1,720,959 research outputs found
Searching for the Values in the Scientific and Technical Civilization
No full textЗападная цивилизация находится в аксиологическом кризисе. Он выражается в том, что гуманитарным ценностями придается второстепенное значение, а главное место занимают поведенческие реакции и технический прогресс. Социальное неравенство не вызывает протестной реакции, а «ма-териальные ценности» принимаются. Автор утверждает, что на перифериях кризиса формулируется «новая духовность». Ее сторонники исповедуют недогматичные, холистические и экологические позиции. Это движение дает надежды на преодоление опасности аксиологического кризиса и образования культуры, которая обращается к так называемым высшим ценностям.The western civilization experiences axiological crisis. It is expressed in the marginalization of humanistic values, in emphasizing behavioral attitudes and dominance of engineering thought. Growing social inequalities are not expressed in the rebellion, but in the acceptance of “the material values”. The author also argues that on the periphery of the crisis “a new spirituality” is formed. Its supporters prefer anti-dogmatic, holistic and ecological attitudes. This trend creates hope to overcome the dangers of the axiological crisis and formation a culture to refer to the so-called higher values
Subject-free Engineering? On responsibility and humanistic standards in the technocratic society
No full textIn the first part of the paper, the author defines two notions: that of an engineer and that of a humanist. The engineer must be sensitive to the values that constitute our humanity. Engineering is only an element which serves man to facilitate the quality of his life. There is, however, the danger of the development of subject-free engineering which already operates in a ‘ballistic’ and impersonal way. Despite all this, at the heart of engineering we find the humanistic and axiological nucleus which contains the conviction that all that is technical has rational and good indications. The syndrome of contempt for society appears (Horkheimer). Today, it is essential that the engineer is guided by the humanist approach because it will enable him to construct favorable conditions for diverting various dehumanized standards. Engineering without a humanist nucleus is/can be dangerous for man and for nature
Philosophy as the Place of Meeting and Agreement in the Pluralistic World
No full textВ редукционалистическом мире философию все больше игнорируют. Однако она пред-ставляет собой одну из самых важных манифестаций человечества. Сегодня она становится сверхкультурной дискуссией над фундаментальными вопросами человека, которые являются первичным компонентом человеческого духа (Гильдебранд). Философствование – это деятельность, которая позволяет человеку сохранить свойственное ему достоинство. Филосо-фия может стать площадкой для встречи разных культур и цивилизаций. Философская деятельность может помочь в эпоху многоуровневого кризиса глобального масштаба, особенно тем, что она является одним из самых значимых достижений демократии. Автор считает, что приближается эпоха ренессанса и максимализма в философии как самых харак-терных активностей человека в каждую эпоху и в каждой культуре.In the reductionist world philosophy is more and more often marginalized. However it is one of the most important expressions of humanity. Today philosophy becomes a cross-cultural discussion about basic human questions, which are the primal component of the human spirit (Hildebrand). Philosophizing is an action which allows a man to retain his proper dignity. Philosophy may create a space for different cultures and civilizations to meet. Philosophical activity – as a great achievement of democracy – may be very helpful in the time of multidimensional global crisis. The author thinks that the era of renaissance and maximalism in philosophy – as the most distinctive human activity in every age and culture – is approaching
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
In Pursuit of Adequate Anthropology: Difficulties and Postulates
No full textW artykule podjęta została kwestia poszukiwania tak zwanej antropologii adekwatnej. Antropologia filozoficzna rozwinęła się w dwudziestym wieku, jednakże w późniejszym czasie utraciła swoją żywotność. Różnorodne ujęcia i koncepcje człowieka bazują zwykle na założeniach redukcjonistycznych. Wdrażanie w praktykę życia społecznego redukcjonistycznych wizji osoby ludzkiej doprowadziło do wzrostu nieprawidłowości i patologii. W konsekwencji człowiek współczesny podlega różnorodnym formom alienacji.
