1,720,985 research outputs found
Lighting features in indian-style traditional architecture
No full textDue to the effect of impinging solar radiation, high thermal loads can be predicted in
buildings ¡n many climates of South-East Asia. The logical need to protect and ventílate the fagades
has been known for centuries. Features such as the jalis or lattice work combined with deep
overhangs and elements conceived to reflect excessive sunlight such as water tanks or ritual ponds
have adorned Indian-style palaces and temples since ancient times. Those features have
subsequently inspired modern architects like Le Corbusier, Antonin Raymond, Benjamín Polk and
Geoffrey Bawa to cite just a few. Climatic control elements were well suited to the craftsmanship of
traditional architecture but their use as industrial producís that could be prefabrlcated ¡s more
controversial. Not only has the climate changed since the origin of Indian-style architecture, but also
the use of glazing has increased in an alarming way and thus the need to protect the fagades is now
even more demanding. If this is not properly done the performance of air-conditioning Systems would
be compromised and the lifespan of the Windows would result severely affected. Nonetheless,
depending on the type and reflective nature of the shading system selected, undesirable effects for
ventilaron, comfort and especially for day-lighting tend to occur in the space that, paradoxically, we
are trying to protect. In this paper, within the context of Indian civilization we will present the
simulation of the radiative field generated by different types of solar protection and reflective surfaces,
especially ponds and Systems of louvres or brise-soleil. In the process we intend to extrapólate the
procedures for ancient fabrics to some modern counterparts found in internationally acclaimed
buildings and to obtain useful design insights for future projects
Daylighting in historical centres: the case of an architect's office in Seville
No full textHistorical towns ¡n Europe usually have as their main feature an extremely dense urban
tissue. This, in turn, generates a wide variety of situations which make it difficult to provide adequate
light to the ¡nside of buildings. On the other hand, the trend for revitalization of cities often demands a
change in the utilization of spaces adding even more difficulties to the case because the previous
constraints and standards are heavily modified. Architecture today must face this challenge as a new
aim for creativity based on the idea of “design with the environment”. Basically, the achievement of
the said urban renewal of oíd towns should not entail the creation of a kind of enclosure where
sustainability is absent as the conservationists would have it. With this concept in mind, the complex
process of building an architect's office was been launched, and though the starting situation was that
of “a windowless fagade", a number of strategies have been devised to provide for sun and light in the
working and living spaces. Simulations of the project taking into account the principies of radiant
energy transfer have been duly conducted and after some corrections the office was completed and
monitored. The procedure yields both the thermal gains and the luminous distribution of the building
in order to assess the performance and comfort level on a seasonal basis. Therefore, we consider
that the project is a valid example of sustainability in historical cities not merely because of the former
but also due to its integration with professional practice and its attempt to address severe urban and
political constraints
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Visual impact assessment of BIPV in building retrofits using saliency models
No full textLimited fossil energy resources and the potential danger of nuclear power plants led to growing popularity of solar energy. In Switzerland, Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) is expected to be responsible for up to quarter of the energy production from renewable resources by the time of 2035. In order to protect the existing natural landscape, BIPV must be concentrated in urban spaces, which means that certain amount of existing building envelopes have to be turned into energy generators. There is a growing concern about BIPV retrofits because they may change the visual appearance of the existing city images to a large extend and/or in a negative way. In order to manage the potential visual impact resulting from BIPV expansion in urban spaces, evaluation methods should be able to measure it appropriately. Existing evaluation methods show insufficiencies for this purpose: either they cannot guarantee objectivity and continuity of evaluation standards throughout assessments of different BIPV projects, because their qualitative criteria are vulnerable to subjective preferences; or they only use formal design parameters to evaluate the visual integration quality of BIPV and therefore lack neuroscientific base. In order to tackle these insufficiencies, an objective evaluation method is proposed that is capable of measuring the BIPV visual impact in building retrofits in a quantified approach based on neuroscience knowledge. The assessment should be made in concept phase of the project, so as to identify the BIPV designs that have the least negative visual impact. The proposed evaluation method integrates saliency model, which imitates the mechanism of human visual attention, into assessment procedures. First, the probability of a BIPV installation attracting human visual attention in the respective visual scene is calculated quantitatively with the saliency model. Then the modifications of saliency values in this very visual scene before and after the BIPV retrofit are assessed. In the end, the modifications of saliency values are transformed into BIPV visual impact and objectively expressed as single values. The analyses are based on renderings generated from RADIANCE and programming in MATLAB. This method is demonstrated with a small case study that simultaneously serves as proof-of-concept. The proposed evaluation method is applied on a realistic case study: BIPV designs for a church roof. In total, 5 designs were developed with variations in BIPV installation location, roof coverage percentage, module size, PV material und design approach. The lowest visual impact value was induced by the BIPV design with the most careful and considerate integration approach, the design with the boldest integration approach obtained the highest visual impact value. The evaluation method proved to be feasible to a large extend. It is believed that the synergy between architecture and neuroscience can contribute to a growing understanding of human responses to the built environment. Hopefully the findings from this thesis can help in minimizing the negative visual impact induced by BIPV expansion in urban spaces, and also aid architects in gaining new understandings for visual aspects in architecture design.LESO-P
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