1,720,965 research outputs found
Evaluation of Efficacy of Aparajita (Clitoria ternatea Linn.) in the Management of Depression in Farmers of Vidarbha Region Chronically Exposed to Organophosphorus Compounds
Full text linkIntroduction: India is an agrarian country where pesticides and insecticides are abundantly used in farming. Organophosphorus compounds are the most common class of pesticides, known to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, thereby increasing acetylcholine levels in the central nervous system. Chronic exposure results in neuropsychiatric manifestations such as depression, often associated with suicidal tendencies. In Ayurveda, several Medhya Rasayana drugs are indicated for mental health disorders. Aparajita (Clitoria ternatea Linn.), traditionally described as Tridoshaghna, Aampachana, and Vishaghna, also possesses Sarpavishahara (anti-venom) properties. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Aparajita Mool (Clitoria ternatea Linn.) in the management of depression among farmers chronically exposed to organophosphorus compounds. Methods: A community-based survey was conducted in the Wardha district of Vidarbha, Maharashtra, to identify farmers with more than 12 months of chronic exposure to organophosphorus compounds. Eligible participants were clinically assessed using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and serum cholinesterase levels were measured. A total of 40 farmers with mild to moderate depression were enrolled after informed consent. The intervention consisted of Aparajita Mool Churna (1 g daily) for 6 consecutive months. Follow-up assessments were conducted at the 3rd, 6th, and 9th months. Results: Comparison of baseline and 9-month follow-up values demonstrated a highly significant improvement (p < 0.001) in both serum cholinesterase activity and Hamilton depression scores. Conclusion: Aparajita Mool exhibited considerable efficacy in reducing depression severity and normalizing serum cholinesterase levels in farmers chronically exposed to organophosphorus compounds. This study supports its potential role as an effective Ayurvedic intervention for occupationally induced depression
Comparative pharmaceutical evaluation of different samples of Yellow orpiment (Haratala) and Ayurvedic mineral formulation (Rasamanikya)
Full text linkBackground: The present work aimed to study the Physical and Physico-chemical Properties of raw Haratala (Yellow Orpiment), processed Haratala, and its self-prepared formulation Rasamanikya with different market preparations of Rasamanikya by using advance methods such as ICP-AES (qualitative and quantitative analysis), XRD and FEGSEM so that the particle size and elemental content can be estimated and compared in all the samples. This is an attempt to study the classical method of preparation as well as effect of purification process on the constituents of the drug and their size. Methods: Raw Patra Haratala (Orpiment) and three different samples of Rasamanikya were procured from authentic sources. Shodhana (purification) of Haratala was conducted by two different methods. Rasamanikya was prepared from the Haratala processed by two different methods. All the eight samples were subjected to physicochemical analysis, ICPAES, XRD and FEGSEM. Results: Arsenic content is decreased in all the samples except CSH in comparison with ASH. In ICPAES, number of elements is reduced in CSH, KSH and RMCSH in comparison with ASH whereas it is increased in RMKSH, RMMSA, RMMSB, and RMMSC. XRD analysis reveals that Average Crystal Size is minimum in RMMSA and maximum in RMMSC. Average Lattice Strain is minimum in ASH and maximum in RMMSC. Orpiment was detected in all the samples except RMKSH, RMMSB and RMMSC. FEG SEM indicates that the gross particle size of all the samples varies from 1um to 100nm at resolution ranging from 200 to 100000 magnifications. The nanoparticles are visualized at 50000 to 100000 magnifications. Conclusion: Advanced techniques like ICPAES, XRD and FEGSEM are very helpful in estimating the heavy metal content and particle size in Ayurvedic medicine. It is necessary from safety point of view. Small size particles increase the absorption of the drug in the body which causes increase in the bioavailability and potency of the drug. Hence the dose of the formulation may be reduced. Thereby the untoward effects of the high doses can be avoided
Pharmaceutical evaluation of Snuhi ksheera siddha taila and a Pilot study on its efficacy in Padavidarika (cracks on heel)
Full text linkBackground: Padavidarika is categorized in kshudra roga which causes pain and fissure in heels and breaches the beauty of the feet. It also causes difficulty in walking, which hampers routine activity of the person. To study the efficacy of Snuhi-ksheera siddha taila and to standardize the formulation, the study was undertaken. Methodology: Snuhi-ksheera siddha taila was prepared with latex of Snuhi (Euphorbia nerifolia Linn), Tila taila (Sesame oil) and Saindhava lavana (Rock salt). Its physicochemical analysis was conducted. An interventional study was conducted in 15 patients of padavidarika and they were assessed with number of cracks and pain associated with cracks on heel and photographs taken before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was conducted using student’s paired and unpaired “t” test at p<0.05 as level of significance. Result: Snuhi-ksheera siddha taila significantly reduced number of cracks and pain associated with cracks on heel. Conclusion: Snuhi-ksheera siddha taila can be used safely in the management of Padavidarika
