43 research outputs found
Pathology and clinicopathology of buffalo against trickle infection with Fasciola gigantica
Get PDFEleven male buffalo calves were divided into infected group of 7 animals and non-infected control group of 4 animals. The infected group was then inoculated with trickle doses of 15 Inetacercariae of Fasciola gigantica twice weekly for 32 weeks and killed 36 weeks after first infection. There were no clinical symptoms observed . Infected and non-infected buffaloes, had similar values of packed cell volume, haemoglobin and red blood cell counts . In infected buffaloes, plasma glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme activity increased in proportion to the dregree of hepatocyte destruction level and evidence of necrosis caused by the migrating of immature flukes through the parenchyma prior to their entry into the bile ducts. While the values of plasma glutamyl transpeptidase showed only a minimal rise with a small peak in week 20 as evidenced by histological observation that infected caused limited damage to epithelial surface of the bile duct . These results indicates that, the resistance mechaninisms of buffalo against fasciolosis infection occurred in the liver or before flukes entering into the bile ducts. These results seem to indicate that, in buffalo, resistance mechanisms to fasciolosis infection occured in the liver or before flukes entry into the bile ducts. Key words: Fasciola gigantica, clinicopathology, buffalo calves, trickle infection, resistanc
Role of Natural Immunomodulator (Aloe Vera) in Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses
Get PDFAloe vera belongs to a group of Liliaceae family plant and cultivated worldwide. It possesses acemannan (acetylated mannan), which has a significant pharmacological property. The acemannan has an immunomodulatory activity when administered to animals. The major immunomodulating effect includes the activation of immune effector cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages, resulting in the production of cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). In particular, this extract can modulate the differentiation capacity of CD4+T cells to mature into Th1 subsets and enhance the innate cytokine response. As a consequence, this extract will have a profound effect in controlling disease, caused by intracellular infectious agents (bacteria and viruses). However, further studies are needed to determine the immunomodulating effects of Aloe vera in multi-component extracts equivalent to what are being used commonly in traditional medicine. Key words: Aloe vera, immunomodulator, cytokine
The activities of antioxidant enzymes extracted from Fasciola gigantica infecting Thin Tailed and Merino sheep
Get PDFPrevious studies shown that Indonesian Thin Tailed (ITT) sheep are more resistant to Fasciola gigantica infection than Merino sheep. This difference could be mediated by intrinsic defense enzymes of the parasite. Certain enzymes are known to be crucial in parasite survival against host-derived immune responses. We measured some of them to identify if any comparative differences between the enzyme activities of the parasites from the two hosts (ITT Merino sheep) could account for the mechanisms of parasite resistance to killing by the Merino host and susceptibility to killing by the ITT host. Parasites were extracted from the liver of infected ITT and Merino sheep and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities were assayed. SOD and GST levels were found to be higher in parasites isolated from Merino than those of ITT sheep (P0.05), CAT activity was not detected in any of the parasites. There was significantly higher eosinophils (P0,05) in the ITT sheep peritoneal cells. These results suggested that SOD dan GST are important molecules in determining susceptibility in Fasciola-infected Merino sheep and resistance in Fasciola-infected ITT sheep. Key Words: Fasciola Gigantica, Indonesian Thin Tailed Sheep, Merino Sheep, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione S-Transferase (GST
Comparison of Cytokine Profile between Indonesian Thin-Tailed and Merino Sheep during A Primary Infection with Fasciola gigantica
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the expression of cytokines profiles interferon-? (IFN-?),interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-10 in Rasciola gigantica resistant Indonesian thin-tailed (ITT) sheep comparedto susceptible merino sheep infected with Fasciola gigantica. A total of ten ITT and merino sheep wererandomly allocated into infected (n=5) and control (n=5) groups, sheep were infected with 250 viablemetacercariae of F. gigantica. The cytokines were determined by isolated mRNA from hepatic lymph nodeby semi-quantitative RT-PCR (Reverse Trancriptase -Polymerase Chain Reaction). The result showedITT sheep produced significantly higher IL-5 and 10 ( P<0,05 ) than merino sheep, while ITT sheepproduced less IFN-? ( P<0,05) than merino sheep at 10 weeks post infection. It could be concluded thatmerino sheep tend to develop T type 1 cells, while the ITT sheep tend to develop T type 2 cells whicheffectively killed F. gigantica
