fotografija lica bez korištenja tehnika de-identifikacije. Nadalje,
doktori i studenti su bili stroži u traženju pisanog informiranog pristanka za objavljivanje
fotografija lica (88-89%), ali više od polovice doktora (58%) smatralo je da nisu obavezni
pokazati članak pacijentima koji sadrži njihove identificirajuće fotografije prije objavljivanja.
Kvalitativno istraživanje u fokus grupama objasnilo je ove nalze paternalističkim modelom odnosa između pacijenata i doktora u hrvatskom zdravstvenom sustavu. Doktori su smatrali da
nisu obvezni pitati pacijente ako žele koristiti njihove fotografije. Pacijenti i studenti su iznijeli
mišljenje da u hrvatskom zdravstvenom sustavu doktori još uvijek imaju dominantnu ulogu u
odnosu na pacijente i da pacijenti nisu dobro informirani u svim situacijama.
Zaključak: Trenutna pravila i praksa objavljivanja kliničkih fotografija područja glave i vrata
vezano za uzimanje pisanog pacijentovog pristanka nisu usklađena s najboljim etičkim
standardima. Mišljenje dionika (pacijenata, studenata i doktora) o objavljivanju fotografija
pacijenata u znanstvenim časopisima pokazuje nedovoljan nivo svjesnosti o važnosti pisanog
informiranog pristanka, posebno ako se članak objavljuje u časopisima s otvorenim pristupom.
Potrebne su mjere na više različitih razina (informiranje, edukacija, donošenje novih pravila)
za implementirati adekvatne protokole koji bi štitili pravo pacijenata na privatnost kod objave
njihovih fotografija u znanstvenim časopisima
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