Problem człowieka wymaga wszechstronnych ujęć. Koncepcje etyczne czy też aksjologiczne są bardzo potrzebne, fundamentem potencjalnej integralnej antropologii powinna być jednak uniwersalna duchowość. Nieodzowne wydaje się więc przekroczenie w dyskursie perspektywy zarówno pierwszoosobowej, jak i drugoosobowej oraz trzecioosobowej. Należy dążyć do wypracowania uniwersalnej, ponadkulturowej kategorii człowieczeństwa opartej na holistycznie rozumianej duchowości.
Człowieczeństwo to zdolność do dialogicznej partycypacji w wartościach duchowych. Konieczne wydaje się wypracowanie niearbitralnej i maksymalnie bezstronnej filozofii człowieka pozwalającej wygenerować „wielką narrację” dla całej planety, narrację na miarę dwudziestego wieku.The main aim of the paper is to discuss the issue of adequate anthropology. Philosophical anthropology as a scholarly discipline developed in 20th century, but soon it lost its vivacity. A majority of the contemporary concepts of the human being may be described as reductionist. The subsequent application of such reduced models in the social life has contributed to an increase in dysfunctions and pathologies. As a result the human being experiences various forms of alienation and estrangement.
The so called ‘problem of man’ calls for multidimensional analyses. The author postulates that while a focus on ethics and axiology is certainly important, the actual basis of the future integral anthropology should be universal spirituality. This kind of discourse, however, would involve going beyond the first, the second and the third person perspectives. Elaboration of a universal and metacultural category of humanity, one based on a holistic model of spirituality, seems essential.
Humanity comprises capability of participating, in a dialogical way, in spiritual values. The ultimate need is then to create a non-arbitrary and impartial philosophy of the human being capable of generating a grand narrative for the whole planet
Diagnoza i perspektywy przemian w cywilizacji zachodniej: Analiza porównawcza w świetle wybranych wątków myśli Chantal Delsol i ekofilozofii Henryka Skolimowskiego
Full text linkThe aim of this article is to attempt to capture the differences and similarities relating to Western civilisation that are contained in the thought of the French political philosopher Chantal Delsol and the ecophilosophy of Henryk Skolimowski. The Polish philosopher has built his own philosophical concept on the basis of a radical critique of Western civilisation as a remedy to the contemporary crisis. Chantal Delsol, on the other hand, is a researcher who very insightfully points out the weaknesses and deficiencies of Western civilisation. The first part of the text presents the arguments of both scholars. In the second and third parts, the author discusses similarities and differences between the ways in which the analysed thinkers perceive Western civilisation and postulate possible solutions to the current crisis, which – in the light of the texts of both scholars – is primarily spiritual in nature and derives from the lack of integral and empathetic approach. This text is thus an attempt to characterise some of the diagnoses and prognoses of the two aforementioned authors, which concern both the current situation and the future of Western Civilisation. In addition, the common points and differences between the approaches discussed are pointed out. The article uses the comparative and critical analysis methods.Celem artykułu jest próba uchwycenia różnic oraz podobieństw odnoszących się do cywilizacji zachodniej, które zawarte są w myśli francuskiej filozof politycznej Chantal Delsol oraz w eko-filozofii Henryka Skolimowskiego. Polski filozof na bazie radykalnej krytyki cywilizacji Zachodu zbudował własną koncepcję filozoficzną będącą swoistym remedium na współczesny kryzys. Chantal Delsol natomiast bardzo wnikliwie wypunktowała słabości i niedomagania cywilizacji Zachodu. W pierwszej części tekstu zaprezentowano koncepcje obojga badaczy. W drugiej i trzeciej części autor omawia podobieństwa i różnice pomiędzy sposobem postrzegania cywilizacji Zachodu przez analizowanych myślicieli, a także postulaty ewentualnych rozwiązań aktualnego kryzysu, który – w świetle tekstów obojga uczonych – ma przede wszystkim charakter duchowy i wywodzi się z braku ujęć o charakterze integralnym i empatycznym. W artykule podjęta została próba scharakteryzowania niektórych diagnoz i prognoz obojga wymienionych autorów, które dotyczą zarówno aktualnej sytuacji cywilizacji Zachodu, jak i jej przyszłości. W artykule zastosowano metodę porównawczą oraz metodę analizy krytycznej
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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