STUDI KASUS PENYAKIT AYAM PEDAGING DI KABUPATEN SUKABUMI DAN BOGOR
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kejadian penyakit secara patologis pada ayam pedaging di Kabupaten Sukabumi dan Bogor pada bulan Februari (musim penghujan) dan Juni (musim kemarau) tahun 2012. Dari sejumlah peternakan yang dikunjungi total diperoleh 40 kasus penyakit. Diagnosis penyakit ditetapkan berdasarkan sejarah penyakit yang terjadi di peternakan, umur ayam yang sakit, gejala klinis, perubahan patologi anatomis, dan histopatologis. Berbagai faktor seperti kondisi iklim, tata laksana peternakan, pengobatan, dan sejarah vaksinasi digunakan sebagai data penunjang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyakit yang teridentifikasi adalah colibacillosis (22,2%), asites (12,5%), gumboro (12,5%), Newcastle disease (ND) (10%), Salmonella pullorum (10%), dan necrotic enteritis (7,5%). Penyakit terutama terjadi pada ayam umur 11-21 hari (57,5%) dan terjadi pada musim penghujan (60%)
Comparison of Cytokine profile between Indonesian thin-tailed and merino sheep during A primary infection with fasciola gigantica
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to investigate the expression of cytokines profiles interferon-? (IFN-?),interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-10 in Rasciola gigantica resistant Indonesian thin-tailed (ITT) sheep comparedto susceptible merino sheep infected with Fasciola gigantica. A total of ten ITT and merino sheep wererandomly allocated into infected (n=5) and control (n=5) groups, sheep were infected with 250 viablemetacercariae of F. gigantica. The cytokines were determined by isolated mRNA from hepatic lymph nodeby semi-quantitative RT-PCR (Reverse Trancriptase -Polymerase Chain Reaction). The result showedITT sheep produced significantly higher IL-5 and 10 ( P<0,05 ) than merino sheep, while ITT sheep produced less IFN-? ( P<0,05) than merino sheep at 10 weeks post infection. It could be concluded that merino sheep tend to develop T type 1 cells, while the ITT sheep tend to develop T type 2 cells whicheffectively killed F. gigantica
Coccidiosis as A Predisposition Factor for Necrotic Enteritis in Poultry and Their Prevention
Get PDFCoccidiosis and necrotic enteritis are both affecting the digestive tract of chicken and both are major enteric disease that mainly affect poultry. Among the enteric diseases, necrotic enteritis is a major problem. Coccidiosis is caused by the protozoan of Eimeria sp, and is commonly found as a predisposition factor for necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridum perfringens. Both diseases are commonly shown similar pathological change namely necrosis of epthelial cells in the intestinal mucosa. The diseases have great economic impact in poultry productions, due to the increased mortality, decreased performance and medication costs. Control of these diseases are commonly treated with antibiotics and ionophores. However, an intensive use of these drugs in feed may cause the emergence of drug-resistance against some strains of Eimeria sp.and Cl. Perfringens and an increased chance of contamination in animal products for human consumption. The paper is discussing the occurrence of necrotic enteritis especially due to the coccidian as a major predisposition factor and the development of alternative control strategies for avian coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis, by modulating intestinal health
The Role of Selenium in Controlling Reproductive Disorder in Beef Cattle
Get PDFReproductive failure is regarded as a problem in the breeding of beef cattle as indicated by low calving rate, low conception rate, longer periods of calving interval, and neonatal mortality. Selenium deficiency may lead to non-infectious reproduction disorder in ruminants. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the role of selenium in preventing reproduction failure of beef cattle. In the reproduction process, selenium is required for cellular respiration, cellular oxidation, DNA and RNA replication, the integrity of cells membrane, and releasing free radicals. Selenocysteine (SeCys) is the main component of selenoprotein consisting of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) to inhibit free radicals formation and reduce risks of tissue damage. Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) involved are: GPX-1 (cytosolic), GPX-2 (gastrointestinal specific), GPX-3 (plasma/extracellular), GPX-4 (phospholipid-hydroperoxides/intracellular) and GPX-5 (spermatozoa mitochondrial capsule). Selenium as an antioxidant is potentially involved in reducing fertility, stillbirth, abortus, and premature in cows based on oxidative stress and selenium deficiency. In male cattle, the role of selenium is to maintain the integrity of cells membrane, spermatozoa fertility, and ejaculation. The selenium deficiency may therefore affect spermatozoa fertility, motility, and fusion to oocytes due to lipid peroxidation. It is then regarded as a factor in reproductive failure mainly in the infertility of cattle. Treatments for reproductive failure due to selenium deficiency could be conducted by supplementing selenium in the mineral mix, periodical dosing of selenium salt, and providing Se-mineral block, the combination of selenium and vitamin E or selenium supplementation in soils to improve the quality of fodder and feeds
Anticoccidial activity of Artemisinin and Extract of Artemesia annua leaves in chicken infected by Eimeria tenella
Get PDFThe continuous use of anticoccidial drug in chicken often continuously generates drug resistance and tissue residue; so thatconsequently, a safe alternative anticoccidial drug based on herb is fundamentally required. The aim of thise study was to examine anticcocidial activity of artemisinin and extract of Artemesia annua leaves in chicken infected by Eimeria tenella. A total of 35 chickens of Cobb strain was divided into seven groups with five replicates birds per group, i.e. uninfected chicken group (P I), infected but untreated chicken group (P II), infected and treated chicken group with 8.5 ppm, 17 ppm, 34 ppm, for P III, P IV and P V respectively, infected and treated chicken with 17 ppm of A. annua extract (P VI) and infected and treated chicken with Sulfa (P VII). All chicken, except the uninfected group, whereas infected with 2000 infective oocyst of E. tenella except the uninfected group. Treatment was delivered by oral, once per day for eight days. The criteria observed were clinical manifestation of chickens, number of oocyst in feces, body weight, cecal lesion score, haematocrit (packed cell volume) and haemoglobin value. The results showed that extract of A. annua leaves (P VI) was the most effective treatment to reduce the number of oocyst in feces (74.18%), followed by 34 ppm of artemisinin group (P VII). In addition, application of A. annua extract and artemisinin was significantly able to decreased the cecal lesion score (P0.05). Even though body weight and Hb value were not indifferent significantly different (p0.05), however A. annua extract and artemisinin treatments were significantly able to hold PCV value on normal level compared to P II and P IV (P0.05). It concluded that extract A. annua leaves and artemisinin could be used an alternative anticoccidial in chickens
Anticoccidial activity of Artemisinin and Extract of Artemesia annua leaves in chicken infected by Eimeria tenella
No full text<p>The continuous use of anticoccidial drug in chicken often continuously generates drug resistance and tissue residue; so thatconsequently, a safe alternative anticoccidial drug based on herb is fundamentally required. The aim of thise study was to examine anticcocidial activity of artemisinin and extract of Artemesia annua leaves in chicken infected by Eimeria tenella. A total of 35 chickens of Cobb strain was divided into seven groups with five replicates birds per group, i.e. uninfected chicken group (P I), infected but untreated chicken group (P II), infected and treated chicken group with 8.5 ppm, 17 ppm, 34 ppm, for P III, P IV and P V respectively, infected and treated chicken with 17 ppm of A. annua extract (P VI) and infected and treated chicken with Sulfa (P VII). All chicken, except the uninfected group, whereas infected with 2000 infective oocyst of E. tenella except the uninfected group. Treatment was delivered by oral, once per day for eight days. The criteria observed were clinical manifestation of chickens, number of oocyst in feces, body weight, cecal lesion score, haematocrit (packed cell volume) and haemoglobin value. The results showed that extract of A. annua leaves (P VI) was the most effective treatment to reduce the number of oocyst in feces (74.18%), followed by 34 ppm of artemisinin group (P VII). In addition, application of A. annua extract and artemisinin was significantly able to decreased the cecal lesion score (P&lt;0.05). Even though body weight and Hb value were not indifferent significantly different (p&gt;0.05), however A. annua extract and artemisinin treatments were significantly able to hold PCV value on normal level compared to P II and P IV (P&lt;0.05). It concluded that extract A. annua leaves and artemisinin could be used an alternative anticoccidial in chickens.</p></jats:p
