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Argumentative resistance to violence metaphors for cancer:An analytical study of argumentation against metaphor
Get PDFViolence metaphors for cancer – such as ‘she is fighting cancer’ or ‘she lost her battle against cancer’ – are highly common in discourse about cancer. At the same time, these metaphors are controversial and contested. The present dissertation sheds novel light on the metaphors’ contentious status by conducting a close analysis of standpoints and arguments that are put forward against these metaphors in public discourse. The analysis is guided by the pragma-dialectical approach to argument analysis and approaches to metaphor analysis that are grounded in cognitive linguistics. In this dissertation, the author first examines how different types of argumentation in resistance to violence metaphors for cancer can relate to specific features of the contested metaphors. Subsequently, she examines the nature of different resistance standpoints and the dimensions of metaphor use these standpoints may be targeted at. The second part of the dissertation is focused on the analysis of arguments that are put forward against implications of violence metaphors for cancer, as well as the ways in which these implications can be countered by means of metaphor extension. Together, the dissertation’s findings demonstrate the multifacetedness of argumentative resistance against violence metaphors, and how such resistance can take different forms depending on a protagonist’s precise point of view and their arguments for objecting to a particular (property of) metaphor. Lastly, the dissertation demonstrates the value of combining theoretical and empirical knowledge on argumentation and metaphor in order to gain a better understanding of the ways in which metaphors are received and critically reflected upon
Argumentative resistance to violence metaphors for cancer:An analytical study of argumentation against metaphor
Get PDFViolence metaphors for cancer – such as ‘she is fighting cancer’ or ‘she lost her battle against cancer’ – are highly common in discourse about cancer. At the same time, these metaphors are controversial and contested. The present dissertation sheds novel light on the metaphors’ contentious status by conducting a close analysis of standpoints and arguments that are put forward against these metaphors in public discourse. The analysis is guided by the pragma-dialectical approach to argument analysis and approaches to metaphor analysis that are grounded in cognitive linguistics. In this dissertation, the author first examines how different types of argumentation in resistance to violence metaphors for cancer can relate to specific features of the contested metaphors. Subsequently, she examines the nature of different resistance standpoints and the dimensions of metaphor use these standpoints may be targeted at. The second part of the dissertation is focused on the analysis of arguments that are put forward against implications of violence metaphors for cancer, as well as the ways in which these implications can be countered by means of metaphor extension. Together, the dissertation’s findings demonstrate the multifacetedness of argumentative resistance against violence metaphors, and how such resistance can take different forms depending on a protagonist’s precise point of view and their arguments for objecting to a particular (property of) metaphor. Lastly, the dissertation demonstrates the value of combining theoretical and empirical knowledge on argumentation and metaphor in order to gain a better understanding of the ways in which metaphors are received and critically reflected upon
Argumentative resistance to violence metaphors for cancer:An analytical study of argumentation against metaphor
No full textViolence metaphors for cancer – such as ‘she is fighting cancer’ or ‘she lost her battle against cancer’ – are highly common in discourse about cancer. At the same time, these metaphors are controversial and contested. The present dissertation sheds novel light on the metaphors’ contentious status by conducting a close analysis of standpoints and arguments that are put forward against these metaphors in public discourse. The analysis is guided by the pragma-dialectical approach to argument analysis and approaches to metaphor analysis that are grounded in cognitive linguistics. In this dissertation, the author first examines how different types of argumentation in resistance to violence metaphors for cancer can relate to specific features of the contested metaphors. Subsequently, she examines the nature of different resistance standpoints and the dimensions of metaphor use these standpoints may be targeted at. The second part of the dissertation is focused on the analysis of arguments that are put forward against implications of violence metaphors for cancer, as well as the ways in which these implications can be countered by means of metaphor extension. Together, the dissertation’s findings demonstrate the multifacetedness of argumentative resistance against violence metaphors, and how such resistance can take different forms depending on a protagonist’s precise point of view and their arguments for objecting to a particular (property of) metaphor. Lastly, the dissertation demonstrates the value of combining theoretical and empirical knowledge on argumentation and metaphor in order to gain a better understanding of the ways in which metaphors are received and critically reflected upon
Argumentative resistance to violence metaphors for cancer:An analytical study of argumentation against metaphor
Get PDFViolence metaphors for cancer – such as ‘she is fighting cancer’ or ‘she lost her battle against cancer’ – are highly common in discourse about cancer. At the same time, these metaphors are controversial and contested. The present dissertation sheds novel light on the metaphors’ contentious status by conducting a close analysis of standpoints and arguments that are put forward against these metaphors in public discourse. The analysis is guided by the pragma-dialectical approach to argument analysis and approaches to metaphor analysis that are grounded in cognitive linguistics. In this dissertation, the author first examines how different types of argumentation in resistance to violence metaphors for cancer can relate to specific features of the contested metaphors. Subsequently, she examines the nature of different resistance standpoints and the dimensions of metaphor use these standpoints may be targeted at. The second part of the dissertation is focused on the analysis of arguments that are put forward against implications of violence metaphors for cancer, as well as the ways in which these implications can be countered by means of metaphor extension. Together, the dissertation’s findings demonstrate the multifacetedness of argumentative resistance against violence metaphors, and how such resistance can take different forms depending on a protagonist’s precise point of view and their arguments for objecting to a particular (property of) metaphor. Lastly, the dissertation demonstrates the value of combining theoretical and empirical knowledge on argumentation and metaphor in order to gain a better understanding of the ways in which metaphors are received and critically reflected upon
Countering Undesirable Implications of Violence Metaphors for Cancer through Metaphor Extension
Get PDFViolence metaphors for cancer can have undesirable implications. The metaphorical expression “She lost her battle with cancer,” for instance, is deemed inappropriate by some because of the implicit suggestions it would carry about patients’ responsibility to recover from the disease – if someone “lost” it is inferred they could also have “won” if only they had “fought harder.” The current study explores how language users may use a metaphor extension approach to argue against metaphorical implications they feel are harmful, offensive or otherwise inappropriate. More specifically, this paper will combine recent findings in metaphor research on metaphor extension with two case studies on argumentative resistance to violence metaphors for cancer to illustrate two ways in which these metaphors can be (re)interpreted in such a way that they are in line with language users’ (desired) perspective on the disease. Using analytical tools from Pragma-dialectics, the case studies will demonstrate how a close analysis of expressions of resistance to violence metaphors for cancer that extend these metaphors can 1) help pinpoint the precise metaphorical implications that are being contested in a given case of resistance, and 2) provide an insight into which alternative interpretations are deemed acceptable by the protagonists of resistance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
“For crying out loud, don't call me a warrior”: Standpoints of resistance against violence metaphors for cancer
Get PDFExpressions of resistance to violence metaphors for cancer provide important insights as to how these metaphors are perceived and which specific aspects of their use are deemed inapt or inappropriate by actual language users. The first objective of this paper is to examine different types of resistance standpoints that are expressed in critical responses to violence metaphors for cancer as well as the different metaphor dimensions these standpoints are focused on. Secondly, the paper aims to demonstrate the value of a close analysis of standpoints of resistance to metaphor from a combined argumentation theoretical and metaphor theoretical perspective. It will be shown how a combined argumentation theoretical and metaphor theoretical framework constitutes a useful and structured method for understanding the nature of resistance standpoints and the specific dimension(s) of metaphor they address. In this paper the combined framework will be put into practice in six case studies, each illustrating different manners in which language users express their disapproval of a particular use of violence metaphors for cancer
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