A systematic review on exploration of therapeutic potential of Aparajita (Clitoria Ternatea Linn)
Full text linkAparajita (Clitoria ternatea Linn), is an herb widely distributed in the humid, lowland tropics of Africa, Asia, and Central America. Aparajita is known for its katu, tikta, kashaya rasa, and vishaghna (which alleviate toxins) properties. It is used in the treatment of various diseases and is a major ingredient in various anti-poisonous formulations. Pharmacologically, it has actions like insecticidal, cholinergic, antioxytocic, antihistaminic, analgesic, diuretic, purgative, laxative, and abortifacient. A systematic review is attempted based on preclinical studies to prepare a strong platform for the clinical utilisation of Aparajita as a main drug. The research papers reporting the study of Clitoria ternatea Linn in animals (In vivo and in vitro) were searched for systematic review. The literature search was performed using keywords like \u27preclinical studies on Aparajita,\u27 \u27animal studies on Aparajita,\u27 and \u27pharmacological studies on Aparajita,\u27 in combination with various effects in animals, in the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, AYUSH Research Portal, and DHARA for studies published up to December 2021. Many preclinical studies reported that Clitoria ternatea Linn has diuretic, nootropic, anti-asthmatic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antidiabetic, antilipidemic, antioxidant, and wound healing properties. In the contemporary view, several pharmacological studies and preclinical studies prove the effectiveness of Clitoria ternatea Linn in various diseases. However, very few clinical studies of Clitoria ternatea Linn were done. Further clinical research should be conducted to establish the therapeutic potential of the drug Aparajita
Future perspectives of Therapeutic Claims of an Ethnopharmacological Drug Ipomoea carnea Jacq. - A Critical Review
Full text linkIpomoea carnea Jacq is an ethnopharmacological drug used for various indications by healers. As the herbal medicines are becoming endangered, ethanopharmacological drug can be used efficiently as they are available abundantly. The aim of this article is to highlight the therapeutic uses of Ipomoea carnea and to stress the use of ethanopharmacological drug vividly in the treatment. Materials and Methods: The data was located from books including ethnopharmacological drugs, Indian flora, traditional medicine and articles in various journals out of which only the data related to Identification of the species, pharmacological researches, therapeutic and other uses of Ipomoea carnea Jacq was selected. The data was segregated, edited, consolidated and reviewed critically to explore the therapeutic potential of the drug. Result: Phytochemical, invivo and invitro pharmacological studies indicate the therapeutic potential of Ipomoea carnea but there is scarcity of clinical evidences to prove their efficacy and safety in human beings. Discussion and Conclusion: Ipomoea carnea has significant pharmacological and therapeutical value. Though it is used as folk medicine, no clinical study has been conducted to evaluate the efficacy or to evaluate the toxic potential of Ipomoea carnea leaves, seeds or any other part
Comparative oral and dermal bio accessibility study of Ayurvedic Antidote (Manjishthadi Agada) by Franz Diffusion method
Full text linkBackground & objectives: Manjishtadi Agada described in Bharat Bhaishajya Ratnakar is indicated in all type of poisoning but the route of administration is not mentioned. Agada are used mainly from most of the routes of administration like internally (excluding parental routes) and externally in poisoning condition. In emergency condition like poisoning or snake bite, fast absorption of the drug is needed to achieve its peak and effect. The present study was conducted to compare the absorption of Manjishtadi Agada through oral and dermal route. Methods: In this study, Manjishtadi Agada was prepared which was subjected to physicochemical analysis and dermal as well as oral bio accessibility study with the help of Franz cell diffusion apparatus. The absorbance and its time were recorded and the graphs were plotted for dermal and oral bio accessibility of Manjishthadi Agada. Assessment was done with the help of calibration curve to estimate the absorption of the drugs with different time interval and dilutions. Pearson’s Correlation coefficient was estimated to observe the correlation between rate and time of absorption of both the routes. Results: It was observed that there is statistically significant difference in the absorbance of Manjishthadi Agada through dermal and oral route. Interpretation and Conclusions: Bio accessibility of Manjishtadi Agada is more with oral route than that of dermal route. Manjishthadi Agada may be absorbed earlier when administered through oral route at higher concentration. In acute and chronic condition of poisoning, it should be administered through oral route.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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